Unity among different palestinian factions, does it make you happy now that all currents of the Resistance Movement have come under the same umbrella of aloxsa flood . We know that regime very well, at the beginning when we were addressing the world, we were addressing the arab and muslim countries in particular. As we werent in contact with the western world, we were always telling the world that we are an oppressed people, and of that the palestinian cause is a right cause, and that the palestinians have the right to establish their state, and have the right to selfdetermination, like other peoples. We were also telling the world that the Israeli Regime is colonial and expansionist and seeks to seize the entire Palestinian Land and displace the palestinians, but no one was hearing us until. The war in gaza clarified the truth to the world, the massacres, the killings of children and civilians, the destruction of homes and the attacks and mosks, underw schools, ambulances and medics, have revived the consciences of the people and changed their perspectives. What we failed to change through words during more than 70 years has changed within the months. I have read that young people aged between 18 and 25 in the us are calling for deleting israel and the establishment of a palestinian state. We didnt hear that before. The americans didnt know palestine and whats going on there. But now, many protests are held in the us a daily basis in solidarity with the palestinian people. In britain also dozens of propalestine protests have been held. A week ago, 100 protests took place across the world in a single day to show support for the palestinian nation and to call for a cease fire for the establishment of a palestinian state. That change occurred because of the alaaxo flood operation. That was the impact of the alaa flood on the world. We changed the minds of the people in the entire world, especially the west. So there is a change and many countries now call of for the establishment of a palestinian state. Many countries want to unilaterally recognize a palestinian state, and the Israeli Regime opposes that and insists on negotiations. We tried those negotiations for more than 20 years since the oslo accords. Have been negotiating, but to no avail, the world has recognized that the occupation is the problem, and not the palestinian people. Then the alaxo flood changed the perspectives and concepts. Now the entire world looks at the palestinian nation with admiration and of respect. When foreign woman sees a man saying, thank god while he is attending the of funeral of his slain son, she begins thinking about what push that man to thank god in such circumstance, and begins reading the quran and getting familiar with. The religion of islam, hundreds of people have converted to islam due to the palestinian steadfastness in the face of the oppression, then alaxo flood of changed the peoples perspectives, their feelings towards the palestinian people, and also changed their policies with countries calling for the establishment of a palestinian state, that didnt exist before of of the alaxa flood operation, so the alax flood operation was beneficial to the palestinian cause. Thank you very much for being with us here in hidden files, sheikh talal abdul rahman sharim, former prisoner of the Israeli Regime and the head. The prisoners files for hamas, i appreciate you being with us. Thank you viewers for being with us on another hidden files. Im marza hashimi and hope to see you right here next time. Goodbye. In the streets of the gaza strip which was suffocating under wave of profound sadness, hopes of getting a loaf of bread turned into funeral processions and sorrow. On the morning that followed the dreadful flower massacre, families buried their hungry marttered children, as arab aircrafts didnt hesitate to replay the same aerial drop theater, dropping the packages this time inside zyonist israeli settlements of the gaza enclave. Is there anything more humiliating and denigrating against a genocide stricken and started people . If aid was the real reason behind the sheraid, then sain people who wanted to help should have opened the rafah board. Allowing a trucks into gaza and handing them over to international or local entities responsible for distributing them to the starving people bait in the form of aid in gaza this week on the media stream. Whats going on everyone . Al here back with a brand new episode of iran t and were picking up where were left off last week where we headed inside uh terron Research Reactor and got really up close and personal with the core of the reactor and talked about how it works, how the fuel of the reactor is procured and how the whole thing works and Everything Else in between, but this week were not talking about how it works but rather how to take advantage of what happens within the core of the reactor, so as the nuclear fision occurs within the core of the reactor and the nuclear bombardment also happens uh the neutron bombardment also. Happens, what do we do with those neutrons . Now specifically for this weeks episode were talking about how we can actually angle these neutrons and get beam out of them to use it for. Imaging purposes, because while we have Imaging Systems such as xray, which does, which works really well when it comes to denser material such as our bones, this is why we use xray for imaging our bone structure, but this is rather complementary Imaging System, neutron radiography, it works a lot better when it comes to uh lighter, less dense material such as water or leaves or the flow of water within a plant, this is where. Uh neutron radiography complements xray imaging uh so uh without any further ado lets head back into the Research Reactor and see how neutron radiography works within the neutron imaging laboratory. So we are at tehran Research Reactor which has been in operation since the year 1967 uh and in fact just few days ago it celebrated its 56th year of operation now into the 57th so this is a Research Reactor which means that it has to operate a maximum uranium enrichment level of 20 . Now there are lower uranium enrichment levels that are used for different purposes for example in Nuclear Power plants in boucher which operates a uranium enrichment level of 4 . Sense to create electricity, but this one for Research Purposes, the limit is 20 given by the International Atomic energy organization, so these researches also include a medical and industrial use cases, so for the medical aspect of things, we have uh radio isotopes that are being made at the core of the reactor, so we have luticium 177, we also have iodine therapy which the radio isotope for these radio therapeutical uh is uh made at the core of the reactor right here at the 7 meter depth of this light water pool, but then theres the industrial side of things, there are different equipment such as beam tubes which were going to be checking out in a little bit uh so with these beamtubes we can actually uh converge or or use the beam of electrons, the beam of neutrons that are created in the core of the reactor to accomplish various tasks and one of which is neutron radiography so im going to be going down s is a little bit closer to the core of the reactor to talk more about neutron radiography, how it works, but first lets hear a little bit more about these bean tubes and how they work. Beamtubes are an integral part of nuclear Research Reactors. They provide path for the neutrons that are being released from within the core to go to experimental facilities. Theyre also submerged in the pool. Along with the reactor itself, for safety of the operators of the reactor against contamination. A number of these beam tubes penetrate the wall of the pool to find their way into the research facilities. These tubes are either kept as vacuum tube are filled with inert gases such as helium to suppress activation along the neutron path. Each neutron particle released from the core as a result of Nuclear Fission of uranium 235 with. To 20 enrichment has a certain amount of energy on release, that amount is roughly two megaelectron volts that consistently goes down as the neutrons hit Hydrogen Atoms in the water and lose part their energy on each impact, and as the energy level goes down, the speed of neutrons come down with it, so the water acts as what we call moderator. The significance of the speed of neutrons will make sense in a bit. So now lets talk about what actually happens inside the beamtubes. Theres a small aperture within the beamtube at the opening the colimeter. The aperture is made up of a combination of lead and bismith which Work Together to shield the colimator against most the gamma rays that are also emited during nuclear fishing. This will prove important later. So now that the neutrons of a variety of different speeds and Energy Levels have entered through this tiny aperture go through the boral walls of the collimater. Borall as inmate from the element borium. Theres also cadmium linings in the walls which combine with borium and lead act to absorb fast neutrons which havent yet lost much speed and energy and the cult neutrons which have lost too much speed and energy. What they let pass through is thermal neutrons with an energy level of roughly 20. 5 milli electron volts. Just for reference, one electron volt is the equivalent of 1 over 10 to the power of 19 joules. Another thing that the colimator does. Is that it turns the tiny opening for the flow of neutrons into a bigger, more operational surface area with a diameter of 25 cm, and thats what beamtubes are and how they work. So were downstairs now, closer to the core of the reactor and that is one of the beamtubes that is currently not being used, but is left out for possible future projects that would take advantage. Of this bean tube for any kind of Research Purpose uh so there are eight bean tubes in total, two of which are called through tubes, which weirdly enough actually doesnt go through the core of the reactor, the other six, they collude with the core of the reactor and theyre taking the neutrons that are resulted uh by the neutron fision within the core of the reactor, but the the two uh through tubes, theyre meant for uh some specific Research Purposes and the only. Difference is that they have lower rate of gamma rays within them, so they have some Certain Applications that were not going to get into today uh, but for now lets uh move a little bit to the left where we are actually using one of these beamtubes uh for neutron radiography. The subject of this weeks episode of iran tick is behind this 60 cm thick concrete wall inside the neutron imaging laboratory. At the Atomic Energy organization of iran very close to the core the reactor, its a kind of Imaging System known as neutron radiography that has some very specific use Case Scenarios where xray imaging just doesnt cut it. Turn into this weeks episode to see how neutron radiography works. Okay, this is literally the closest we can possibly get to the core of the reactor, its just like a couple meters behind this wall uh but its inactive right now so we we should be good uh but when the reactor is activated and when we want to do the imaging, this shutter which acts as a shield against the neutron bombardment that is coming out of the beam tube will go up so the beam of neutrons will hit whatever is on this desk our object of interest and then uh however many neutron particles go through it will be picked up by the sintilator and the sensor that is inside this Imaging System. I cant show the inside of this Imaging System because it has to be dark inside, but i can show it with with some visual aids, lets review what we had behind the shutter at the end of the beamtube first, we have beam of thermal neutrons with a specific range of energy of around 25 millielectron volts, not much lower and not much higher, because they would result in noise in the final radiography image. Weve also filtered out gamma rays at the opening of the colimeter so as not to damage our image sensors, which are vulnerable to gamma rays. Once the shutter goes up, the neutrons will pass through the object that we want to radiograph, and some them will be absorbed while lot of them will pass through it, the same way that xray scans work. Now we need to map the neutrons we have passed through a film or a sensor. This is where two distinct imaging processes can be used. The more our rudimentary form is using a photosensitive film layer, but of course regular film isnt sensitive to neutron bombardment, so we need it attached to the back of what we call a converter. A converter layer that releases electrons upon neutron impact. Film is sensitive not only to photons ie visible light or xray, but they also happen to be sensitive to electrons, but they must be kept within a tiny dark. Room of sorts so that room light doesnt interfere with imaging. The converter layer, by the way, is made from the element gatelenium, but the method used in this lab is more sophisticated and allows not only for 2d radio graphs, but 3d rendered reconstruction the object as well. The similarity is that again, digital seamos camera sensors are insensitive to neutrons, so the neutron beam passing through the object, must be translated to some sort of visible light. Instead of gatiliumbased converter, we have a cintilator plate made up of a combination of zinc sulphide and lithium fluoride. The lithium absorbs the neutrons and releases alpha rays, which are absorbed by the zinc sulfide and turned into photons i. E visible light. But a very minuscule amount of visible light that only ultra low noise cameras can pick. Cup with very high isos and the tens of thousands. Theres a periscopic element here as well, so as not to expose the camera sensor to the small amount of gamma rays. That have seeped through the system and inside the beam, and because our sensor is digital and can take multiple photos, it allows us to create 3d images of objects as well, like the example youre seeing on the screen right now. The importance of having only thermal neutrons and nothing faster or slower is that, well put simply a different Energy Levels, they would result in a wider variety of visible light production which negatively. Effects accuracy and thats how neutron radiography works. One of the many applications of Nuclear Industry is radiography. This can be done with both x and gamma photons or with neutrons. Normally we use x and gamma photons in radiography. However, there are some limitations to this method, especially for lighting materials with a low atomic. Number such as hydrogenated and carbonated materials as well as very heavy materials with a high atomic number such as Nuclear Fuels like uranium. In addition to that, radioactive imaging cant be done with xrays and gamma rays. Neutron radiography can be used to resolve all these three limitations and can complement industries in this case. Neutron radiography has various applications. It is used in archaeology and Energy Industry as well as in checking the quality of turbine blades, regarding imaging, we have been able to get quite good results here in Research Reactor of tehran. In 2019, we started a project here to initiate neutron Imaging System. Up to now, we have been able to successfully conduct various methods of neutron radiography such as film radiography, digital radiography, radiography as neutron tomography, and also nuclear fuel radiography in this reactor. Throughout the world, there are about 50 Research Reactors capable of conducting neutron radiography out of which there are almost 10 reactors with high quality imaging that is used in a wide range of applications. In tehran reactor, we have been doing our best to get closer to these top 10 reactors by creating high Quality Images and utilize this reactor in a wide range of applications. One of the benefits that come with having such a Research Reactor is that countries in the region who wants to study material, they can actually bring their objects in to study it using this neutron radiography system and also the reactor as a whole if they want irradiate a substance for whatever usage, maybe a medical usage or industrial usage, they can bring their substance irradiated at the core of the reactor and take it back and use it where they want to, so its definitely one of. Benefits and one of the plans uh for the making of this Research Reactor as a whole and uh with that said weve come to the end of this edition, i thank you very much for watching, ill see you next week. The 12th round of the parliamentary elections were held in iran. Have winds of change already started blowing . Will the country have new parliament with new configuration and new priorities . These and more on this edition of iran today in the midst of the war between the arab and israel, june 8th, 1967, un identified attackers target a Us Navy Warship in the mediterranean. Operation, if i had about it, if i had so, what was it . I suggest we stop the interview here, what do you say . Why you wanted . The attack on the liberty was part of a covert operation by the cia and musad to destroy the power of Arab Military forces. In the sixth day war against israel. Stay with press tv as we take a look at evidence from this operation and listen to iwitness accounts. This week on expos a, although aaron bischnell explicitly stated that his actions were a protest. Against the zionist entities genocide of palestinians, western media misreports his motivation as a protest against the israeli hamas war. A debunked article claiming that hamas sexually assaulted palestinian women during the alaqsa flood operation causes controversy for the New York Times and propalestinian activists praise bushnell as a hero who succeeded in bringing attention to the calamity and genocide suffered by the palestinian people. Right here on expose. The truth is just a revelation away. Is Climate Change real . Is smoking cigarettes really hazardous . Do ddt insecticides really work against malaria mosquitoes . For decades, companies have hard scientists to sew seeds of doubt among people and keep them perplexed. This way they can keep excreting oil, producing cigarettes and many other things without a nuisance. Watch the details in this documentary. The Israeli Occupation demonstrates its hatred on houses of the lord. This mask was reduced to rubble by f16 warjet. Their weight led to the destruction of the houses around the mask, causing the fall of martters and injuries amongst neighbors of the mosk. The palestinians did not stand on the romans the masks idly, but they created temporary masks that dont protect them from neither the cold of winter nor the heat of the summer. While the camp one step going on. That that side more, but we have this, so as i mentioned the whole needs now, no, were really great, yeah. No mas petro, no mas petro, estamos cansados de que en el gobierno nefasto de gustavo. Tonight on expose, western media inactly described the reason behind Aaron Bushnells actions as a protest on the israeli hamas war, despite him stating it was to protest the genocide of palestinians at the hands of the designist entity. Now the New York Times is embroiled in controversy over a discredited article claiming hamas sexually assaulted a zianist settler during the alaqsa flood. Operation and bushnel hailed as hero receiving praise from many propalestinian activists who saw his extreme act of protest as success in drawing attention to the genocide and suffering of the palestinian people. Welcome to expose