215 horsepower cruising range 1,000 km, increased crosscountry ability, 60 degree climbability. Infantry is infantry. Its just running in the field. A tank is a tank. This is power, there the heart beats when this armada starts up and starts to go. I went, locality they just got up in a column and flew half a package of hailstones , the interaction went through artillery shelling. There is video footage from the mercenaries. In which he throws casco where where they also stopped working tanks, they did not expect that we would already be in the city center. Hello kirill vyshinsky, and this is a typical novorossiya program, our name says it all, we are talking about the territory that returned to its historical roots with the help of a careful look at history. We will try to reveal the originality of her day present to find both typical features and recognizable signs of the past. And thats what well talk about today. The strength of industrialization, how did borussia change in the 19th century . Why roads have become an artery of conversation with a Program Expert . In the second half of the 19th century, the railway became the main factor in the rapid industrialization of novorossia and the entire russian empire. There were several weighty reasons for this. In the middle of the century, novorossiya was the largest exporter of russian grain, if before that trade went mainly through the baltic, now through azov and black sea, almost 2 3 of the grain was exported to deliver it to the port and in vases along the steppe roads. It became more and more difficult and expensive neighbors until spring. They turned into an impenetrable need for railways , and the sad experience of the crimean war showed. Without them , the army could not move quickly and was deprived of operational supplies. In the first , the main roads in novorossia were built by private traders. They received concessions from the state, affordable loans and even state guarantees on bonds of jointstock companies. It was a lucrative business lucky russian merchants, who created the initial capital in the alcohol trade at the wine farms, hurried to invest in 1868. At the end, this young businessman samuil polyakov received for the construction of the road from the kursk province to the sea of \u200b\u200bazov, he paved more than 800 km of the way to the records. For that time, the terms for a year and 10 months in 3 years 1. 871 roads from the kharkov province. Crimea began to build a merchant old believer. Pyotr bunin , the first train passed through it to sevastopol 4 years later in 1875. That time has begun build. Donetsk coal road, it connected shakhty sports mariupol Jointstock Company headed by a merchant and philanthropist Sava Mamontov 3 years later the road was commissioned. All three highways successfully worked and brought profit and in the late nineties of the xix century they were bought out by the state; on their basis , a Single Network was created, which was called the catherines railway. It passed through the kharkov province, all of novorossia and the territory of the don cossacks , connects donetsk coal and krivoy rog iron ore pool. And on several of its branches. They transported coal, ore, metal to the southern ports of russia, and so began the rapid growth of mining and the development of heavy industry. In novorossia, on a wellknown poster of that time , it was the railways that became the blood arteries that connect the region with the rest of russia. All these changes brought donbass. The glory of the iron heart of russia not so long ago by the decision of the russian government, the former sections of the dnieper and Donetsk Railways of ukraine were merged into a new company. It got the name of the railway in a twist about yesterday and today highways in the story anna efimova Railway Station was once the heart of the logistics routes of the industrial donbass, this transport hub is located near the azov steel, and therefore there were destructions here corresponding fights in this area were especially fierce all the windows were broken the walls were burned from the station building, in fact, there was a concrete box and a miraculously preserved clock on the tower, as a reminder of the train here should always be on time, but now a mountain post from here. Can you get there . Is it to volnovakha thats all the way 24 44 minutes the ticket price is 27 rubles. Many large transport hubs of novorossiya. After the fighting, they were cut. Now the main task is to relink the Railway Network and this will be done by the newly created railways and novorossiya. Serious knots were damaged. This is volnovakha and the troops. Donetsk has a threeyear program. We are going according to the plan, and in the twenty third year it is the restoration of 60 km of the way. This is me rehabilitating this infrastructure. Also we are planning to lay 76 switches on the territory of the luhansk and board railways, there are a lot of Restoration Projects and the building of the structure, so now the entrance restoration of the mariupol Railway Station and the passenger one is underway. They are not in great demand and only a few hundred passengers depart daily from volnovakha in mariupol, however , more than 30 commuter trains run in the special military Operation Zone in the lpr and dpr alone. Among they have innovative debaltseve luhansk debaltseve tore salavatsky mariupol volnovakha as well as the passenger train of makiivka lugansk demand, given the hostilities is low, but still it is at the moment the structure of the railways is being formed, which will be included in the donetsk lugansk melitopol, kherson railway. Here is the staffing table. No, and measures to transfer employees. How will this happen at the moment . Im not ready to say yet. But all the people will translated this will allow us to switch to the standard that is applied by the Russian Federation to pull all the Infrastructure Requirements documentation. Which is on the agenda of communication with the mainland , that is, the rest of the regions of russia, direct Railway Communication with major cities on the mainland, not only moscow and st. Petersburg, but also rostovondon in voronezh, can open up new prospects. Communication on this route donetsk lugansk and to moscow or other directions, therefore, the entire infrastructure for these routes is ready. We, like the road builders, are ready to provide these transportations, where the Actual Development of logistics for the industrial sector of donbass, which, despite the war, continues to give the big country tens of millions of tons of metals, coal , products of the Chemical Industry and mechanical engineering, this list can be continued, and the feedback in the wartorn regions is also relevant. Donbass need to import special equipment from building materials. And here, without rail transportation anywhere, the program for their restoration should be implemented in as soon as possible. This will allow us to duplicate the crimean bridge in cargo traffic from central russia. In addition, for some cargo flows, especially those that go aa from the central region. This will reduce the distance by 30 , that is, due to the fact that they will pass along the newly formed railway. They will hit the crimea faster. The issue of construction is currently being worked out. Highways for duplicating it closer to the sea of \u200b\u200bazov through berdyansk, which will already ensure the operation of the promotion freight traffic in modern conditions, and will already begin to pay back the money and investments that will be invested in the development of this company, and yet, despite the planned renewal of the wagon fleet, despite all the hypothetical routes and other innovations, new arrivals are under the threat. It is hardly possible now to talk about the full restoration of Railway Communication in the region, in addition, against the backdrop of the ongoing special military operation by the railroad novorossiy. And sometimes you have to solve problems that are not included in the duties of most of them in peaceful territories, perhaps that is why the newly formed enterprise of the railway of novorossiy did not include the crimean railway. It is necessary to understand the state of these railways, it is necessary to understand what the load on the Railway Inside the donbass will be. That is, this is a whole bunch of highly specialized issues. This is how it looks like, according to the map, that you will win again, palliative measures, that is, you need to somehow restore the main South Passage through kharkov and dnepropetrovsk creation of a New Enterprise on the crimean model. Outside the Russian Railways system, it can be said that in this way they tried to withdraw the railway monopolist from the passive strike. However, given that sanctions for most Russian Companies have already become commonplace, it is unlikely that the decision to create a separate structure of novorossia railways is dictated only by these. There is still a problem, Russian Railways itself, it cannot now conduct two large places of the project, that is, relatively speaking, until the eastern Training Ground is completed, but at full power, they they cannot turn to the south. I think that if with the eastern test site until the year 25 the main part is completed, then from the year 25 we can still see quite actively the restoration and development of the further southern electricity of the southern cluster. However, this is just the case when time endures and the saying, go quieter, you will be here , fully justifies itself, by the way , the governments decree on the creation of a new structure first introduced the concept of novorossia into official circulation, and, as you know, it did not limited only to donbas kherson and zaporozhye anna efimova Valery SavelyevAnastasia Popova is a typical new russia. Railways in its nonnew russia and the prospects for the development of this industry in new territories, we will talk with our permanent expert, political scientist and historian alexander vasiliev. Sasha good afternoon. Hi construction of roads railways in the era of Rapid Development of capitalism. Well, it became like this. Uh, as it is now fashionable to speak of a driver in various european countries. But what are the features of this process on the contrary, when the russian government took care of the need for railways, and the word railway, it implies that the most important thing is the rails. Yes, and that these rails should not be carried. Where to produce them locally . And i thought that such and such equipment was for this plant, and the famous industrialist john hughes da brought it on a steamer to the ports of azov and from there. Uh, the future is the basis of this railway, so to speak, a jerk on the shafts was dragged by these details. There are these future blast furnaces, some more there mechanisms, and in the place where it subsequently arose. Yuzavka, today known as donetsk and the actual enterprise that was created, it was called the novorossiysk Jointstock Company of a coal rail production fireplace. Yes, because this idea will now be a plant, which, on the one hand, that is, roads are being built, and on the other hand, this plant, as it were, is located in the center of the region, which is connected to railways, uh, to the surroundings. It was very important and a special, uh, meaning, of course, acquired the road that she crossed in the growth of north to south. Yes, uh, which connected petersburg moscow the Black Earth Region via kharkov and then the end point was sevastopol the russian empire was building a railroad in borussia the soviet union developed this network. What happened . Ukrainian times e with the railways of novorossiya, well, in ukrainian times we know before the enterprise of ukrainian railways. Yes , it means that it existed and, uh, you cant say, that is, by ukrainian standards, it was a very successful enterprise. Especially we remember the times of the era, uh, minister, kirpy, uh, yes , when such a Renaissance Railway and Rolling Stock was updated and so on late kuchma yes, it seemed that everything was said so, and all this had a cloudless future. Ah, farms. Oh well, remember in general, here is a map of the railways of ukraine. Yes, and er, the name of these railways, they often look rather strange. For example, the Southern Railway, its center was in kharkov and was not by ukrainian standards. Its clear . Why is the Southern Railway practically, but the point is that it is the culture of the russian empires was preserved for a moment, which, indeed, kharkov was in charge of the same railway that i said, which led from the center. Russia to the crimea , andand then here in this southwestern railway, which now covered western ukraine, too, in it why it was gas, because it was under the russian empire, the southwestern region. Yes, that is , this structure is a railway, so conservative, in general history. Its been set up, in fact. E in tsarist times , soviet times. Shes not that good changed lets say so, but of course , 2014, but very seriously, and the whole story, so to speak, e changed yes, because but especially for the donbass, of course, it was very difficult. And a blow. Well, yes, of course, that is, how would it already function fully, even in the Donetsk Railway. It turned out to be, uh, only parts of it. Uh, inside the dpr and only later, when, for example, and after the debating operation, yes, the fifteenth year. Here in debaltseve it was the most important railway junction, and uh, here it is, if we assume there, and in donetsk there are miners and metallurgists. Gorlovka is there. Chemists, but debaltsev are railroad workers. It s just like, well, the main figure, or something, urban, here, uh, or, for example, ilovaisk we remember the battles for him, too, in the fourteenth year. Yes, here is the ilovaisk cauldron, these are the names that today for us look like milestones in military history. These are actually very important junction stations of these donbass railways, and, of course, they were very badly damaged even just during the hostilities created this year. First stateowned enterprise, in the name of which the word novorossiya railway sounds, how will this affect the development of the region and the industry for the first time and since the time of the russian empire, a certain official institution has appeared, in the name of which this term is used, and, of course, today in front of the railways in russia i here on purpose , uh, before that, so to speak, before recording our conversation, i consulted with experts in this field. Of course, its worth it, but there are a huge number of problems. Eh, the military is understandable. Yes, i have already said that very strongly e some part. The uh infrastructure has suffered during the fighting over the years. Thats what was directly damaged there, more or less restored, but a number of some branches there. It just wasnt used. That is, this equipment after such a long downtime. Well, of course, uh, problems such as its functioning arise, but this is not not the whole problem. The point is that well here, without going too hard into a railroad mechanic. Heres the thing, ah, we have railways, so we have diesel locomotives, yes or electric locomotives. Yes accordingly, it also means, that is, they will be either electrified and not and those that are electrified, they are on direct current and alternating current. Yes, and thats how it happened. It is simply because of historical reasons that the Donetsk Railway is the basis for which today it will be the railway in russia. Here is a direct alternating current, it does not correspond from the side. E, rostov region, railways and so on. That is, it is impossible, roughly speaking, to sit down there. And its easy, but to drive even where there are railway tracks, that is needs to be changed. Yes, yes, here, but in the azov section right here in the direction of the crimea there is not an electrified section at all. Yes, that is, these are huge, very serious infrastructural ones, but the problems and all this territory will essentially need to be built, well , in a new way, but simply built for the First Time Since that era. Here is the railway boom. And when it originated and even experts say, and there is such a directly confident opinion that it will be much easier to build a new railway line, and along the azov sea, thats south of the already existing new railway line. And why try to somehow modernize the already existing ones in this direction, and the ways and such, by the way, even at the same time in the early 19th century, the donbass industrialists already had a plan. Lay like this, this is the railroad route. It did not take place then, as it were, yes, but today it is as relevant as never, because i will say this. Hmm, as it were, that this is also a demon of such a fullfledged Railway Communication. Here is our land corridor to the crimea, he is his cannot be called complete if we are talking only about roads without a railway. Thank you very much for an interesting story. If the highest lida of novorossia was initially made up of the military and administrators from the aristocratic class, prince potemkin, the duke of taurida, da richelieu, prince vorontsov and many others, then at the end of the 19th century. People who did not have ranks and titles quickly burst into it. But they were enterprising and skillfully organized the extraction of minerals, the smelting of metal and the movement of financial flows. Special caste Railway Tycoons among them come from the old believer commu