People are demonstrating across south america people. Theyre calling for an end to corruption, social inequality. Some are alleging election fraud. Bolivias s president hahas aly been t toppled. Venezuelas is in the midst of a power struggle. And in chile, hundreds of thousands ofeople are demandining constitutitional d economicic reform, as s well a higher basic wage and affordab althth car reporter the trade union flag that francisco is carrying is wellworn. It has been carried aloft at every strike of valparaisos port workers. Tattered though the flag may be, it could now be leading the workers into a new future. Francisco president pinera has to go. Its going to be difficult, but well succeed. I am marching for my children. They are still young, and i want them to have a better future, to have the chance to go to college and find a good job. Reporter conservative president Sebastian Pinera is the target of the peoples anger. His probusiness policies have led to stronong economic growt. But many people have been left behind. Income inequality is high. A program of extensive privatization since the early 1980s has seen prices soar for many services. Erich pinera out. Patricia no more pinera. Reporter erich, patricia, and their son santiago live on a hillside overlooking the bay of valparaiso. The old town is a unesco World Heritage site that is popular with tourists. Still, life is tough for many people here, and there has been coconsiderable unrest. Even middleclass professionals like erich and patricia, who are architects, can hardly make ends meet. Papatricia a fifth of what we earn each month goes on our private medical insusurance. But if youou fall seriously il, you have to pay more on top to get treaeated. Our son was sick, and we had to spend two weeks income on his treatment. In chile, health is not a right, but a privilege. Reporter one factor behind a declining birth rate is the fact that life has become so expensive. Patricia and erich say they doubt they will have any more children. Erich having only one child means we can truly provide for him. A good school that we have to pay for, good hehealth care tht we have to pay for. We can afford that with one child, but with two or three it would be very difficult. Reporter such basic choices are constrained by the Economic Conditions in chile. Many people feel they have no power over their own lives, and are subject to a harsh and unjust system. Erich is also a painter, and uses art to express his feelings. Erich my paintings show this explplosion. The colors are in part translucent and in part opaque. You dont know whats going on behind them. The red stands for the shots that have been fired. People have been killed. I feel anger and anxiety. These feelings need to find expression. What we are seeing on the streets is a rebellion. Reporter the colors of rebellion. This anger is also visible in the capital santiago. Protesters have posted photos of some of those killed during the unrest. They blame the police. Some protesters have also committed acts of violence, torching shops and bus stops. Rocks and rubble are used as makeshift weapons. Crews are meant to remove them before the next demonstration, but rarely manage to keep pace. In valpararaiso, most demonstrations h have been peaceful, though there have been violent clashes there, too. At a bar near the harbor, carousing soon gives way to calls of pinera must go, the main rallying cry, and we demand reforms and a new constitution. At the counter, we meet francisco, whos here with his dockworker colleague, martin. Martin we need new politicians who come from our social class and understand our lives. Francisco we are angry. Everythings getting moree expensive. People have to take ouout loas just to get by. How can families feed theieir children if two incomes still arent enough . Reporter it is a common problem. Protestors blame neoliberalism and privatization. Services and goods are expensive, wages and pensions are low. Up the hill, we witness an example of grassroots democratic initiative. An open cabildo, or council, is rather like a townhall meeting. Its a Traditional Institution in parts of south america, and is now enjoyoying a revival he. Santiago we want to createa better chile, starting with this kind of micropolitics. We want to initiate the process of drafting a new constitution. It shouldnt be some grand document written by others. It should be generated by the people. Reporter patricia and erich are also at the meeting. They say its time to show solidarity. Patricia weve been focused on living our own lives for too long, oblivious to whats going on around us. Thats what neoliberalism has done to us. We have to change that. Reporter the constitution enshrines this economic model and the primacy of private property. The prospect of a sudden aboutturn is slim. But the concessions on pensions and taxes offered so far by the government have not satisfied the protestors. They are demanding more fundamental changes to the system. Prosperity for all, thats their dream. Host inadequate healthcare is a big concern in many places around the world. According to the world health organization, a third of all countries have less than one doctor for every 1000 residents. That leaves half of the global population with no access to decent medical care. The situation is particularly pertinent when it comes to fighting hivaids. In africa alone, 26 Million People are hiv positive, twothirds of the worlds cases. But one entrepreneur in south africas cape town is determined to revolutionize the continents health care system. Reporter Ernest Darkoh lives in cape town, south africa. He has an md and a masters in Public Health from harvard, and an mba from oxford. But he always knew he wanted to work in africa. Ernest we are literally one of the most richest and vibrant continents you can imagine, right . And alththough i technically dot have what i callll a home couny in africa, because i have moved around my whole life, i really do feel africa as a whole is my home, and i am a product of africa. And this is really a place where i feel like i am in my element and i can make the biggest difference. Reporter darkoh is visiting a new clinic for transgender patients. Hes an expert in Public Healthcare management. His company, broadreach, is helping the clinic optimize its operations. Many of the patients are or hahe been sex workers. Many are hiv positive. There is still a lot of stigma attached to transgender in south africa, and healthcare has been sparse. But here, both patients and staff are accepted for who they are. Gigita i choose to loveve ane truly to myself and not fit into your box. I decicided, and i chosese tot out of the box and just be me, and let me be a transgenender woman, thats me. And if you dont like it, get back into your box and see if you are going to be comfortable in that box. Reporter many transgender People Struggle to survive. There is an urgent need for access to care and counseling. Igshaan their families have abanandoned them, their communy has abandonened them. So there is no support from anybody. And a lot of them say when we go to the community, we do outreach, they say that yes, there is an hiv program, we do need the serviceces, the Healthcare Services, but can we start with us as a human being, you know, me as wanting to be a female . Reporter broadreach will analyze patient data from the clinic in order to establish what issues have to be addressed. Ernest it is critical for us to always be able to focus on populations that have the most need and to bring our services to bear for them to make a tangible difference in their lives. I always feel like if we are not helping those who are the most hardly done by, the most marginalized from services, then we are actuaually not doing or job as a company. Reporter transgender people are just one of several constituencies that are marginalized and hard done by. Unemployment is around 30 overall, and 55 for young people in south africa. The World Bank Says its the country with the highest level of economic inequality in the world. While the constitution says healthcarere is a basic right, e Public Healthcare system that serves the vast majority of the population is sorely overstretched. Hivaids, for example, continues to be a a major problem. Ernest the usa has one Million People with hiv. One million. South africa, eight million. Kwazulu natal alone, 3. 4 million. So meaning one province in south africa has three times the amount of hiv than the whole of the usa. Reporter Ernest Darkoh is convinced that better data can help Optimize Health care. For example, if a district knows how many residents are hiv positive, they w will know wht medications will be needed. Ernest when youou think aboutu, its all again about data and your ability to receive that data, and when you dont have this data available, in essence you have failures of care, and largely speaking across the african continent at the moment, you have massive, massive failures of care. Reporterer broadreach uses Artificial Intelligence in its mission to strengthen and deliver Healthcare Services to underserved populations. It has grown fast, and now advises governments, donors, implementers, and the private sector. Ernest when i look at the scale of our organanization right no, it sometimes feels quitete unbebelievable, bebecause whee started it, literally it was just us founders and a volunteer, and we finally won our first contract and we were able to pay the volunteer who became our first employee, and then now fast forward from 2003 to now, 2019, and wewere over 1200 people. So, it is quite the enterprise at the moment. Reporter poverty and social inequality are exacerbated by inefficient healthcare management. In the right hands, big data can help make medical care more efficient and treat more patients across africa. Host brazil is home to the Worlds Largest rainforest. Its wellbeing is essential for our planets climate and biodiversity. But cattle are a major threat. There were just under 215 million of them in brazil in 2018. Cattle farming is responsible for 80 of brazils deforestation. And the destruction has accelerated this year. Brazil is the worlds biggest beef producer. Last year, the south american nation exported 1. 64 million tons of it. Most of brazils cattle are found in mato grosso. Thats where a sustainable alternative is most desperately needed. Reporter this is a daily pastime for these youngsters, herding cattle, or mescher com boi as they call it. Theyve grown up with the animals. Cattle breeding is king here in this region. Alta floresta, a municipality in the north of the brazilian state of mato grosso, is located in the amazon biome, and its cowboy country. Many locals say that 30 years ago, there was nothing here. By nothing, they mean rainforest. Since then, they have opened the land for development, and theyre proud of that. Thiago they came here with the governments encouragement. They were encouraged to deforest, encouraged to cultivate the land. Then new laws were passed, and they were told they couldnt clear the forest anymore. First theyre supposed to cut down the trees, now theyre supppposed to reforest some are. That change of course has led to conflict. Reporter this conflict is a rereality acrossss much of thehe regigion. The soil on n many far i is no long produducte enoughgho support cattle. One w rerequir a hececta of land. Thats land that doesnt go toward feeng people,nd the environmtal cost ihigh. Wi the fort gone, e cattle ro freely,estroyinthe remaing vegetaon and polling the rings. Urent t situati here is coletely bkward. This area should never have come under cultivation. N. Its under permanent nature conservation. There shouldnt be any cattle here, and it should nener have been deforested. This is how it looks on most farms in the area, because this is how the animals get access to water. Thats why we want to bring the water to the cattle rather than ththe cattle to the wawater. Reporter laurent micols company pecsa aims to transform cattle ranching here in compliance with environmental laws. He and his partners came up with the idea, and its urgently needed. It all startrt three years ago on thiraranch. The soil has been replisished, and eres s a w producucon model. L. It i iolves fencedin paddocks, rotationalal grazing, anand, t importanantly, a new s sourcef water and a specl cattle feed. Owowner celslso belaqwput hiss faith in micol, the environmental conservationist, as many here view him. The experiment paid off. Now the ranch can sustain 3500 head of cattle, a larger herd on much less land. And theyre ready for slaughter after just two years. Laurent this is how the cattle management works. When the grass has reached a height of about one meter or 80 centimeters, we let the cattle into the paddock. They eat the best part of the grass, thehe leafy part at the top. After two or three daysys,e close that paddock and open the gate to the next one, where the grass has reached the optimal height. Reporter in the meantime, the other pasturure areas can recov. This system is easier on the soil. The farmers also grow a different type of grass than is usual for the region. Mombasa grass is rich in protein, but requires the grazing cattle to be rotated regularly. Celso its changed a lot. The entire area you see here was totally degraded. For 25 years all we e did was exploit the land, until it could hardlyly produce anything anymo. Through the partnership with pecsa, weeve turned it intoa flourishing garden for t the cattle. And productivity has increased a lot. Its practically quauadrupled. Reporter the land aunund the spsprings and onon the river m s hahas been refororted. In some e cases, even n more n ththe law demandnds, accordino mil. Water for the cattle is now piped to the pastures from the basin. Improved Water Quality also helps increase yield. The rehabilitated soil can take up more co2. And the modified fodder means the cattle produce less methane. Pecsas Business Model aims to reap both environmenta otecectionnd prorofi. The compmpany helps inincrease yiyields, and inin return receca large share of the surplus for six years. Soil remediationon is expense. Itequires seraral pass witith heavavy machinery y and lare quantitieses of nutrientnt the addeded lime alone a amouno one toton per hectarare. Laururent the ranches are bi. Were not talking about farms of 10 or 20 hectares. We are talking here about ranches of 700 hectares and more. That quiuickly brirings costso about 1. 5 million reais, more than 300,000 euros. Thats a sum that momo ranchers cant cocome up with on their o. Reporter what happens then . Ranchers who cant afford to invest such large sums risk going under. And that makes them easy prey for the soybean lobby. Its an increasing presence in the region and benefits from the current Political Climate in the country. The focus of this event bringing together producecers and politicians is expanding the agricultural front. In his speech, the district chairman says the region takes great pride in its potential for growth. He says alta f fresta was once a city of gold prorospectors and loggers. Now it has bececome a centeref cattle ranching. And finally, agribusiness is moving in, too, he says. The widespread view here still isis that only deforested lands productive land. D. Forests s cost tax mononey and t bring in big yields. Thpepecsa fodersrs taka pragmac approa. They don expect forestatn to happen on a grand scale here. But it can succeed on a small scale, and chip away at entrenched beliefs. Thiago our main argument in favor of reforestation is the protectionon of water sources. What use is a cattle ranch if you have no water on your land . Thats a strong argument to win them over. Reporter the idea is that its better to preserve the regions cattle ranches. If they shut down, new ranches will crop up elsewhere, and that will bring more deforestation. Livestock farming doesnt look set to disappear anytime soon. Laurent many forecasts indicate that global beef consumption will continue to rise for decades to come. That production has to come from somewhere. All the studies suggest that the place with the greatest potential for meeting this demand is brazil, and the amazon regionon. So, wewe have a cho. Where do we produce . We say it should be done on land thats already been deforested. And on those areas, we can increase productivity by a factor of two, three, seven, or even 10. Reporter in the amazon alone, there are an estimated 12 million hectares of degraded pasture land. That offers lots of potential for sustainable and profitable land management. Host from brazils maledominated cattle industry, we now shift to the traditionally male preserve of football. In egypt, however, ever more women are taking to the pitch. Reporter they are strong, quick, nimble, and controversial. The female footballers of the pegasus club. The teams coach, rama guweily, played for the Egyptian National team. She says the experience was often rough. Rama no one said anything nice when i was on the national team. When we trained, we played against the boys. It was l like a war. If i outsmarted one of them, they would often foul me. In their view, girls dont outsmart boys, and no boy wanted to be shown up in front of the others. Reporter sedra elghareeb is 14. She has been in the allgirl team for six months. Boys are not welcome here. It is not just the boys who sometimes get agitated about girls and women playing football. Sedra my mother had a hard time accepting it. She wanted me to stick with tennis. But i was really determined to play football. Reporter sedra lives in a leafy suburb of cairo, quite different from the congested and dusty city. Her brother encouraged her to play football, but he doesnt think she is a pro quite yet. Mohammed shes ok, but shes better at tennis. Shes played it longer than shes played football. Rereporter sedras mother has changed her mind and is now a passionate advocate of womens football. She says its not only good for the body. Nashwa my daughter has become more sociable. She knows how toto deal with people now. Not everyone on a team is the same. Everybodys different. She knows when to joke and when to be serious. The way shshe talks has change. Reporter egyptian soccer star mo salah is sedras hero. She loves to watch mens football. The african cup is her favavore competition, even if egypt didnt make it into the finals this year. Sedra men are a bit better thtn womemen becaususe they tend toy a lot mo