So our religion is basically and necessary mechanism very human and so our religion is basically and necessary mechanism that sort of. Mother nature has provided us with that sort of. Mother nature has provided us with to survive be happy in reality which is often dire you have to go to survive be happy in reality which is often dire. Yeah i think thats right in a strong word but what i mean by. Belief speeds right in its a strong word but what i mean by. Beliefs being you know on them or not the intro inside the business or. Even into sunday as they said is out such are. The nation its a world i dont understand the world can have a to be its called learning the so see that learning its like class learning association learning whether its like classical conditioning like pavlovs dog or or operant conditioning like skinners rats conditioning like pavlovs dog or or operant conditioning like skinners rats its connecting one thing to another in the environment to try and understand cause its connecting one thing to another in the environment to try and understand causality all organisms do it so my little thought experiment is imagine youre on a homage ality all organisms do it so my little thought experiment is imagine youre on a hominid outlane a piece of clay africans of it thats when you go and you and yours are here to ruin us here when the garage. At its is it that interest a dangerous predator or is it just the wind now if you assume the wrestle in the grass is a dangerous predator or is it just the wind now if you assume the wrestle in the grass is a dangerous predator and it turns out its just just the wind youve made a type one or a false positive predator and it turns out its just just the when youve made a type one or a false positive you thought there was a real connection has no connection but no harm you just kind of run away you thought there was a real connection has no connection but no harm you just kind of run away but if you think the rustle in the grass is a day is that is just the wind it turns out its a dangerous predator but if you think the rustle in the grass is a day that is just the wind and it turns out its a dangerous predator your luggage which you just youve been much im just im just and getting out of him in a jet in the gene pool. So my argument is that we evolve the capacity to assume that a pool so my argument is that we evolve the capacity to assume that all rustles in the grass are dangerous predators instead of just the wind and therefore all rustles in the grass are dangerous predators instead of just the wind and therefore we tend to believe things that are not true just in case because some of our we we tend to believe things that are not true just in case because some of them are true and therefore believing weird things by the way this is called superstition are true and therefore believing weird things by the way this is called superstition or magical thinking believing weird things like that is not a bug in our magical thinking believing weird things like that is not a bug in the system to the system each or comes equipped with in the software on the pro soccer where of our programming to try to connect things in the environment just in case theres a real connection ramming to try to connect things in the environment just in case theres a real connection. All right so. Youre saying believe star almost restraint all right so. Youre saying believe star almost restraint by common sense just like a writing bait helps to harness an emotional by common sense just like a writing bait helps to harness an emotional horse but this horse well you know still go where and where if that horse but this horse well you know it still go where and where if it once are you saying that our emotional self will always take over and that rush once are you saying that our emotional self will always take over that rational one yes well we are both rational and in motion that it is yes well we are both rational and emotional that is reason is a tool that we used to try. And how that. Is a tool that we use to try to understand how the world works emotions are also a kind of a tool its a way of reasoning very crude works emotions are also kind of a tool its a way of reasoning very quickly so evolution designed our emotions to drive equally so evolution designed our emotions to drive us to do things so you dont have to calculate how many calories your body needs it in a given day you just feel hungry so that a motion of hunger drives us to do things so you dont have to calculate how many calories your body needs it in a given day you just feel hungry so that a motion of hunger drives you to eat something and then when youre satisfied youve had enough you no longer have that feeling or that you to eat something and then when youre satisfied youve had enough you no longer have that feeling or desire to be attracted to somebody else this is an evolved trait that helps the species purpose dyer to be attracted to somebody else this is an evolved trait that helps the species perpetrated a few. You have sex and children on it but no no one q. You have sex and children and so on but no one calculates exactly exactly theyre attracted to somebody to see you know that you know him of the operation or these to see him at bracieux or the cemetery of their faces or the completion of some of their star trio you know what they said those are the most complex but theres huge skin no one does those calculations you just feel attracted to somebody so in that sense things emotions like anger and track the city so in that sense things emotions like anger and jealousy and you know those things that. You know where they have a sorts of reason things mean about their a way of reasoning about the world very quick this world color. And you do please have a is it called 5 percent increase about some of the initial you just have a in to in a sense about something and were pretty good about this with people for example if you have a sense like this person on were pretty good about this with people for example if you have a sense like this person i dont have a good feeling about him i dont trust him i dont know what it is i just dont feel right about him or the situation youre in i dont have to use likely could pretty feel i mean about your out here am i dont trust him i dont know what it is i just dont feel right about him or the situation youre in those are usually pretty accurate feeling we have. But its not its not such psychic power its our its its a way of the reason hes in a very rapidly in their theory rather rapidly here pick about the. From picking the same thing from i mean from the human bone arent what you know they dont know what they are i dont know what they are but its just a get in there i had said its actually a good rate that there we have it but its just a feeling you get and thats actually a good trait that we have well ok let me take this a little step. Further well ok let me take this a little step further lets talk about whats real or not at the end of the day what lets talk about whats real or not at the end of the day what we do decipher is real right because many we now and physicists have talked to decipher is real right because many were now into physicists have talked to for instance he says she is suggesting that everything to me for instance he says she is suggesting that everything that we think is real and might just be in the ocean when you say that we think is real and might just be. What do you think. Yeah i dont think that thats correct dont think. Bradley. Hold the level that which we live that is the macro physical world we. Talk which we live that is the macro physical world with michio is talking about there or brian cox one of the physicists the study quote is going about expert at that for brian cox one of the physicists the study quantum physics for example theyre talking about the subatomic particle and this is a very different world theyre talking about the subatomic particle and this is a very different world its the size of atoms if you had like a tennis ball here is the nucleus of the size of atoms if you had like a tennis ball here is the nucleus of the atom and the electrons going around it sort of the Energy Shield or field of the electrons going around it sort of the Energy Shield or field of the electrons going around it these would be like blocks away from the little tennis ball here the electrons going around these would be like blocks away from the little tennis ball here its mostly empty space the atom is mostly empty space so that. Its mostly empty space the atom is mostly empty space so thats why people will settle. To talk about about you know this chair there is politically empty here is completely empty or or this is really empty space. This is at the 1000000 acro a lot of people the seattle based yeah but not at the macro level at the macro level the atoms are so tightly bound that essentially this chair that im sitting in is not empty arms are so tightly bound that essentially this chair that im sitting in is not empty space its a solid thing thats why i dont fall through it and they sit and have its a little thing thats why i dont fall through it and and have a little accident here here. At the met macro level of a level its its not its not. What we see and feel is see and feel is fairly out of it fairly accurate now portrait of reality now there are some there are people saw that m. P. R. You believe you that are you that. Said hey this is pay this problem of whats whats it like to be be a bag of at bat at like i cant know what its like to be a bag because i dont have sonar this echolocation system like i cant know what its like to be a bag because i dont have sonar this echolocation system and the big ears to pick up the sound bouncing up objects in the brain and the big ears to pick up the sound bouncing up objects in the brain apparatus to process the sound information and so on i can know what is an apparatus to process the sound information and so on i can know what its like to be a bad back cant know what its like to be me and so whatever lets say like to be a bad bad cant know what its like to be me and so whatever lets say a thing in the environment looks like to a bat it probably doesnt look like that to me we probably thing in the environment looks like to a bat it probably doesnt. I look like that to me we probably have very different images of what the world looks like but theres still really a say a wall of very different images of what the world looks like but theres still really a say a wall here and if the bat is flying toward it its going to move around the wall in here and if the bat is flying toward it its going to move around the wall and i see the wall or i feel the wall the bad heres the wall the sensory apparatus i see the wall or i feel the wall the bad heres the wall the sensory apparatus is different the neural structure processing the sensory information is different between me and the bat this is different the neural structure of processing the sensory information is different between me and the bat but there really are walls there really are things that we have to navigate around in the world so but there really are walls there really are things that we have to navigate around in the world so that part is not in a loop thats really hard out is already not so on and argue that its really a view so i argue that we evolve senses that give us a fairly accurate portrait of what the world is really like and in the best tool we have for understanding that world is science because of senses that give us a fairly accurate portrait of what the world is really like and in the best tool we have for understanding that world is science because subjectively you and i may be wrong or or or disturbed if you are not i may be wrong or or or distorted or in our or suffering from illusions but collectively we can get an accurate picture of the world or suffering from illusions but collectively we can get an accurate picture of the world so well what about creativity how dass creativity say so well what about creativity how dass creativity of fact our ability to believe in things does that mean that the fact our ability to believe in things does that mean that the richer mention ation we have the more likely we are to believe weird stuff or not necessarily richer mention ation we have the more likely we are to believe weird stuff or not necessarily. I think theres a relationship between this and the believing brain i. I think theres a relationship between this and the believing brain i. Toyed with the idea that this relationship between say madness and creativity or that toyed with the idea that this relationship between say madness and creativity or that that people are they who are very open to new ideas they can they make connections that people are they who are very open to new ideas they can they make connections across disciplines or new fields that you and i maybe wouldnt make across disciplines or new fields that you and i maybe wouldnt make but that so a bit open that. Is they also built it leave a lot of new ideas they also believe a lot of wacky ideas so for example i know a lot of really smart people nobel Prize Winners and so on they believe the weirdest things like what an idea in part is so i think i sample 100 no lot of really smart people nobel Prize Winners and so on they believe the weirdest things like what and part i sometimes wonder. Oh that like oh. It was like a spirit. Works was a conspiracy or that astrology works or that e. S. P. Is real so that these that kind the as if this brings that. Ethics up to the kinds of things that most scientists and skeptics are skeptical they think there might be something to this talk in the believing brain about kary mullis they think there might be something to this talk in the believe in brain about kerry mullis who won the nobel prize for his on this war nobel prize as they are his piece. The. Technique of taking a little snippet of d. N. A. And then reproducing that its a very common technique of taking a little snippet of d. N. A. And then reproducing that its a very common technique carried. A super interesting super smart creative guy he drum he dropped out kary mullis super interesting super smart creative guy he drum he dreamt up this this solution to this problem for which he won the nobel prize while he was surfing amped up this this solution to this problem for which he won the nobel prize while he was surfing and smoking pot and just kind of having a creative moment out in they train and smoking pot and just kind of having a creative moment out in nature you know. Like you and i are not going to have that kind of experience all right or i start you know. Like you and i are not going to have that kind of experience all right or einstein has this dream of fly and has this dream the most. Beam of light yeah whoa ok i dont have dreams like that but but that kind of openness and create i dont have dreams like that but but that kind of openness and creativity might lead you to think well all these other things are real not all over me to vittie might lead you to think well all these other things are real not all of them are real sometimes the Creative Ideas you come up with are just there just sometimes the Creative Ideas you come up with are just theyre just great crazy theyre crackerjack theyre not real and so the rub here is to a crazy theyre there crackerjack theyre not real and so the rub here is to have a mind open enough to accept radical new Creative Ideas that no one have a mind open enough to accept radical new Creative Ideas that no one else has thought of that turn out to be right but not so open minded that you believe everywhere else has thought of that turn out to be right but not so open minded that you believe every wacky idea that comes down the pike and so you know when people say well you know they laughed at the idea that comes down the pike and so you know when people say well you know they laughed at that they laughed at galileo. Oh they laughed at the Wright Brothers you know its like well they laughed at the Marx Brothers being let it have to go away oh they laughed at the Wright Brothers you know its like well they laughed at the Marx Brothers being laughed at does it mean youre right so for every galileo. Theres 10000. 00 does that mean youre right so for every galileo. Theres 10000 other scientists who had creative new ideas and they were wrong and i think i was in other scientists who had creative new ideas and they were wrong and i encountered these people all the time they send me they send me their letters every week of new theories that they have counted these people all the time they send me they send me their letters every week of new theories that they have most of which are completely incomprehensible so its not that being creative and having and most of which are completely and comprehensible so its not that being creative and having a new idea means youre right and you should win the nobel prize most new ideas even a new idea means youre right and you should win the nobel prize most new ideas even in science even by professional scientists are not right so some science even by professional scientists are not right so so just one final point. Just because you brought up so just one final point. Just because you brought up science is just really interesting i want to ask you because i hurt the idea that science is just really interesting i want to ask you because i hurt the idea that pseudo Scientific Research usually precede scientific revolution and people try to fit a Scientific Research usually precede scientific revolution and they will try to fill some gaps in the existing picture of the world and then to place city a little some gaps in the existing picture of the world and then the city set a Scientific Research leads to the socalled paradigm shift and said a Scientific Research leads to the socalled paradigm shift do you think that. Were actually on the verge of another scientific revolution if we look at that way just saying that were actually on the verge of another scientific revolution if we look at that way well it depends on the field i mean most fields in the sciences well it depends on the field i mean most fields in the sciences are fairly well set it doesnt mean theyre right but so heres how it works so you mention the words are fairly well set that doesnt mean theyre right but so heres how it works so you mention the word paradigm so a paradigm is this sort of collective body of knowledge that most of the people working in that paradigm so paradigm is this sort of collective body of knowledge that most of the people working in that field agree this is pretty true these are pretty solid well supported ideas field agree this is pretty true these are pretty solid well supported ideas then around the paradigm yo