Life well planned. The freeman foundation. By judy and Peter Blum Kovler foundation; pursuing solutions for americas neglected needs. And by contributions to this pbs station from views like you. Thank you. Ros hello. Im ross atkins. This is outside source. We continue our coverage of the new covid19 vaccine, who will get it and when. Once he gets the green light, the mammoth task will be rolling it out worldwide to each country. The logistics are complex, the uncertainties are unreal and the scale of the job is fast is vast. Ros a new report says two popes turned a blind eye to serial abuse by a former u. S. Cardinal. We report with sorrow the wounds that the matter exposed to victims and families. Ros a further blow to the vatican, a second report finds the Catholic Church in wales prioritized its own reputation over the welfare of sexuallyabused children. And in the u. S. , jill biden proposes to dramatically ramp up Health Care Protection once he assumes power, building on the Affordable Care act that past when heas Vice President under barack obama. A warm welcome to those of you watching on pbs in america, and to everyone watching around the world. Yesterday, we heard the first covid19 vaccine had come through final trials. Today, we heard more about distributing it and what an achievement this is paid bear in mind, normally vaccines take a decade to develop. Heres the world health organization. This is an absolutely unprecedented situation we find ourselves in, with over 200 vaccine candidates, 40 of them in development, within 10 months of the coronavirus being discovered. Ro the vaccine that has been confirmed as the first works is what is called an rna vaccine developed by pfizer in the u. S. And biontech inermany, one of 11 vaccines in final stages of testing. Here is a reminder how urgently this is needed. There are nearly 50 one million confirmed cases of covid19 and more than 1. 2 Million People have died, according to a tally by Johns Hopkins university. Experts agree a vaccine is the only credible way of getting out of this crisis, other than endless lockdown needed leading to substantial economic consequences. Until recently, there were serious doubts about whether a vaccine would be possible. Here is professor Sir John Bell, who sits on the u. K. Vaccine task force. People need to understand that this is a really big step forward. Because it wasnt obvious to all of us that we would ever get a vaccine for this virus. There are lots of diseases you dont t a vaccine to, and there was a real worry we wouldnt get a vaccine to this one. So what it means is, you can make a vaccine for this virus. And that is a massive step. Everything else i think becomes easier to achieve, so there needs to be aroval by the regulators. They have already started to manufacture. They need to step that up. Then, they need to distributed thus distributet. Ros so the big external has been cleared, coming up with a vaccine that works. It has to get through regulatory tests and there was also the task of rolling it out globally. Here is more. Correspondent how do you immunize the worlds 7 billion people . Many patching plants all of the world like this when in india manufacturing plants all over the world like thione in india have already started producing millions of doses of the most promising candidates. Once you bottle the vaccines, you then need to get them out into communities. This is the big challenge in different countries. The second challenge is how to locate the people and vaccinate them. The third challenge is, 2 billion doses will be delivered to countries. Ros many seni figures in health care worn the est threat to the global rollout is what is called vaccine nationalism, where individual countries try to buy up as much stock as possible to ensure their own populations are covered. Here is director general of the who. No one is safe until everyone is safe. Ros lets expand the argument why no one is safe until everyone is safe. Theris no question that people will remain immune after they have the vaccine. But if there are people in parts of the world the vaccine fails to reach, it could spread again when immunization dips in places where the jab was available. There is al the risk of the virus mutating into a strain that makes a vaccine less effective. We have already seen this in denmark. A mutant form of covid19 developed in mink after the animals caught it from rmworkers. These pictures show mass graves of makes after a call was ordered at farms after a cull was ordered at farms. The who warns unless countries cooperate, a successful vaccine could touch off a worldwide frenzy, similar perhaps to the scramble for ppe and testing kits early on in the pandemic. Then, we saw governments seizing exports,he u. S. Trying to intercept other nations shipments global ports. And because we know demand will certainly outstrip supply in the initial months, a body has been set up to try to ensure that any successful vaccine is fairly distributed and gets to the countries and the people who needed mode need it most. Judith three big Global Health and vaccine organization have come up with a new system called covax. It aims ensure anyone who needs it most in the world gets access first. It wants to procure 2 billion doses to protect at least one billion people in the next year. First, Health Workers, then, the over 65 will be prioritized. What you really want is a situation where you can begin to roll those vaccines out, begin to tamp down on the epidemic. But if you have a region that has a raging epidemic, you may want to put more priority in that region to be able to bring it down, then another place that already has pretty good control. Judith most countries are making side deals directly with pharmaceuticals. E u. K. , for example, has signed up for more than 300 million doses of six different vaccines. The u. S. Hopes to get 300 million doses of various vaccines by januy. Ros let me show you this graphic from the one campaign that shows you the results of their vac access test in rms of fair access for poor countries. Pfizer is a long way down that list. I have been speaking to the one Campaign Policy director about why that is. We created the test to evaluate actions countries and cant countries and companies are taking an evaluation of a covid19 vaccine. We have scored all g20 countries and companies that may deals for a promising vaccine. Pfizer is in the bottom half of our Vaccine Access test due largely to lack of collaboration with International Efforts like coax, and their lack of commitment to nonprofit pricing. They have also made a lot of bilateral deals with Different Companies that potentially monopolize the initial supply of vaccine. I think just six buyers, all high income, bought at least 1. 1 billion doses of the one point 3 billion doses pfizer is projecting for 2021. That means only 200 billion doses left for evyone else. Ros if i could interrupt, pfizer has made clear it has not taken federal money to help development of this vaccine. Collaboration with biontech in germany. Shouldnt it be able to go to wealthier countries and charge more in order to recoup its investment . Judith recouping the investment is important to Healthy Markets for vaccines. This is unusual. There is a strong Global Market and need for this vaccine. We need the pandemic to end. Any vaccine that becomes available and is effective should be made available to everyone who needs it, starting with the most vulnerable, wherever they are. Bottom line, we will only end pandemic when an effective vaccine is available to anyone who wants it and needs it, starting with the most vulnerable, no matter where they live. Ros we have heard similar concerns from the who and u. N. Secretary general, but at the moment, some vaccines will be sold disproportionately to wealthie countries. Is there anything you can do to stop this skewing of the market . Judith we are seeing some great actions by pharmaceutical companies, including astrazeneca, johnson johnson, that are committing to nonprofit pricing and are working with the covax facility, which is access to low Income Countries in particular at the center of their model. There are different Ways Companies and countries should be cooperating multilaterally, with covax, with the access to covid19 technologies accelerator to make sure not only high Income Countries are getting access first. We need to make sure it is also available to low and middle Income Countries. Ros once the vaccine is ready to go, there is then the question of which sections of each countrys population will get the vaccine first. In the u. K. , the list has been released by government scientific advisors showing who would get minimized get immunized first come first the elderly in care homes, following my Health Workers and the list goes on. If you a healthy and under 50, you are likely to wait a while. Here the u. K. Health secretary. The logistics a complex, the uncertainties are real, and the scale of the job is vast. But i know that the nhs, brilliantly assisted by the armed services, will be up to the task. I know they will rise to this challenge of being ready on the sce comes good, to inject hope into millions of arms this winter. Ros next, t question of how many people need to take the vaccine to make it effective, to achieve the socalled herd immunity, where enough or vaccinated to prevent the virus froms parenting from Sir John Bell again. E who want. Im not sure. Thats a controversial question. There are some who say lets just immunize the vulnerable, old people, health care workers, frontline workers, bus drivers, pharma people, all that stuff. I am more of the view we need to vaccinate further into the population and vaccinate younger people as well, partly because we dont know what the longterm effects of this disease are. There are worrying signs that socalled long covid, people are still having significant problems with their Health Months and months after they have had the disease. I would worry about not giving this to as wide a percent of the population as we can. Ros there is much more on our website, bbc. Com news. Next on outside source, an important story of the Catholic Church. The vatican has found two popes and top officials ignored allegations of sex abuse by a former cardinal in the u. S. Theodore mccarrick was once the archbishop of new york and washington dc and was expelled from the priesthood last year. That made him the First Cardinal lever to be defrocked because of sexual abuse First Cardinal ever to be defrocked fr because of sexual abuse. Th pope francis and Pope Benedict xvi aegedly failed to act when they heard about mccarricks activities. The vatican gave this statement. We have sorrow for the wounds exposed to the victims, their families, the church in the United States and the universal church. The trust of many faithful people in the church has been damaged. Ros the bbcs mark lowen has this report. Mark here is the 460 page report that took two years of work and interviewed 90 witnesses, some in interviews up to 30 hours. It is a damming litany of corups, complicity and errors, not just by individuals, but the entire culture of the Catholic Church that allowed rdinal mccarrick to rise to topnotch lawns of the church top at salons top echelons of the Church Despite decades of allegations of abuse. John paul the second is said in the report to have been warned and told of mccarricks crimes, yet chose to believe three american ships to concealed character is crimes instead and chose to believe mccarrick himself wrote a letter to Pope John Paul ii denying all the allegations agast him. Moving to benedict 16th, as pope was also informed of mccarricks crimes, also crimes against minors, but chose not to impose formal sanctions, simply asking him to lead a lowerprofile life. And then with pope francis, who was inford of some previous allegations and then waited until 2017, when there was concrete proof, in the words of the report, of an allegation of a crime against a minor which was presented to pope francis, and pope francis took action. He ordered this report, he stripped mccarrick of the priesthood and forced him out of the college of cardinals, the First Cardinal ever forced to resign over sex abuse. Really, this is a very damning read about years of top officials, believing the predator and not the victims, sweeping crimes under the carpet, and it is finally coming to a head under pope francis, who took action. But the church does not, well because of this report and they are hoping it is a watershed moment in the sex abuse crisis to show that no one is above the law, not even a cardinal. And they still have a mountain to climb to tackle the sex abuse crisis, one of the gravest crises in the modern history of the Catholic Church. Ros that is one report. The vatican also issued a report on the Catholic Church an in england and wales. The inquiry examined more than 3000 accusations and found the Church Turned a blind eye to sexual predators. It said this man, Cardinal Vincent nichols, cared more about the impact of the abuse on the Church Reputation then on the victims. The head of the Catholic Church and wales has offered to resign. In a few minutes on outside source, we will talk about joe biden, who says it has been embarrassing donald trump hasnt conceded the election. Ros lets turn to u. S. Politics. World leaders have been congratulating joe biden. President macron of france had a phone call with the president elect, so to Boris Johnson. The bbc as vicki young has more. Vicki unlike donald trump, joe biden is no fan of brexit and made it clear the good friday agreement must be upheld, particularly if there is to be a trade deal the u. S. We are told the phone call lasted about 20 minutes. I think we can see pictures of Boris Johnson speaking to joe biden. It was described as warm. They focused on what they called shared priorities, tackling Climate Change being one of them. There was an invitation to the president elect to attend a big summit being hosted in the u. K. Next year. They talked about security, working through nato. There was a bit of a race to be at the top of the list for these calls, and downing street will be absolutely delighted that the call came to london before the ones to paris and berlin. Whether it tells us much ros im ross atkins with outside source, here in the bbc news room. Our lead story, concerns about the covid19 vaccine and the challenge of distributing it all over the world. Now, lets talk about president elect joe biden. He has been making a case for the Affordable Care act, known as obamacare care which republicans are trying to strike down at the Supreme Court. Bear in mind, joe biden plunged to expd this rather than and it and has repeated that omise from his hometown in delaware in the last few minutes. Progress, expressing the popular will of the American People congress, expressing the popular will of the American People on a bipartisan basis, has rejected numerous attempts by President Trump to erase the law. In the middle of a pandemic that is affecting more than 10 million americans, nearly one in every 32 americans, all from the devastating consequences to their health, these ideologues are once again trying to strip Health Care Coverage from the American People. The goal of the Outgoing Administration is clear in the brief they filed in the Supreme Court. It asserts the entire aca thus must fall. Ros his was the hearing at the Supreme Court earlier held online. Conservative justices now occupy six of the courts nine seats, including recent appointee amy coney barrett. A judgment wont be made until late spring. Charges brought by 18 republican states led by texas targets requirements and the legislation that obliges virtually all american to buy Health Insurance. Republican Health Officials argued that became unconstitutional after congress made another log removing financial penalties for anyone who failed to do that. California and other democratic leaning states are defending this. Meanwhile, the law has survived to legal challenges in the Supreme Court, in 2012 and 2015. But if republican states are successful this ti around, it could invalidate Health Insurance of up to 23 million americans. Here is joe bidens Vice President elect Kamala Harris on who it affects. Getting rid of the Affordable Care act will take us backward to a time when people could charge women more for health ca