Laphonza butler is sworn in to replace the late democratic senator from california Dianne Feinstein. What to know about the history making appointment. And former secretary of state Hillary Clinton weighs in on the state of american politics and the growing gop calls to halt aid for ukraine. I dont understand any american siding with putin but we have seen and we have heard it and we have to fight against it. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by. The ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. And friends of the newshour, including kathy and Paul Anderson and camilla and george smith. Pediatric surgeon, volunteer, topiary artist, a raymondjames Financial Advisor tailors advice to help you lift your life. Live wellplanned. The john s and james r. Knight foundation. More at kf. Org. And with the ongoing support of these individuals and since institutions. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Welcome to the newshour. For the first time in this nations history the house of representatives has formerly ousted its speaker. I handful of hard right republicans in every democrat voted together to remove the gavel from speaker Kevin Mccarthy. Lawmakers from both parties spoke on the house floor ahead of the final vote. Chaos is speaker macarthur. Chaos is somebody who we cannot trust with their word. The one thing that the white house, house democrats, and many of us on the conservative side of the Republican Congress would argue is that the thing we have in common Kevin Mccarthy said something to all of us at one point are not or another that he never intended to live up to. This body is entrenched in a sub optimal path and refuses to leave it. Refuses to leave that path. You cannot change if you are unwilling to change. We had every opportunity to change. We were promised change. With the democrats driving the physical bus off the cliff at 100 miles an hour, we cannot be content that slows it down to to be the party that slows it down to 95 to sit in the front seat. Our current debt is unsustainable. We need a speaker, ideally somebody who does not want to be speaker and hasnt pursue that at all costs for his entire adult life who will meet the moment and do Everything Possible to fight for the country. Were proud of the leadership he has shown, we are proud of the manner in which she has been willing to work with everybody in our conference and i believe in this chamber. There is a second group. Small group. Honestly, theyre willing to plunge this body into chaos in this country into uncertainty for reasons that only they really understand. I can tell you this motion is a terrible idea. Only as the only member who took every chance to vote against Speaker Boehner and speaker ryan, this chamber has been run better. It has been messy. Its been raucous. At times, it has been chaotic. God bless every minute of it. Because democracy is supposed to be hard. And because the alternative is a closeddoor process where 2000 page bills come out of the Speakers Office at midnight and are forced to the next morning. Todays move came nine months to the day since mccarthy lost his first vote to become speaker. Congressional correspondent Lisa Desjardins has been watching all of this unfold on capitol hill. Take us through this vote and tell us what is the status of the house of representatives right now without a speaker . Lisa california congressman Kevin Mccarthy, as he is now known, his long run of aerial feats to survive in his own caucus has ended tonight. As the house voted on 216210 vote to oust him. The motion has only ever come up once before and it failed that time. The idea is that the house declared the speakership was vacant. Now, how this happened came down to two things. The math and the small group determined to get rid of mccarthy. Eight Republicans United together to oust him. If you look at their faces, those eight are mainly conservatives with one exception, nancy mays, in a swing district, a vulnerable republican. I spoke with her after this on the steps a short while ago. Why did she do this . What did she think about the risk she is taking by putting the house in lembo . She said, i feel like the house was in chaos with kevin mcafee. Mccarthy. He broke his promise and did not come through with for women. Another conner smith said he voted no for a number of things, including a matter of character. Mccarthy made fun of his religion, his call for prayer. This was personal as well as political for everyone on the list. It is fair to say it had been a tumultuous nine months for Kevin Mccarthy in the role of House Speaker. What is driving the apparent dysfunction within the House Republican conference . Lisa the math is an issue, it is a slim five vote majority the republicans have. That said, democrat seven able to govern with that. I thought about what is underneath this. First of all, as you heard and the tape from today, spending. That is driving a lot of these conservatives are they feel that mccarthy is has not gone far enough to cut spending and underneath all of this is a clear distrust of Kevin Mccarthy. His relationships, his lack of relationships is really hurting him now. In addition to that, there are other factors. One of those and you think about is a push for partisanship. Some of those who wanted amount, think that Kevin Mccarthy should not have tried to work with democrats to keep government open. That is a factor in our government beyond Kevin Mccarthy, and he is being punished for it right now. The last thing i will say is President Trump who did call for a Government Shutdown for you he has been someone who has injected into the Republican Party the idea that not only is destruction safe but good. He is encourage conservatives like this to try and challenge institutions, including the head of the house of the representatives itself. One other thing. Democrats had the option of saving Speaker Mccarthy today but also it comes down to relationships. They said, that he has attacked them , lied, they came out of their meeting this morning saying no way are we going to save him. You mentioned relationships. There is no obvious successor, someone that you can unite the fractious Republican Party. What comes next . The country is headed toward yet another government funding deadline on november 17. What does that mean for this . First, as i talk to you right now, the house does not have a permanent speaker of the house for the first time in our history. But it does have an acting speaker of the house, patrick mchenry. There is a littleknown statute that came into play after september 11 in which speakers of the house must submit a list to the clerk of who they would like to succeed them in case something happens to them. Patrick met henry is number one on the list. He is technically the acting speaker right now. He is not in the line of succession. So, what we have here basically is a question mark. How long will it take to get a speaker . Mccarthy would like to run for speaker again, i am told you it i think our viewers can imagine what we maybe in for. A series of votes that we had in january, potentially where mccarthy tries to convince some of those people who voted against him to vote present and allow him somehow to win. That is a longshot for him. And you hit it right on the head. This is all a huge risk for so many parts of government, especially 45 days, this does increase the risk of a shutdown but also it is a problem for ukraine, for the money that ukraine is waiting to get, hoping to get as its it fights with pressure. And a problem with taiwan. The domino effects are massive. I think we are going to be following this, talking about this a lot. So many things, impeachment is something rare but we have never seen a vote like this in u. S. History. Absolutely. Lisa desjardins reporting from capitol hill on the house vote that resulted in the ouster of Kevin Mccarthy as House Speaker. Thank you. You are welcome. Sauer west. Updating our our top story. Representative Kevin Mccarthy and informed his republican colleagues this evening that he will not run for House Speaker again. The house will not reconvene until next tuesday, and republicans hope to hold elections for speaker the following day. In the days other news, hunter biden plead not guilty to charges that he lied about drug use when he bought a handgun in 2018 p the president s son said nothing as he left the courtroom after his arraignment this morning. His lawyer said they hope to get the case dismissed on constitutional grounds. An earlier plea deal for biden fell through last summer. A state judge in new york imposed a limited gag order on former President Trump at his trial for alleged business fraud. That came after he disparaged one of the judges law clerks online. Today mr. Trump spent a second day of the defense table. State prosecutors began making the case that he and his company have routinely overstated his wealth and assets. Jury selection has opened in new york in the federal fraud trial of sam bankmanfried. The former billionaire founded ftx, the now defunct cryptocurrency exchange. He looked on with his lawyers today as the court began questioning prospect of jurors. He has pleaded not guilty to defrauding thousands of customers. President biden sought to reassure allied leaders today about the u. S. Commitment to ukraine. He convened a Conference Call days after congress removed funding for kyiv. The White House National security Spokesman John Kirby says none of the leaders voiced any concerns. They understand what is going on from capitol hill. They understand that this is a small minority of extreme republicans that are holding us up, and they understand that the bulk of republican leadership, house and the senate, support ukraine. The white house is warning that any lapse in u. S. Support will only embolden russia. In pakistan, the government has ordered anyone in the country illegally to leave by november 1 or face arrest and expulsion. That includes more than 1. 7 million afghans. Many have been in pakistan for decades, and they say the new policy is unjust. If we are forced to leave pakistan, we will leave, but it is our right to remain in pakistan under islamic law as well as under democratic norms. 40 years is a very long time. There should be justice. There is no precedent of expelling people who have been living for 40 years in a country. Todays announcement follows suicide bombings that police blame on afghan militants. The attacks have strained relations between pakistan and the taliban government in afghanistan. Police in turkey detained nearly 1000 people today in the wake of a suicide bombing in ankara that wounded two policemen. Raids were carried out in 16 provinces. Those arrested including dozens of people with alleged ties to the outlawed ppk, a kurdish insurgent group. Tonight, turkey also launched fresh airstrikes against ppk targets in iraq. A trio of european scientists have claimed this years nobel prize in physics for producing the first glimpse of hyper fast electrons. Piere agostini, used laser pulses to track movements that happened in one quintillion of a second. Kraus spoke today near munich. We captured very quickly in realtime processes that are happening in the microscopic world, just as you photograph a formula 1 racing car as it runs to the finish line. You need a camera with a very short exposure time. This is the concept we used for the fastest movements that happen in nature outside the atomic nucleus which is a movement of electrons. The research could lead to breakthroughs in a wide variety of fields from medical to developing electronics. A new Jersey Appeals Court has tossed out a verdict of 222 million against Johnson Johnson over claims that its talc powder cause cancer or the lower court should have barred some of the testimony. Johnson johnson is facing more than 3000 related lawsuits. Still to come on the newshour, the role californias newest senator could play in congress. Also, despite sanctions, a u. S. Based company sold machinery that russia is using in its war against ukraine. His new book on how Abraham Lincoln succeeded in a divided united states. This is the pbs newshour, from weta studios in washington and in the west from the Walter Cronkite school of journalism at Arizona State university. Former secretary of state clinton is once again professor Hillary Clinton. As a professor of practice at columbia universitys newly launched institute of global politics. Shes teaching alongside the dean, who said their focus is inspiring future Foreign Policy leaders and thinkers to collaborate around solving the worlds most pressing problems. What we want to see is a next generation of leaders that they know, they understand how to lead in a polarized society, because they will feel that they got the skills here to learn, to disagree with one another respectfully. To persuade to build consensus, to really listen and question their own assumptions. That is what leadership will look like in the future. I spoke with secretary clinton in an exclusive interview this morning about her new role that bridges the world of academic and public service. Secretary clinton, thank you for egging time for us. Thank you. Good to talk to you. It was a 1970s when you are left a professor at the university of arkansas law school. What is it like to be back in the classroom and what was the intention behind taking on this new role . First of all, it is incredibly exciting. And i was offered this opportunity to be a professor here at columbia university, and i was very intrigued, because having been in the senate, having been secretary of state, having traveled millions of miles, i want to know what was on young peoples minds and what they were thinking about the world. I also wanted to find out if there were more effective ways in talking about the challenges that we confront, whether it is the war in ukraine or Climate Change, whatever it might be. And i thought there could not be a better way than to stand up in front of 375 young people every week with my coteacher, the dean of the school to really figure out what kids are thinking, what young people worry about. It helps me understand how young people are thinking about these issues, because i will tell you, before i started teaching, i kept hearing they did not want to talk about difficult subjects, they wanted trigger warnings. I havent seen any of that. This is been a very thoughtful and, for me, enriching experience. Your course is focused on Foreign Policy. When you were secretary state, you focus a lot on asia. And the growing threat that china presented. Now we see the Biden Administration trying to contain china, trying to develop more and stronger relationships in the indo pacific, calling for greater stability in the region. What is your assessment of the threat that china poses as it amasses more military and scientific technological strength . I think it poses potential a ry great threat. First and foremost in its region, starting with taiwan but not ending there. Clearly china has demonstrated an aggressive approach, and they have, as you said, invested a lot of money in a blue water navy, creating much more capacity. What were hoping is that we can manage the relationship. Yes, we have competition. We will have competition and strategic competition. We should. I mean, there is nothing wrong with that. But we will not tip over by intention or accident into conflict. Much of that depends upon the current chinese leadership. And once a leader decides to stay for life, you know, that is not a good sign. As we talked about americas role in the world, the continued funding and assistance for ukraine is a point of contention on capitol hill. How do you think let er rip putin is eyeing the Vladimir Putin is eyeing the growing political divide . I think he is not only thrilled by the divide over whether we continue and at what levels to find ukraine, i think he is fomenting it as well. Putin and his team that does the kind of interventions, covert a nd overt, aiming to undermine democracy and to suborned political leaders, is a big part of how he sees his role. So, when i see people paroting rushing talking russian talking points that first showed up in a speech from a russian official. That is a big point scored for putin. When i see americans in positions of responsibility talking about how we should not support the people of ukraine. Theyre corrupt. Yeah, they are working very hard to be transparent, and accountable. And talk about corruption there is the master of corruption living in the kremlin. So, there is an ideological and partisan political divide. And i know that the majority of congress is still in favor of supporting ukraine. So we have to get through this period. We have to pass legislation and continue to support. You know, jeff, this fight is our fight. Honestly, i dont understand any american siding with putin but we have seen it and heard and we have to fight against it. As we talk about congress there is an effort by Republican Congress and matt gaetz to oust House SpeakerKevin Mccarthy pic does the Speaker Mccarthy, does he deserve to keep his job as speaker and should democrats help bail him out . Im going to let Hakeem Jeffries and his caucus decide that. But i was pleasantly surprised that the speaker did the right thing. When he made common cause with, as we like to say those grownup members of his own Republican Caucus and democrats to keep the government open. I would hope that that kind of mature leadership isnt punished by the most extreme members of his caucus. So, how the democrats play this and they have a couple of different options, for them to decide, but i think mccarthy did the right thing for the country. Isnt that a good thing to be able to say . On this matter of extremists within the goip present biden has said that the trump republicans, the maga republicans, are semifascist. There is a growing authoritarian strain on Republican Party. Do you see it that way and what is the best way to remedy that . I do see it that way. And i am not happy about saying that. And i know President Biden was not happy because it sounds so discordant to our ears. How could be growing a kind of authoritarian Political Force inside our country . The people who are the leadership level at the leadership level of that, elected and unelected, are promoting lies and being incredibly divisive. And frankly, being loyal to a wanna be dictator. And how did we get here . Lots of people are writing books about that. But i do know you have to do several things. You have to defeat those people at the polls. Theres nothing more important than sending a resounding message, lets get back to regular politics. You and i can agree or disagree as democrats and republicans from different regions of our countries, different kinds of points of view. Lets get back to having a factbased political discussion where, you know, ok, what do you think about Climate Change and how we deal with it . Or what do you think about our economy and how we grow it . Lets have that kind of discussion. But lets move away from the lies and the personal attacks and the kind of nonsense moves like impeaching joe biden for nothing. Simply because you disagree with him politically. Was in the senate, as you know for eight year. If you have ideas, speaking to the house extremists, if you have ideas about how we should govern our country, do the work you were elected to do. Have committee meetings. Mark up legislation. Take votes. Then work to reconcile what the senate comes up with. That is what used to happen, the so call regular order. Go to work. Dont be walking around, you know, engaging in twitter fights and insults and personal attacks. That is not the way were supposed to govern ourselves. It is no way for a great country to behave. When you say part of the solution lies in defeating those people at the polls, is the bidenharris ticket the best ticket to do that . People ask me all the time, and they asked me, do you think is ages at issue . Of course it is a legitimate issue, but the outcome of the question to me is, ok, thats a factor and lets look at everything else. Maybe people dont want to rebuild our infrastructure and deal with all of our physical decay but i do and joe biden dust. Maybe we do not want to compete with china on building ships factories, advanced manufacturing in this country, but i do. Maybe we do not want to move towards a Clean Energy Future as quickly as i think we need to po. He got that done. By any measure, the accomplishments of the Bidenharris Administration are eye popping, and they are laying the groundwork for a richer, more secure country with more people having an opportunity to go as far as their hard work and talent will take them. And im for them on the merits. But im also for the because the alternative is so dark. And dystopian. To undermine the rule of law, to destroy our institutions, to pull us out of nato, doing put ins bidding, to be unwilling to stand up for the real american values, to put one person above the country. None of that is american. So, i think that bidenharris deserves to be reelected, and i think we have to reelect them given what the alternative is. Whats your assessment of the republican field. Nikki haley says that you inspired her to run for office. And then there is the question of donald trump, four indictments, and yet he is 40 points heads of his nearest rival. Its psychological and emotional. A big part of the Republican Base feels a connection to trump. I still believe sitting here today he will be their nominee, no matter how hard others may try to distinguish themselves. And i think its a very sad commentary on what people are looking for in a leader, because everything that he allegedly stands for is at odds with so much of what has made this country work for a long time, overcome many of our shortcomings and obstacles. It seems almost impossible to break through that 40 that is wedded to to him. We have to do a better job in reaching out to everybody else who is potentially reachable. Talking about what kind of life for the want for themselves, their children and their children, and who is more likely to deliver it . Theres all of these projects being announced all over the country. Donald trump talking about infrastructure and this they never did a thing about it. Joe biden did not talk as much but got it done. So, if you want a good job, if you want a big potential opportunity to grow the area you are in, in rural areas because a lot of these projects are going into areas that have real needs, joe biden has delivered for you. But its the emotional, psychological, cultural connection to someone who really has unfortunately manipulated social media and also some socalled Mainstream Media in a way that people believe what he says to them. And thats hard to break. It is like being in a cult almost. So, i know the republicans running against him are trying very hard. I dont think they are going to be successful, given where we are. So then i think it is imperative on the country to once again defeat trump and elect biden. Final question because i know your time is short. In preparing to stick with you i spoke to some of your supporters, and the question they asked me to ask you is, is she ok . I think what they meant what does she feel fulfilled after the i would imagine the trauma of 2016 . How are you doing . And i appreciate that question because i get asked it all the time toi always say, personally, i am great. I am worried about our country and the world. It always reminds me of what my dear friend and the first woman secretary of state used to say when she would speak about all of the problems we have. She wrote a book called fascism which was a warning to united states, i am talking about madeleine albright. She fled the nazis and the communists and she knows what shes talking about. She would give these very serious talks. And then somebody would say, but secretary albright, are an optimist . Heres what she would saying here is what i now say, yes, i am an optimist who worries a lot. Noted. Secretary state Hillary Clinton, thank you so much for your time and congratulations on the launch of the institute for global politics. Thank you very much. California governor gavin newsom taft Laphonza Butler tapped Laphonza Butler to fill the senate seat held by Dianne Feinstein who died last week. Butler is the president of emilys list, that backs prochoice democratic women. She becomes the second black woman to represent california in the Senate FollowingVice President , harris who swore her in today. Congratulations madame senator. Her appointment heats up the democratic primary race to permanently fill the seat. Following this all very closely is our california politics editor for qed. Thank you for joining us this evening. Laphonza butler is also the first member of the Lgbtq Community to represent california. In the senate. Tell us more about her background and how gavin newsom ultimately selected her for this highly coveted appointment. Right. She has been running emily list but in california she is most wellknown for her role as the head of the sieu labor union, they represent inhome care workers and nursing home workers, the Largest Union in the state. Prior to that, she had worked for the National Organization as an organizer. But she actually has some experience of her own in campaigns. She was on, harriss Kamala Harriss campaign before she joins the biden ticket and she did some consulting work around that time for airbnb. Well, consulting work for uber and in house briefly for airbnb. An interesting spectrum. A lot of labor experience but a little Tech Experience as well. Senator feinstein champions issues such as reducing gun violence, womens reproductive rights, equal protection under the law. What issues might senator butler adopt as her own . I would not expect her to be any more conservative than senator feinstein on anything. And fact, i think she is to her left. Given her experience working at sieu, which he told us in 2019 was born out of what she experienced at home, her father felt ill when she was a teenager. Her mother had to work multiple jobs and take care of him. So she has been a champion for working people. And i would expect that to continue. I think we have a lot of questions about other issues. She has been outspoken about reproductive rights. But this is the first time she will ever be in elected office or appointed office, rather. And so i think there is a lot of questions about, in the past she has always been representing other groups or other clients. Certainly she shares a lot of those same opinions, but i think we dont know yet where she will go. So we will watch that very closely. The big question now is, will she run for reelection . She is genuinely undecided. But her decision has the potential to scramble the California Senate race with three prominent democrats already vying for it. You have adam schiff, katie porter and barbara lee. Tell us more. I mean, this has been a big behind the scenes talk of war. Barbara lee had lobbied hard and her allies including the Congressional Black Caucus to get her appointed to feinsteins seat. You know, the governor, governor newsom, had promised he would appoint a black woman if senator feinstein did not finish her term. So, i do think this adds a ton of uncertainty for all of the candidates and certainly pronouncing senator for senator butler she will have to decide quickly, the primary is less than five months away. We are a big state with 40 million people. You cannot just do retail politics here. And she is not a known quantity to most voters. That all said, she has got an Excellent Group of consultants behind her. The same ones that got gavin newsom and Kamala Harris elected that she worked for. And she has a fundraising upward from her time at emilys list. Thanks so much for sharing your reporting with us. My pleasure. Our american manufacturers are american manufacturers helping pressure rearm . Newshour travel to ukraine in upstate new york to investigate in Industrial Technology that has the u. S. Department of defense among its clients. Its products up your to be prized in russia as well where the militaryindustrial, has ramped up to meet the war if ukraine. Our special correspondent has this report. This is the tractor plant in russia. Its seen orders soar for battle tank engine since moscow launched a fullscale invasion of ukraine lesser. Last year. The monthly volume exceeded that of the ussr by 12 . After world war ii the soviet union and russia has never fought a country that could destroy heavy armor at the rate ukraine is destroying russias military hardware today. These are our destroyed vehicles. Theres the tank turret and the tank. Were the best. Russia has lost 6000 tract vehicles, including at least 2253 tanks since it launched its bloody campaign. As a result of increased production volumes, we need young workers. As a result, the plant has been on an unprecedented hiring blitz, posting recruitment videos like this one across social media, videos that reveal the technology theyve used to ramp up production. We are seeking men and women of any age. The device seen in the background is an n30. Its a machine tool uses computer numerical control to automatically machine metal it almost any desired shape. It uses this to create crankshafts needed for diesel tank engines. The company is called nsh and has its roots in the upstate new york simmons machinetool corporation that manufactures train will equipment used by u. S. Metro. The company also supplies the u. S. Department of defense and was awarded an 8. 8 million defense contract from the army for the supply of machines last year. Although the Niles Simmons machinetools nshs defense tools are interested in, its a 100 americanowned company. They have got facilities in germany and in china, but also in Sterling Heights michigan, and here in albany. So, how did a machinetool made by a company that got its start in the new york state capital end up on the floor of a factory owned by russias only tank manufacturer . Which has been subject to u. S. Sanctions since 2014. The answer lies with this man, the german born american chairman of nsh group. Whos been very vocal about his opposition to sanctions against russia. Here he is in 2016. The sanctions were foisted on us by the united states. We will get rid of it only when america gives the say so. Then when donald trump became president in 2017, he told a german newspaper he voted for the republican and supported his stance on russia. I think that trump unlike many european politicians has recognize that the white population has to stand together, americans and europeans and asians come to 6 billion. The worlds demographics compelled the two nuclear powers, america and russia, to stand together. Those comments arent illegal. His companys dealings with russia might be. Customs records reveal that shipments to the russian arms industry continued. In 2016, nsh shipped a center were 3 million from a factory in germany to the Moscow Region which manufacturers diesel engines for the Russian Railways industry but also notably for the countrys navy. Like euro track, it uses its machines to make right make crank shifts. Most of nshs business with the Russian Defense industry is harder to track because it sells products through intermediaries such as a swiss trading firm specializing in machine tools. Heres how it works. It purchases their products in europe and then ships them to its own subsidiaries and russia. These russian affiliates then sell the machines to arms producers through public competitions that state owned defense firms are required to hold by law. Were at the institute where the rockets and remains of weapons used by the Russian Federation against kyiv in other regions of ukraine are collected. Seven people were killed and more than 150 injured when russia fired this Cruise Missile into central in northern ukraine last month. The moment of impact was caught on video by a bystander. The date of manufacture, january 31, 2023, is stamped into this component from the remains of the 727 Cruise Missile. This is the tale end of a russian missile, now the manufacturer of its Guidance System is a company that in 2018 ordered that machinetool. But things did not go smoothly. The swiss subsidiary realized it would not be able to deliver the equipment to the manufacturing within the timeframe set out in its defense contract. So, it reached out directly to the nsh plant in germany, not the swiss trading firm it was ostensibly purchasing the equipment from, to find out how long it would realistically take to deliver. Nsh responded directly to them in the following letter. Upon receipt of the manufacturing order in december, 2018, the machines will be ready for shipment from our factory in germany in april, may, 2019. In may of 2019, customer record shows that they did take delivery of two High Precision mil;ling centers worth 461,000 each. The machines were sold to moscows Central Scientific Research institute of automation and hydraulics that developed the Missile System currently pounding ukrainian cities out of weekly basis. I manage to get a hold of the president of nsh usa, david davis on the phone. He told me that nsh group regularly sought licenses for the products it sold in russia, which means they told regulators who the end user of their machines was supposed to be and asked permission to make the sale. Our policy is to follow u. S. Export compliance. So that is why its important to us to know what you are talking about, not for the purpose of, you know, trying to prove righ t or wrong, but trying to prove which machines we are talking about. Once id given davis the details, he emailed me that nsh had had german export licenses approved, but the names on them didnt match the end users. Meeting the client may have misled the company about who the machines were actually for. Or nsh knew all along or it shouldve known. I asked a specialist in sanctions law if nsh was at fault when products sold to a swiss intermediated ended up in the wrong hands. They shouldve looked further than the First Company purchasing it and you could be guilty or responsible for a civil infraction of sanctions, even if you do not know what youre doing is violating the sanctions. This is especially important, given that russia is using some of these products from nsh to make weapons that are killing people on the battlefield in ukraine. Its your belief that no shipments were made to russia after the invasion . Yes. Absolutely. Like i say, i do not have any operating authorities over those plants, but it was wellpublicized in our group that nothing was going to russia. Nsh usas president told me nsh halted all trade with russia after the invasion last year but nsh signaled its intention to continue supplying russia with its products in its annual report published almost half a year after russias fullscale invasion had commenced, believing any contracts signed before the russian offensive started were aboveboard. The h in nsh, a subsidiary called made no fewer than 40 shipments to russia worth 17 million between may of 2022 and march of this year. Newshour reached out to the department of commerce to check if nsh had applied for american export licenses. But the agency said it could not comment on Company Specific licensing requests. For the pbs newshour, in albany, new york. There is little doubt the country is divided over a host of issues, but lessons can be learned from examining the past. Steve inskeep did just that, the result is a new book that he discussed titled differ we must, how lincoln succeeded in a divided america. Welcome back to the newshour. So, this mans been dead over 150 years but you have found a fresh way to look at his life. Specifically 16 different encounters with different people all of whom he disagreed with. Why did you want to frame this this way . I started out wanted to get a sense of the diversity of america, and at that time and of course white men had all the power, and i was looking for people different from him and differed with him, and it became apparent to me that the essence of the story and whats most relevant now is disagreement, this dealing with people who are on a different page. I thought that i would aluminum a country and also get a sense of Abraham Lincoln. Hes super famous, of course, but at the same time is kind of a mysterious character. And i thought i would sense who he really was by seeing him in action. The title comes from a letter that lincoln wrote to a friend of his. Tell me the story. Joshua speed was from lincolns home state of kentucky, slave state were slavery was legal at the time. And unlike lincoln, who grew up poor. Speed grew up rich with 50 enslaved people. When they became adults, speed told lincoln, i am opposed to slavery, but lincoln wrote him, saying you are not really serious about that, you are not voting that way. You have this opinion but you are not really serious. But then he goes on to say to this guy who was a lifelong best friend, if for this we must differ, differ we must. And rather than ostracizing or shunning this guy, who was wrong, he signed the letter, your friend forever. Its a powerful anecdote for me, not because it is great to kiss and make up with somebody who is wrong but because lincoln ended up getting value out of that relationship when the civil war came and lincoln was president speed was on the union side and helped ensure the loyalty of a safe kentucky. You begin the first chapter with an encounter with a man named josh getting. The provocatuer. Its january 1849, slavery was still being practiced in washington, d. C. , the congress may from ohio and lincoln was a congressman from illinois asked to review a bill that he drafted. Why is this important . I find the difference fascinating because giddings was a provocatuer at had powerful religious convictions. He argued against slavery in congress where it was supposed to be for many years off limits even to discuss. That is how powerful the slave interests were in the country. Gidding made a lot of noise. They can was not a guy who is making noise about these things, he was making friends, talking about other issues. But it became apparent that the two could collaborate on slavery, because even though lincoln had a different approach they had the same basic beliefs. They did Work Together in an effort to abolish slavery in the district of columbia by getting even more conservative people than lincoln along with giddings to be on the same page. How did he do it . He was friend with everybody, he is a storyteller, telling jokes, but it is not always telling everything that he does. He would not lie to anybody but he would give selective truths. He had a friend who said of lincoln that he would be so open and candid as to give the impression that he had disclosed everything, when in reality he had disclosed nothing. You cover as well his first facetoface meeting with frederick douglass, which takes place in august, 1863. Why was that important . This is one of the great meetings in American History because it is two fo the greatest americans of the century. And in this case, they had a disagreement with each other. They can was president , had issued the emancipation proclamation freeing the enslaved people of confederate rebels. And many of them had become union soldiers, but frederick douglass, who had helped to recruit those black soldiers knew they were receiving unequal treatment. They were not getting paid the same as white men or treated the same or promoted the same as white men, and he effectively came to washington to object, to protest, to say to lincoln, why did you make a liar out of me . I recruited these men by saying that they would fight for equality and would get equal treatment and they are not. Its an incredible meeting because lincoln admitted what had been done. He said, they are not receiving equal treatment and that is because of politics. We have a lot of white men who would resist employing them as soldiers at all. So, im getting all i can for now and i wiltry to fix the rest of it later which in fact he did, black men ultimately did get equal pay. These were two men who disagreed, often publicly. Douglass publicly excoriated lincoln again and again, but in private they could Work Together and they were pulling the boat in the same direction. The term politician carries a very negative connotation. Lincoln was an unapologetic politician. It was what he did. And he was proud of it, but he realized that in politics he would not survive. He would not succeed unless he appealed to peoples interests and their selfinterest. And, even when he talked about slavery to a white, audience, he was trying to tell them, this is why it is bad for you if slavery spreads. You are in the free labor system, slavery competes with you, you do not want slavery to spread. He was not saying, have sympathy for the poor black men, although he certainly did have that sympathy but he was telling voters, it is in your interest to do the right thing. He was trying to align peoples interests with high moral purpose. And that is what he had to do to succeed. The book is differ we must. Always a pleasure to talk to you. Thank you. Jean uses her work to bring awareness of issues surrounding Mental Health. She is also authored three books of poetry. Tonight we will see a performance at Lincoln Center in new york. I live with bipolar disorder, ptsd, chronic anxiety and autoimmune disease. All are rooted in trauma. I write a lot about Mental Health awareness, trauma survival, and to mastic abuse and domestic violence. My poem the mania speaks is written in the voice of my mania speaking to me. You clumsy boot lagger, daffodil. I water you with an ocean and you plucked one little thing . Downed a couple a bottle of pills and got yourself carted off to the e. R. I tried to bring awareness to bring a broader spectrum of information to the public and to work at reducing stigma and hopefully getting rid of stigma altogether because we all here and all fighting at all struggling together. I channel that worked through my poetry in an effort to not noly work through my only works in my own issues but to hopefully give some access to others who are living with Mental Health, who are rape survivors and Domestic Abuse survivors and give them a space where they feel compelled to engage in their own stories and bring their own stories to life. You should be legend by now. Girl in an orange jumpsuit, a headline. I built from the purest you wine and bourbon, preened you in the dark, hammered lullabies into your thin skull. I wrote the poems. I shook your boots. Its an aggressive piece, hoping to illustrate what it can be like for some people who live with bipolar disorder and the command that mania takes over our brains. You know better than anybody, im bigger than god. The stigma i most worry about and would love to see annihilated really is dont be afraid of people who have are battling Mental Health issues. We are not evil or broken, it is part of who we are. And just like somebody who may have diabetes, it is part of who they are, it does not define all of who they are. This is my brief but spectacular take id stigmatizing Mental Illness through poetry. You can watch more brief but spectacular videos online at pbs. Org newshour brief. Baseballs playoffs are underway with a series of wildcard games that started today. The Houston Astros are in the hunt for another world series title. Tonights frontline, the astros edges digs deep into the cheating scandal from 2017 and looks at what the leagues response says about baseball then and now. You can catch it tonight on your local pbs station. That is the newshour for tonight. Im geoff bennett. Thanks for spending part of your evening with us. 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This is pbs newshour west from weta studios in washington and in the west from the Walter Cronkite school of journalism at Arizona State university. Wow, you get to watch all your favorite stuff. Its to die for. Now you wont miss thing. This is the way. The xfinity 10g network. Made for streaming. Pati, voiceover my friend carlos is taking me to a haunted pink mansion. Carlos the neighbors, they could hear this woman screaming. Pati, voiceover want to come . No. Pati, voiceover then were off to Sorbeteria Colon to enjoy some french sweets. Am i in paris . No. Pati it tastes so richly coconutty. Pati, voiceover is is merida, the capital of yucatan,