Seen one of the areas is. Investing in education investing in universal health care in the nordic countries. By no means perfect but i think theyre doing some things right in terms of creating good conditions for good lives i know that in the latest World Happiness report on mark was pushed. By finland do you have any sound so what allowed the fence to get ahead of you. I mean im not sure whether weve got a list happy happy. But i mean. The 2nd decimal when we look at the absolute happiness numbers that that sets those countries apart so im happy for them and. Happy for the danes as well. And you know we can try to become happy or we can try and make the finns less happy i would go with the 1st i mean whether it is. Combined population with the number of People Living in the city in moscow or lets say in new york do you think its a meaningful comparison to. Try to see how lets say russia is doing compared to denmark because you know creating a good life for 5000000 people is very different from trying to do the same for several hundreds of thousands let alone 1300000000 as in china is perhaps easier but i think it does make sense to compare because whether you are 5w1cw i think people who. All want social connection i think they want a healthy Life Expectancy that is long i think they want low levels of corruption i think they want a society that is generous i dont think that is different in a big country compared to a small but i mean within the smaller country its easier to control for always variables than lets say in a country that has 11 time zones and when every region has its own regional and ethnic specific i think it is easier to. Create those good conditions for 500000000 definitely you will see a bigger level of both here in russia and also in the u. S. In terms of where the population want the country to go so there are some advances in being a smaller country in that sense now you mention the United States in the latest World Happiness where there is a chapter on of well being and Political Behavior which essentially says that we dont know enough about this relationship i wonder you dont know in a way how close that knowledge. And new case study when it comes to engaging or perhaps using the and happy people theres a lot of things to unpack there actually one of the conclusions also in that chapter was that the larger the share of people within the country that. The likelihood of people voting for the existing government so it actually makes sense for governments to focus on improving quality of life focusing on improving Life Satisfaction for the public if they want to be reelected there is an entire new area being sort of looked at now that he is focusing on inequality in wellbeing. Usually the rankings up based on the National Average but of course you have people above that average and you have people below that and what we see for example. A lot of countries theres a big inequality in terms of well being some people are very happy some people are very unhappy. So i think one of the key issues now for a lot of societies is an increase in polarized nation. And i think clearly the u. S. Is also a case for about what i found interesting about that chapter and it goes into some specifics about the american case as well as the british case as well its just that its not only that sought to present himself as a champion of the deplorable and the downtrodden but it is also the case that hes a lecturer at. A lower on the subject if. Questionnaire the question that i had is what do you think is more dangerous to try to keep these people away from politics or to allow them to change politics because their way people unhappy people express themselves in society and in politics is also very different from the way happy people. Mad it has themselves and many people would not like that shift i think everybody should of course take part in politics the countries that do really well in happiness rankings also have a large voter turnout and i see all voices represents that in its. What is interesting about trumps voters. When they asked. How satisfied they are with life now but also how satisfied they were were with life. Or whether life was better. I believe its around 73 percent says that life was they were more satisfied previously. And if if if you have that perspective whether its true or not or whether its your subjective opinion that of course can create a foundation for you coming out with a political slogan that. Lets make America Great again whether thats the objective case or not do you think its a perm and then disposition when people are simply unhappy if or lets say political establishment is this something that could be changed by lets say trump himself is it easy to make those people who are currently dissatisfied and base them for is it easy and possible to make them happy again i think its its possible i dont think its so we can see theres a lot of factors that impact how you and i would answer how happy we are how satisfied we are with life. Everything from genetics and age to the choices we make on a daily basis what we choose to choose to do with the time and who we spend our time with to areas that governments can influence policies equality access to Health Care Education and so on so it is possible but i think it takes a lot to move the needle for people that are happy or unhappy. So i think its a long. Bathroom so we improve quality of life i also heard you say that. Was elected it was the end happiest day of 2016 1st of all. Who suggested that how would you explain this showing because supposedly a lot of people unhappy people go out. Way the ballot box so why should the majority of the population so this was a u. K. Study so theres an excellent study called map. Phones and people have downloaded the app and then they are asked 12 or 3 times a day how happy they are and then we can see where are people who when theyre happy theyre happy when theyre with their friends theyre not so happy when theyre at work theyre happy on fridays they have. But they could also see over time which days they have in the. And they found in the happiest days Christmas Day when together with our families we had a lot of food and wine and so on but then in 2016 they looked at one of the im happiest days this year and the force on happy as they was quite surprising that the brits would be more unhappy about the election november as they didnt know that you know that this is out of their own political if you remember the majority of people in britain voted to leave so that thought they thought it was a good thing what the majority of people in the u. K. Thought was. Unhappy incident was trying getting elected so that sort of unified the brits well mike we have to take a very short break now but we will get back in just a few moments. From now from. Too soon to. Write for love we can go. 6 to the bloody. Right. Actually. Under. This is a stick for the open water bottle found in the stomach of the fish the brand is sponsor of the Cocacola Company which sells millions of bottles of soda every day the idea was that lets tell consumers theyre the bad ones theyre the litter box theyre throwing this away industry should be blamed for all this waste the company has long promised to reuse the plastic. To cook absolutely sick. Essential. To know the mountains of only grow. The problem of the Financial System costs from throughout the rest of the world was so big that not just one central bank could make money cheap enough could create enough artificial money by itself and so the fed did did Work Together with the European Central bank with the bank of england with the peoples bank of china leader kind of separate story with the bank of japan and so forth to create enough money to put into the Financial System to keep it safe for itself and ultimately what that did is a transferred all of that money into the banks into Financial Assets into burgeoning stock markets like like a ton of sort of crack into an attic up and never took it away and that meant someone else was going to pay on the other side and the people who paid on the other side was everyone else and. Welcome back to world and part of that might viking see all of the Happiness Research institute and best selling author my before the break we talked about the various institutional factors or happen is but there are no the only ones perhaps will even the most important ones people as you said before can be very happy and very am happy under the same circumstances how much a very personal responsibility happened. Is the same way we look at. How long you are going to live. Essentially depends on 3 categories it depends on our genetics we are predisposed for some diseases it depends on the countries we live in the cities we live in the quality of the health care you know the lay of the level of pollution in moscow in copenhagen and then thirdly it depends on the choices that you and i make on a daily basis to exercise what is a diet smoke to eat drink and so on and i think it makes sense to look at that happiness the same way so we also own more or less happy than the policies we live under the countries we live in also impact Happiness Levels we can see the happiness countries in the world on a scale from suits attend the average Happiness Level is around 7. 00 in a country like syria youll have a Happiness Level of around 3 and then the choices we make on a daily basis im not concerned not so much about the choices but lets say be it in mental discipline because for example we know where they exactly that some people are more prone to exaggerate than others women tend to be more anxious than men but its also well established in psychology that you can achieve great progress if you take on a ship off your mental and emotional disposition is that the same with happiness if you want to be happy can you be happy i think there is something you can do but of course you are influenced by the conditions who live under and by your genetics there is something you and i can do to improve our wellbeing our Mental Health our happiness but there is also some boundaries we tend to go to syria and see that happiness is a choice right then and somebody who has been to syria many times i can actually tell you that happiness for many people is a choice because under very very horrible conditions these people manage to smile they manage ship appreciate the conference of life i dont know if they have and idea of who get it but you can actually. Write so i dont believe certain live events is. Necessarily for happiness i can be very happy without smiling i think smiling is a form of communication and what we see in the data is that people are really unhappy in syria so i think there is something we can do and try and make the best of the situation we are in but i think there is also some limitations due to our environment and the country and even now in many of your lectures you mentioned several dimensions subjective wellbeing overall Life Satisfaction every day motions and what aristotle referred to as you do morning in the sense of preparation just sounds of striving for good how important is the latter so its one of the areas we actually have most trying to understand so we we know a lot in terms of Life Satisfaction overall happiness with life we know a lot of what drives that and we also know quite a bit of the emotions we experience on a daily basis both positive and negative ones and how that impact lives satisfaction we know less about the 3rd dimension theres also a discussion around how do we measure that level of purpose that level of meaning in life. We can see some things drive it like having kids have a wonderful positive impact on that sense of purpose. So when it comes to to Life Satisfaction we can see the best predictor of that from the other domains is actually experiencing positive emotions on a day. You also author of the bestselling book on the. Concept of enjoying a little comforts of life and i think even more broadly its kind of being able to be contented with the current moment without necessarily rushing into the future and as i was reading it i kept wondering how compatible with your demoniac can you be content and striving for good at the same time i think. Definitely a happiness to be found in being. Content with what we have but i think its also a happiness to be found in the pursuit of things so im less a fan of the pursuit of happiness im more fan of the happiness of pursuit i think having a goal that were working towards is something that is good for our mood something that is good for our. Satisfaction. So i think we can actually be both i mean. There is something i dont have that i would like to create in mind but at the same time i can also be content with what i have achieved so far im speaking about who get i wonder how. Old or new this concept is because the sort of the type of working life balance that exists and then where it is to be honest with you unprecedented in in much of the developed world alone developing is it really be the kind of did it precede denmarks economic success or is it the result of marx having this. Very balanced way of life probably more the latter but its been a concept that has existed in danish language for 200 years. So its not only a result of where the society is now but of course for some the good balance between work and life in a small people to. Take it slow spend time with family and friends to spend 4 hours keep cooking and stew but i think the thing about the experience ive had since the book was published was that happens everywhere so i received letters from readers in russia u. S. And france and germany saying ive been having for you all my life i just didnt know there was a word for it so of course it happens here as well but what is uniquely danish is a word that describes that situation and perhaps also that danes c. D. s pother off the National Sort of cultural and identity and talk about it a lot i know that almost every interviewer asks you about tips on how to increase ones subjective wellbeing and you usually say that there is no magic bullet for all i wonder though what works for you personally are there any personal hacks into happiness i think there are different strategies and different perspectives i think. Theres something we can do and should do to improve our mood here and now and i think theres a long term goal in terms of a long term perspective in terms of improving conditions for good lives i think here and now. We have a sort of Mental Health a. B. C. Which is doing something actually doing something meaningful and doing something together with other people seems to be a good universal recipe for improving here now how we feel of the same time i think we should look further down the line and consider how can we create a society that enables people to enable people to flourish and focusing on reducing corruption focusing on reducing the level of freedom focusing on lifting people out of poverty. Goals that we should strive towards long term in addition to things that we have to strive towards i think there are also things that we should consider with. Some of perhaps and then i know you spoke a lot about social media which supposedly were aimed to make us more connected but there is now a growing body of Research Showing that it is having and negative impact on many people there is there are some scientists for example paul dolan of the you who argue that in 10 years time we will speak of social media in this same matter in the same way we speak about tobacco now is something that is pleasurable in the moment but highly toxic and addictive do you agree with that i agree that we should be mindful of how we use social media and i agree with that it can have negative consequences for our wellbeing. So if we use social media to. Compare ourselves to everybody else that. Leading these seemingly amazing lives on instagram and so on. Then it can have a negative effect if we use social media to actually be social then that might have a positive impact i think. We have to be a little more nuanced in how we look at social media or so if we say books you know books can be great and they can be horrible so i think its the behavior is what we choose to do with either books or social media. That is the key here now i think one of the reasons why is social comparisons are so debilitating is low selfworth you know the failure to respond to be kind to yourself and i find it striking that we now have almost an epic in that mix of low selfworth in western countries most of which have based on this very idea of the Intrinsic Value of human life thats actually the basis of western civilization that human life individual live has an intrinsic meaning and Intrinsic Value why do you think. You know in this era of progress so many people find it so hard to accept themselves checks of their lives for what it is youre right that we are increasingly becoming exposed shoe. A wide spectrum of demands and we increasingly becoming exposed to standards that is impossible as a human to live up to beauty stand its level of income level of success and i think the as we talked about before food that social comparison becoming more pronounced. I think also intend them with that we have the expectation that when we lift people out of poverty when we became richer then we would become happier and i think valleys what a lot of people struggling with now they expected that once they reached a certain level of income then they would be happy. And yet we create new size we create new things we want and i think. Sometimes we run out of explanations for why we feel unhappy because if we have that level of income if we have that job if we have that family and so on why do we still if you are happy and then people internalize is it really all about income because if we take for example generations either the kids that are born in the turn of the century theyre raised in for spirity if they have been more tempted to psychologically than any of the previous generations they tend to be more