They should have access to t public carres also an raement that choice is part of what a lot of auans seem to value. Woodruff all that and more on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newsho has been provided by when the world gets complicated, a lot goes through your mind. With fidelity wealth management, dicated advisor can tail advice and recommendations to your life. Ats fidelity wealth management. Consumer cellular. The kendeda fund. Committed to advancing e andrative just meaningful work through investments in transformative leaders and ideas. More at kendedafund. Org. Carnegie corporation of new york. Supporting innovations in education, demntratic engageand the advancement of International Peace and security. Or at carnegi on and with the ongoing support of these institu this program was made ssib by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station fromiewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff President Trump hae his Reelection Campaign to pennsylvania tonight. His democratic opponent, joe biden, spent the day in wisconsin, visiting the latest crucible in the national churning over racial justice. Lisa desjardins has our report. Reporter kenosha a Community Still reeling. On again pulled into the national limelight, this time, with democratic president ial nominee joe biden arriving. This followed President Trumps visit on tuesday. This should never happen, ali thin this should never happen. Reporter despite local objections that the city be left to recover and reflect on its own. But today at an event with enforcement officihed law former Vice President pitched himself as a unifying figure. I honest to god believe we a haenormous opportunity now that the screen, the curtain ha been pulck, address whats going on in the country, to do a lot of real positive things. Reporter protests in kenosha over policing and racism have been mostly peaceful in the past few days. Thficials last night lifte curfew they put in place after violence that left extensivest ction in the citys uptown area. Biden heard some direct words. Angry as to where people say, oh, theyre protesting, theres a difference between a protester and a riot. I only 31, and ive seen enough in the past two years to say, im tired. Reporter biden again condemned all violence, saying regardless how angry you aree you should b accountable as someone who does anything else. Period. Reporter earlier, after g in milwaukee, biden an his wife privately spent an ur with the family of jacob blake,h e shooting by Police Last Month touched off the citys protests and racial reckoning. Blake is now paralyzed, in a hospital. Biden said he spoke with blake himself by phone. President trump did not meet with blakes family during hisvi sit. Meantime, the president faced sharp scrutiny for his words in North Carolina yesterday, advising that voters send in o ilin ballots and then a vote in person as a kind ofin rance. And the vote is going to count. H you cant le take your vote away. And if its not tabulated, you vote. Reporter but some experts call that a clear path to fraud. North carolinas state board of elections issued a strong statement today, writing it is io llegalte twice in an election, underscoring it is a felony, and stressing the state has a firm system to ensure mailedin ballots are counted and not double counted. The president doubleddown today, retweeting his idea. It is the latest twist surrounding mailin ballots, with debate over whether thet presidenis addressing problems or openly creating them. There is at least confusion. Meantime, facebook announced today it will block new elitical ads the week bef the election. And the company said it will add labels to any post declaring victory before final results are in. For the pbs newshour, im lisa desjardins. Woodruff in the days other news, wall streets great tech rady hit a wall, and trigge a broad selloff. Rae Dow Jones Industrial a lost 800 points, 3 , to close a. 28,2 the nasdaq fell almost 600 points 5 . And, the s p 500 fell 3. 5 . Al today, the Labor Department reported new claims for jobless benefits hit 881,000 last week. Thats the lowest since march, but its partly due to a change in how the number is calculated. The u. S. Covid19 death toll topped 186,000 today out of 6. 1 million confirmed cases. That newcame as pandemic expert dr. Anthony fauci said it is unlikely a vaccine will be ready by late october, as th c. D. C. Has suggested. Well focus on this after the news summary. The mayor of rochesternew york, has suspended Police Involved in the death of a black man last march. Newly released video shows daniel prude ran naked into the street. Police said he was spitting. They put a hod on him, and pressed him to the pavement fore two mi he died of asphyxiation a week last night, protesrs gathered today, activists demandedrs. Charges be filed. Were not stupid. We know that if someone is murdered in march and then it takes until september for you to up. Red thatng, you thats the literal definition of it. And were not standing for it and were not tolerating it. So, were asking for the officers to be terminated anden rrested immediately. Woodruff prudes family sayn he hadl health problems, but was harmless. Er a medical exam report found p. C. P. In his system. It ruled the death a homicidly caused primay physical restraint. And, the kremlin today dismissed allegations that it ordered the poisoning of russian Opposition Leader alexei navalny. He is now hospitalized in berlin, germany, in an inducedma german Officials Say he was poisoned with a sovietera nerve agent. A spokesman for russian president Vladimir Putin said germany has not shown adequate proof. L st come on the newshour, the c. D. C. Tells states to prepare for a possible Coronavirus Vaccine by thise fall; how rline industry emntinues to struggle with the impact of the pa; we examine the president s complicated relationship with National Media plus much more. Woodruff some of the federal vernments Top Health Officials are suggesting a vaccine for covid could be sent out in less than two months. It would be done through a special emergency authorizationf of td and drug administration. But as amna nawaz tells us, the accelerating speed of this process is raising many questions. Aw in fact, the c. D. C. Confirmed it has notified public Health Officials in all 50 states and five larg fcities to pr potential vaccinest ribution. That would be for some higher risk people as early as late october or early november. But there are a number of concerns about developg and distributing a rushed vaccine, especially when the president himself has been promising one. Dr. Michael mina is an aistant professor of epidemiology, immunology and Infectious Diseases at harvards schoolf Public Health member of the center for communicable disee dynamics. And he joins me now from boston. Dr. Mina thanks for being with us. You should point out to ople the normal vaccine process takes year. Its been dramically acelerated during the pandemic. And the firms that are developing vaccine are already in phase three of the trials which is the fin palse before they are supposed to seek fda approval. So how would anergency authorizeation change the time line and the pro cess . Ll, essentially what happened is having the rgemecy authorizization as the goal to t this vaccine aroved give the manufacturer of the vaccine quite a bit more room to accelerate the yefer all design d study of this. So what we have seen, for example, is an oveg lapp the different phases. Phase one, phase two and phase ree, that normally dont overlap in nearly the same way that we have seen. And this is compressed the time window considerably bars, essentially. To actually get this vaccine, tentially over the first hurdle to get it out into the public domn. Nawaz but with an emergency authorizeation does it reduce hhedles, lower the standards in anyway. Well ideally it would in t lower t standards. Nor necessarily reduce the actual the overall hurdles that need to dpet through. It certainly allows for the evaluation to be accelerated in many ways. Of course there have been concerns about who it might be getting approved too quickly and sort of rushed through. And that is not necessarily a function of the eoan this case, those concerns are readrlly beig i think more from some of the confusion that happened at the politicalev. But it is still intended to keep safety first and fore moses, try for efficacy as well as possible before the vacs evens get out. Nawaz if e you rther accelerating the process, what is the potential risk of that . Well, the risk certainly are to if the a not necessarily recruiting and evaluating as many people as they might otherwise look at, wh we are concerned with, for example, we are talking about safety, is that phase one and two are really designed around safety. So mawk sure that pe aret getting harmed by the vaccine. We didnt see any real seious safety signals during phase one and two of this. But these wer also, these were and there is aance that when these really move out to phase three and to post market wea could see we think of as a fringe effect. What happens at t edg of the distribution if you have a bulk of people, for example, getting slight fevers, there is always a concern that in a rare pem that those fevers could become more serious in terms of advefects. So we havent really had the protocols set up and the time to reallyg riorously evaluate those pieces, so that is a risk. Nawk let me as you about some of the higher rusk communities that they say thein vacould be deployed too first we know Front Line Health Care workers, essti workers, National Security people. Alsomong the high risk, you did talk abond black brown disproportionately affected ins, the pandemic. The covid death rate is higher for latinos, for native populations, nearly two times higher for black populations versus white populations, is there a way to convhese communities that already lost face in them, to willingly accept a vaccine . I think there is a lot of concern ound that. The vaccine, unfortunately, has been polarized his certainly is it polarized bipolar particulars, the whole virus and our responsh to this viras become polarized. And i think any time we are infusing so much divisiveness into what needs to be a concerted effort, in this casep to keople meaty, to suppress the virus in to transmit to a population level torque get people to trust tha the fda and cdc and federal government are ing their due dill against to keep people safe, whether it is from the virus or from th vaccine. St not surprising that there is so much concern and confusion that is abounding in the general public. Ask you to address a claim the president himself has made and others are picking up. E th this idea that the covid19 death toll is overstated. Hospitals are misinglating that covid19 diagnoses for reimbursement incentives, is there any evidence or truth to that . No, this is all misunderstanding whether inntnal or unintentional. It is very common, by the time somebody ds from an infection, many things can go wro during that course in the hospital. And so it actually very rare that when somebody dies in hospital that they have a single cause f death necessarily written on their death certificate. So this piece of information hac been pd up and completely misconstrued. For example, somebody dying of covid, who also has diabetes, for example, we kniaw ta dbetes is a risk factor for severe infections of covid. But you still are dying of this virus. Ven if you have diabetes. The diabetes wike its way on to the certificate, perhaps, but st not the thing that is killing you. So i think that this has been, unfortunately, another piece at has been politicized, taken up by people who want to project a message that this virus isnt something to talk seriously. And that is, it is an unfortunate that we are having to even have this conversation. Nawaz we appreciate the clarification that is dr. Michael mina from Harvard School of Public Health. Thanks so much for your time. Thanks very much. Woodruff there are troubles in the skies. Major airlines are sending outug warnings aboutlosses and they are making pleas for help in a big way. Tens of thousands of flights are cancelled for the fall, plus change fees e now eliminated to attract travelers. Paul solman has the story for our series, aking sense. All of these people on the plane, i didnt get in nobodys reporter call ask wars, being waged on tarmacs everywhere. In my last flight there was actually a gentleman that refused to wear a mask, and they had to bring in Airport Security and the person from Airport Security said, like, hey, we already had this conversationd t the gate. E person said no. And so Airport Security took them off the plane. R applause repors they escorted this woman off, to a sitting ovation. No wonder so many passengers now have a fear of flying. Even nick ewen, an airlines journalist. I have personally nen a flight since march 1, and that is pretty unheard of. Reporter and if you do want to f, like n. Y. U. Professor paul glimcher. Its real hard to imagine jumping on a plane and flying out to n. Y. U. Shanghai, of course, because the Chinese Government wouldnt let me go. U. Th government wouldnt let me come back. Laughs thered be two weeks of quarantine at either end. Ee i mean, it impossible. Reporter and thus the facts on the ground passenger volume down some 70 from last year; about 2,000 planes in dry dock because Airlines Need them toat rueast 80 full to make money. Former Spirit Airlines c. E. O. Ben baldanza. Now, if theyre not going to be able to fill that much,e theying to have to get a higher price. When the prices go up, many fewer People Choose to travel. And so, if airlines are going to have to rely on a higher price enint, because the planes as full, there are going to be many fewer planes in the air because theyre not going to be able to support as big a fle. Reporter so the industry is faced with an evermorepressing question is this the new abthrmal . Itraveler is confident that they are going to have a minimal risk of contracting tcovid19 when they go airport and when they get on board a plane, thats really when we are going to see a rebound in the overall market. Reporter airlines are pushing new safety measures, disinfecting assiduously, filtering the air every few minutes. Carriers like southwetblue and delta are restricting capacity. And some passengers are ying, worryfree, like timothy strack. Approximately, i believe, nine legs. I have not contracted covid. Consistently and have not had any issues with flying and iwi do it again soon whether i reporter but many more former travelers are staying put. It would probably be a wh ie beforuly felt safe. And thats just a product of the career im in anthe things ive seen. Reporter nurse holly stettler, whos treated covid patients, was disturbed that her partners recent flight was fully booked. Erican and united airlin opting to maximize sales on the planes they are flying. The pilot made an announcement that said we have a really full, full flight today, so if you have trouble finding overhead bin spacelet us know. Which, in my opinion, during a pandemic, there should not be any flight flying that is so full that you cannot find overhead bin space. Reporter and there are the nonmask weare during this politicized pandemic. So, for all the people that may want to get off because they ent feel safe, then get heck off im staying right here. laughs reporter some are belligerent, says sara nelson of the Flight Attendants union, who told us about one of h members. The passenger hit her, assaulted her. Reporter or enforcing the mask policy. Yes. The passenger became violent against the Flight Attendants and hit her and hurt her. And she is recovering from that now. Reporter nelson says the federal government needs to impose rules and penties to force compliance. Theres not clear tocommunication about how wear to wear the masks and thatss theres consequences if you dont. Reporter leaving the policing to the airlines themselves, thspite the fact over 1,000 Flight Attendants have been infected and at least 11 have died. There is a picture of a man right behind me. Me is paul frishkorn, an he was the first Flight Attendant to die, was a friend of mine. And he stays here with me while i do this work on safety and on protecting our jobs. Reporter jobs. Ke thousands of w have already taken buyouts, with the airlines warning that more jobs tens of thousands could be cut once 25 billion in cares act aid runs out in october. To just think about not being able to fly again, its devastating. Reporter Yolanda Hughes is t flightdant for united airlines. Li as which lost 17 billion dollars in theirst half of the year is asking for another 25 billion in federal aid. Pandemic relief talks havele stin congress but the president said he will support the industry. I think it is very likely that we will see at least onebl nobankruptcy among the u. S. Airlines. It is not just because travelerare afraid to fly. Reporter and its not just because travelers are afraid to fly. Many realize they dont have to. Ben baldanza isnt afraid, but he says. Somethink that there Business Travel that is not going to come back because theyre, they will have gotten so comfortable with the way were talking right no reporter exactly and how productive they can be. Reporter yes thare just going to say, i dont need that expense. coughs excuse me. Im really sorry. Neporter if i were there person, would you be more comfortable than you are right w . Theres just more complications out it. I mean, i cougd twice in this call, and that didnt make you nervous. If wed been live, tha have made you nervous. Reporter and yet another problem airlines are alienating customers with their reluctanceo efund. Sign Language Interpreter Betty Colonomos has been trying to get her money back since march. This has almost become a 20 hour a week job chasing after these refunds because the phonel calls, the ema uh, waiting. Reporter but shed purchased flight insurance. The response to heclaim . Oh, well, we categorize coronavirus to be something under the certain category of we dont cover that and bh, blah, blah so i said, great, i got insurance in case something happens. Something happened but theyre not owning it, so, here i am reporter are you flying again . No, i am not flying and i have no intention of flying any time soon. Reporter and so, the big questien will enough folks take to the skies once again . Right now, 52 of travelers say theyre uncomfortable flying, like professor Andrew Caplin and his wife, psychotherapist ruth, whod planned to go, she says. On a snorkeling trip in indonesia about a mofore covid hit. But, um, i dont want to get on an aplane. I dont want to travel. Reporter how many years before you acttrlly take that to indonesia do you suppose . Um. Three . Five. Reporter anybody give me six here . Heidi and Richard Brooks both had covid in the spring. He was hospitalize so, my antibodies are still robust and i feel because of the antibodies, a little bit more comfortable traveling than i imagine most people. Reporter wife heidi had a milder case. It is a risk, but we cantck necessarily urselves into never being in another country again. E reporter bn the brooks travel plans are on hold til 2022. And the airlines dont expect a rebod until 2024. For the pbs newshour, paul solman, not flying anywhere. Woodruff as we get deeper into the president ial campaign season, there are questions being raised every day not just about the candidates, but about how the news media cover them. And, in the case of president um about his relationship to one particular newsti organi. Theres a new book about that, and before we speak to itsom author, heresbackground. The countrys in very good shape, and were setck and roll. Reporter for an embattled president fighting for reelection in a year of crises and chaos, a friendly platform is just a phone call away. Even as some journalists at fox news have covered the human toll of the coronavirus pandemic, and challenged President Trump on his record overseeinit i think we ha one othe lowest mortality rates thats not true, sir, whad 900 deaths in a single day. Ep ter a number of its most prominent hosts have downplayed the seriousness of the virus and defended the president s handling of the outbreak. The media and frankly most democrats have been acting like President Trump is directly responsible for every case of covid19 in the u. S. The constant belittling of the administrations efforts is deeply unfair. Hosts also frequently have identical messages to the president s, on largely peaceful this year across tountryn out over Police Killings of black americans. This is clearly an effort to disrupt and take over the country. Uf woo and when the president said police are under ege in a recent interview tried to steer himfromham, she comparing Controversial Police shootings to choking while playing golf. But they choke just like in a golf tournament. They miss a threefoot putt. Youre not compar to golf because, of course, thats what the media. No im saying people choke. In the channels stable ofone conservative hosts has been more influential than sean hannity. Ep hested to have a direct line to the president , who in hannitys show. T caller on mr. Trump has used the outlet to make false claims without pushback. His will be the most fraudulent election in history. Reporter even so, the combination has drawn large audiences and made many millions in revenue. The highest rated l innews was primetime on all of television. The president s relationship with fox is the focus of Brian Stelters new book, hoax donald trump, fox news, and the dangerous distortion of truth. Th is also cnns chief media correspondent anhost of reliable sources. He joins us now from new york. For being here. So much you say at the outset that you wrote this as a ctizen and a father, not as a journalist. Is it possible to separate the i think it is possible to separate the two cause all of us when we areu jornalists are also humans, living in this country, trying e make st of it and trying to create a Better Future for our kids. I have t young ks and i think in 20 years when ey asked me what was the trump era all about, what happened to america, i think understanding fok news is essential to understanding the trump years. You cantnderstand why the president is out there misleading the country a voter fraud and about anarchy in happening, withouterstanding where he is getting it from. He is getting from fox frienda in the morning sean hannity in the evening. It is that feedback loop the likes of which america has never seen before. And because he is oftentimes getting low quality information, not the kind of high quality information you get from the nightly news,he ends usl ding everybody as a result. Woodruff you do paint this remarkable picture of this loop as you desibe it between sean hannity, other fox hosts and the president , sharing information,t sharing pern of what is going on in the world. How does it work, who is helping whom here. I heard from a lot of readers who say i dowdnt knt was this extreme, that there are even more examples than the realized. I think fox helps trump more than trump helps fox at this point. But also these stars on fox hurt trump. When they are trying to help him or do a service, they do a disservice by misinforming him and it affects everybody. This is the fox if i kaiti america and st why we feel like we live in two separate information universes, when you have a relative in your family and you feel like th are tacking a different language, it is oftentimes because of fox. You say some of the decisions that have most seriously damaged the Trump Presidency could arguably be traced to his tv viewing habits. Given some example of that, and how much tvs doehe watch . Well, that is what i mean when they try to help him, thedy hurting him. On the very first day, first weaken, inauguration crowd size, the president was getting bad advice from foxment and more importantly with the impeachment arsaga the president was g negative news about ukraine on fox that thieves wof ukraire planted on hannitys show and lead to trumsmpeachment. A lot of this is about what sources of information the president is receivis. And that ost dangerous this year, judy, with the pandemic, as foxs strs downplayed the pandic, trump did as well. And that has had lifeanddeath quengses. Woodruff what are those consequences . I mean you write elyensi about how dangerous this is. What are the consequences you see and why do you think thi program is so successful, as we said, their programming over the summer, most watched of all television anyere. Yeah, fox is like resentment news t is likiee veance news, it taps into White Christian american grieveances about what is happening in the country and creasingly multicultur america, some of the narratives are about that. That is why we heard all about car a began caravans and invasion before the mid terms, now about law and order because fox it emphasizing violence in the cityttnew york, sea and elsewhere. Of course the cities are not nearly as severely endangered as fox portrays them. But the president watches and reflects those talking points and they echo back and forth. And that is why we live in these two separate inortion universes. Woodruff you do focus a lot, most of this brian stelter, on the prime time hosts. You also write about the other, the journalists at fox bth current journalists, former journalists who were your sources for information. How much do they take their orders, take their guidance from the owners, from management at fox. And we know what their political views are. Rig, Rupert Murdoch is a right wing political leader who has always want cedse relationship with the president. And now he has one. His son lock larun the company day by day. I think fox takes his cues more om the audience, from the ratings. And that is what made thepi channel tr and trumpier. Hundreds of staffers in and around fox connifieded in me saying we we have ne off the rails thrk is always a channel that leans to the right, that is conservative leaning new, news. Al leaning news, lots of ay no, it has gotten too extreme, the rhetoric is too extreme, the racism, xenophobia in prime time i too extreme. Some journalus at fox have left, other stays because they want to try to make it better there are anchors like Chris Wallace who will moderate the debate, who is the exception of the rule. Even those like countries wallace have had a hard time. Woodruff so you ar some of the journalists at fox are able to escape this influence that y dcribed. Yeah, i think the prlem though is that you the new sides is ling the propaganda side is one. That is what fox viewers seem to they prefer the protrump talking helds, they prefer the propaganda. St a problem for ameca. When he uses hope, nobody knows what to believe any mo we will have a challenge in this country that will long outlast the trump prsidency. A kind of bottomline question brian steer, you have done a great job at cnn, would you ever want to work for fox . I think if anybody where it is all about fact checking, alil about as accurate as possible, there should be room for that. Right now the audience doesnt seem to want it, and neither does the network. But you knowi dont think fox b has this way. Te of murdochs sons James Lachlan may try ke over some day. Is he more liberal leaning son. I wonder what could happen if he trays to take over. Woodruff brian stelter, we thank you very much. Thank you, judy. Woodruff we continue with our series on universal healthcare. As the u. S. Stggles with the most expensive Healthcare System in the world onehat leaves some have started looking to australia. William brangham and produce jason kane report on how that nation has achieved universal coverage at lower cost, using a their story was shot before the pandemic began. Hello, guys hello laughs reporter dont be fooled by this happy scene. This is a family divided okay, its not quite thatse ous, but the division is stark when it comes to, of all things, Health Insurance. On one side Felofani Elisara and her husband paul dunn rely on australias Public Healthcare system. Its known as mecare, its paid for by taxes, and its available to all australians and permanent residents. That public system has gotten them through some pretty traumatic stuff i. V. F. Treatment and a festerectomy for fani, and for paul, brain surgery to remove an invasive tumo at first they panicked over what they feared would be a huge price tag. I was really scared. Do . As like, what am i going to do i need to start a gofundme . Which my friends did for me and my family did for anyway. Reporter but then you found out that the public system was going to cover a majof that. Majority of that, yeah. It covered all of it. It covered all of it, actually. Reporter on the other side pauls parents carole and ross are evangelists of the private sort. They skip over the public stem and buy their own private insurance coverage. About half the country does this. Carole recently had her knee replaced and said she got great care and terrific perks. D e says if shed been in the public system sh in agony, on a waiting list. Well, id be crippled, really, in oneeg. Thhe public medicareystemsyste as a base, but then layered with private insurance on top, is by design. Theyre meant to work together, th the private system taking pressure off the busier public one. This unique setup meets two basic values, says health economist, rosalie viney. Fs just as one of the tenets of australians belis that they should have access to public care, theres also an element that choice is part of what lot of australians seem to value. Reporter why would i, as anw australian, evt to pay extra if i can get it for free . So, some of it is about accesso elective care at the ti when they want it. Some of it is out access to the amenities that a private hospital might offer. Reporter amenities like . Private room, better od, those sorts of things, a choice of menu. Some of it is about choice of your own doctor. But some of it is actually about gettinquicker access. So, waiting lists can be long, and particularly for electiveng surgery, waiists in the public system tend to be long. The whole sense of waiting for me, with endometriosis you pain. Be in bed, like, chron so, that could mean a year without working. Two years witht working. Reporter a priealth either. Plan makes sense for sarah kozicki. Shes training to become ae years, she needs a costl surgery for endometriosis, which is a painful disorder involving the uterus. Or so,hat, i choose to have private Health Insurance i than go and have surgery when i need to have surgery. I can do it in a privateit ho, or do it in a Public Hospital as a private patient, and i get to choose my specialist. Ep tcomeforavboth sys good. Australians live longer than americans, theyre healthier anr they see toctors more. They dont die of preventable diseases nearly as often as we do. And they get these results for hless money, spending abof what we do per person. Costs are kept lopartially because the government sets pricesor drugs, treatments and other expenses. But theres one majoproblem. Increasing numbers of australians are choosing n to buy private insurance. People like emily maguire. A shes teacher, shes healthy, and she says the rising cost of living makes it hard to justify paying for a private plan. And, like, the Public Health system is so great. They do a great job. So, im just like, nhink ill trust them, and if i need something then ill pay for it myself. Im t too worried. Its a little bit about, i lthink, my values, as wele, i dont want to be paying for something that im not really getting anything from, if yout know whamean. Reporter an estimated 64,000 australians dropped their private Health Insurance in 2018, and this creates whats called a death spiral for the system. Younger people, who tend to be healthier, have been leaving the private market, while older people, who tend to be sicker, have been joining it. Vi rosaliy says that cycle then perpetuates itself. Private insurance holders tend to be those who are more iukely to use private insurance, and so we see pr start to h creep up, associated wituse of the care. Reporter remember, the prate system is meant to relieve pressure on the public one. So now, the government is spending ove 4 billion a year in subsidies to courage people to buy private care. And that cost keeps going up. What would be better is if we actually took a reinvestment of those private healthca dollars, and put it into our primary Healthcare System. Reporter Janine Mohamed has a ve those billions ought to go. She runs theowitja institute a Research Organization that advocates for better healthcare for australias aboriginal and torres straight islander populations people whove suffered decades of racism and discrimination. On average, people from indigenous groups, like kylie battese, suffer higher rates of chronic diseases than their peers. Mohammed says they die 11 years earlier on average than non indigenous australians they cant be, those funds cant be redirected to Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Health en we know that we have the poorest health outmes in australia. So, for us, its, u know, giving the most privileged more funding. Reporter dr. Ashish jha, dean of the brown school of Public Health and a orator with us on this series, says, s, there are significant problems here but every nation Health System is a work in progress, and australia has made importa strides that the u. S. Hasnt. When we look acss the world, we see lots of different systems that seem to work. They get universal covere, good outcomes, reasonable costs. They dont all look like each other. From australia, from the u. K. , from switzerland, all of which have very different systems fror each oth but each of them can teach us specific things about how we caa improve covera lower costs, improve outcomes for our own country. Thats the key here, is to learn those lessons without worrying about importing any of these systems wholesale and trying to transplant them into the united states. Reporter the members of thel dunn fhave given up trying to convince each other that their healthcare choices are best. Cheers, guys. Cheers reporter theyre okay with the division. And i was going to say, vive le difference. Vive le difference reporter for the pbs newshour, im William Brangham outside sydney, australia. Woodruff tonights brief but spectacular features gertrude kabwazi, thorcountry direor a nonprofit that is working to break the cycle of poverty inalawi. I am in malaw which is situated in the southern part of africa. The poverty levels in is country are very high. Almost 52 of the populations living under a dollar a day. These people are suffering more with covid19 because there are communities that were already struggling. I work for an Organization Called yamba mawi. Our mission is to uplift the lives of Vulnerable Children by empowering communities to break the cycle of poverty. Having grown in the village myself, i understand the challenges that people in the Rural Communities face ery malawi was very late to recognize covid cases. Simply because we didnt have the facilities to test. But also because many people ina wi do not have access to information. It was very difficult for those to understand what covid is. As, but even what to do when theyre infeed. Nine out of ten households do and most of the coy members do not have access to. Nning water, clean water they live in a one room house. There may be 610 members in that house. So isolation will be practically possible. We are fearing that even the small gains th have been made through programs, like yamba malawi, they are going to be eroded by the impactf the covid19. Their savings are only minimal, and those savings can not last them that long. The Community Members themselves, theyre geared up to contribute something to deal with covid19 in whatever way. They would love to. The households that have something, they want to she g. Th the other households that do not have some so it gives me hope that we are all more united than ever. My name is gertrude kabwazi. This is my brief, but spectacular take on empowering the people of malawi during covid19. Woodruff thank you. Us stay wit we reflect on the life of hall of fame pitcher and new york mets legend tom seaver. Tbut first, take a momenthear aom your local pbs station. Ithance to offer your support, which helps keepe programs lrs on the air. Woodrf now we take a second look at our interview with one of the worlds most renowned scientists and environmentalists, jane goodall. A new National Geographic documentary explores her life and career, teaching generations how interconnected we are with the natural world. Jeffrey brown spoke with goodall about the pandemic and hers liork. This encore presentation is part of o ongoing arts and cultur series, canvas. Reporter for decades, jane wgoodall has traveled theorld as a nonstop advocate for the conservation of animals and the earth. Now, like the rest of us, shes confined to her home. But, she says ive never worked harder e, my life becaou know, its the 60th anniversary of the research at gombe, and we were going to be celebring all year. We were just in the perfect situation for good fundraising and then everything stops. So, im trying to keep up the momentum. Reporter her work now is virtual, and as always, even at 86, virtually nonstop. As we see in the film, it all began in 1960, when a young british woman without a College Degree went to what is now Gombe Stream National Park in tanzania, to live with and study chpanzees in a new way. Ik it was a time when the chimpanzees werepart of my family. And, the striking thing was how like us they actually are. When i got to cambridge, because louis leakey said i had to get a degree, i was told id done everything wrong, that iiv shouldnt have the chimps names, they should have had numbers. I couldnt talk about personality, mind or emotion. Those were unique to u i was told. But id been taught by my dog rusty who always sits near me, and theres never been a dog quite like him. Reporter look at that look at rusty and look at a young jane goodall. Look at us side by side laughs rusty was special. And of course animals have peonalities, minds and emotions and now science has been forced to accept, were not after all, the only beings with thoseat ibutes. Reporter changing minds and practices hasnt always been easy, but shes gotten results. Goodall campaigned against using chimpanzees and other animals for medical research. She worked to convince oil shes also been a leading voice against animal trafficking and other abuses. And she sees a disregard for nature and disrespect for animals behind todems global pa. While the exact origins of coronavirus are being examined and debated, evidence points to chinas socalled wet markets, where live animals and meat are sold. This is a virus that jumped from animals to humans. We are all interconnected. And if we dont get that lesson we never will. Emic, then maybe reporter how does that force the lesson on us . Well, it should force a lesson on us because its our interactions with animals and the environment, all of it that has led to the virus being able to leap over from some kind of anim into us, as has happene before. And i just hope that when this is over, were wiser. And i hope that the chinese ban on the wet markets will p be mademant and b, extend to the use of wild animals for medicine like pangolin scales, bear bile and so on. Reporter is that the most important thing you think needs to happen to prevent future pandemics . I think its extremely important, but we also need to fight the animal trafficking because that, too, brings animals together in close contact where they are being sold in markets, for example. Worldwide. Reporter theres been so much attention, first on china, then europe and of course here in the us. And i wonder about your fears for whats happening in africa. Im extremely worried about nyrica because so countries, you know, havent got welldeveloped healtare systems. And when they close down businesses and ground people in and people who make their moneyn by lday by day, like the Street Vendors and people like that, if they cant ply their toade, and they cant, i dont know whats goinappen. There will be anger. Therell be riots. Therell probablbe violence. And so, some countries are saying, alright, lets carry oni business as usual. And then, of course, the virus will spread. Its a pretty grim picture. I dont think anybody has got a grip on it. Reporter where is there hope jane goodall and her institute began creating their own version of it in tanzania in991, through a Conservation Education Program for young people called roots and shoots. s now in 65 countries around the world, and has served several generations. I wonder if youre thinking about your own mortality and what youll leave behind and who will pick up afterwards . Well, being 86 obviously the me i have left is slowly shrinking, which means i have to work ever harder. People say you need to slow down. But i have to go quicker the main message i have is that every single one of us, every mpngle day, we make some iact on the planet, a we have a choice as to what impact we make, what we buy, whawe wear. And if enough of us make ethical choices and start thinking in a new way, then business wilhave to change because of consumer pressure. And governments will just have to obey the will of the people because theres enough of us, willing. Its my greatest hop nkeporter jane goodall, t you for talking to us. Thank you very much for inviting me. Wah you can find it onlint art kansas. Org. Well see you there. Uf woo finally tonight, remembering tom seaver, the hall of fe pler who was one of baseballs greatest power pitchers. Stephanie sy has this appreciation. Nd two strike count to a seaver sets up, now checks back over his shoulder. Heres the pitch swing and a miss stck him out an ovation for seaver cheers and applause reporter ask any new york atmets fan who was the gret player in the teams history, the surefire answer is tom seaver. He holds the record in a bevy of mets alltime pitching categories, including most wins, strikeouts and shutouts. A winner of three cy youngds awhes considered one of the greatest pitchers in the history of the game. Period. Over the course of two decades, he won 311 games and was aar 12time and is still sixth on the list for most rikeouts of all time. Known as the franchise, seaver led the transformaon of the mets from a band of lovable losers to world chame ons. Ie 2011,flected on winning the 1969 world sand what really drove him. It isnt th isnt the joy, it isnt the champagne. It isnt. Its whats on the field. Thats where the art form is, reporter seaver debuted with the struggling mets in 1967 d his impact was immediate. He won 16 games in his first season and was voted the National League rookie of the year. In 1969, seaver racked up 25 m winse than any Major League Pitcher that season. Thats when tom terrific won his first cy young award. The first of three national that year, the mets defeated the heavily favored Baltimore Orioles to win their firstever world series. Ou they t they were gonna run us right off the field. We come to play. Reporter in 1977, seaver was traded to the cincinnati reds, but he wasnt done making history. In 1978, he achied what had til then eluded him pitching a nohitter. He bounces to first base, driessen has it, he goes to the bag and seavers gott cheers and applause tom seaver has pitchjo his first mar league nohitter reporter in 1985, seaver notched another place in history when he won his 300th career game. The ball game is over seaver has won 300 reporter seaver retired from baseball in 1986 at 41 years old. He pivot to sportscasting, working alongside the legendary vin scully. In 199 seaver was elected to the National Baseball hall of fame by the highest vote percentage ever recorded at that time. In 2019, seavers family announced that he would completely retire from public life after being diagnosed with a devastating form of dementia. H at, combined with a recent diagnosis of covid, led to theba ba greats passing on monday. George Thomas Seaver wasld 75 years for the pbs newshour, im stephanie sy. Woodruff why we love baseball. And thats the newshour for tonight. I judy woodruff. Join us online and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you. Please stay safe and see you soon. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been ovided by architect beekeeper raym0nd james consumer cellular. Johnson and johnson the ford foundation. Working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. The alfred p. Sloan foundation. Driven by the promise of great ideas. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and friends of the newshour. This program was madee possible by rporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Ptioning sponsored by , llchour productio captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org hello, everyone, and welcome to amanpour co. Heres whats coming up. As protests continue to shake the united states, the entire stice system is on trial. We talk to a trailblazing judge about how jails are being filled by criminalizing the mently ill. And. We need to demand true equality. We are here to move history forward. Mrs. America. I speak to a director of that new series, amma asante, about the 1970s womens liberation movement. Then. Thats one of thes im concerned about this november, is that some of the states that are seeing the big surges in vote by mail alsoha traditions of rejecting a lot of maiballots. Mit election expert, charles stewart, warns our hari sreenivasan, states need to start preparing