Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by you can do the things youh like to do witwireless plan designed for you. With talk, text and data. Consumer cellular. Learn more at consumercellular. Tv and with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Uf woo it is the eve of impeachment. The United States house of representatives convenesco tomorrow tider the case against President Trump. But first, lawmakers spent long hours working out the rules for those proceedings. Once again, congressionalt correspondsa desjardins begins our coverage. Desjardins in a small room on the capitols third floor today, the last step before impeachment goes to the house floor. Unfortunate we have to be here today. Desjardins the House Rules Committee will decide the tprocess for the impeachm debate expected tomorrow. And it began with a first in igthis process, bipartisan of respect from the democratic chairmanand the Top Republican or ranking memr. We take up a lot of n ntentious issues on this committee anof are on different sides, but he leads with integrity and he cares deeply about ts house. Let me begin by reciprocating a personal and professional respect for you and other members of this committee as well. Because i do think very highlyso of every pon this committee this and particularly of you mr. Chairman is a day were going to disagree very strongly. Desjardins at the white house,disagreeing strongly would be an understatement. The whole impeachment thing is a hoax. President trump spoke at anh appearance wite president of guatemala. This has been a total sham from thehieginng. Bureal outrage was unleashed in a sixpage letter the president sent to House Speaker nancy pelosi today, breathing fire in the first line, i am writing to express my strongest and most powerful otest against the partisanac iment crusade. Calling democrats process ou disinge meritless and a baseless invention of democrats pragination. The letter raiseious themes for the president he blasted the f. B. I. s russia investigation, the Mueller Report and former Vice President joe biden. Also blasting democrats today, Senate Majority leader mitch mcconnl. This slash dash work product will be dumped on us over here in the senate. Esjardins the kentucky republican, now preparing for a trial, rejected democrats proposal and their leaders request for four witnesses. Senates time and energy on a fishing expedition. Desjardins that leader at democratic s Chuck Schumer of new york, fired back that mccoell is out of line, already working with the white house, and that senators should reserve judgment. Mitch mcconell said, proudly, he is not an impartial juror. N do the ameriople want mcconnell not to be impartial in this situation and id ask everyone are you impartial jurors . Desjardins as the senate thinks weeks ahead, House Democrats are thinking about tomorr, and insisting this is not about politics. Dont know how this may may not affect the 2020 election, but we know this we are a coequal brancof government that is going to insist that no one is above the law. Woodruff and joie now is lisa desjardins. Sa, this is an historic day, as we have been saying over and over again. What do we know about the lay of the land tomorrow . Heres whats going to happen. The house will convene at 9 00 a. M. Eastern and 6 00 a. M. Pacific time. Well have normal opening procedure, the pledge of allegiance, and they willbe immediateln a twopart debate. First they will debate the rules, the procedures ahead for the impeachment debate. And then after this they wll get into the actual debate. Really, though, judy, the entire day, and i think we will expect an entire day ofebate over this impeachment idea. I expect it to last until about at least this time torrow night. It could go late. The question being how much do reblicans object to the process. How much do republicans try to use paraly parliamentary procedures to gum up the works . That could make it take longer. Woodruff thats an unnonwe cant predict at this point. It is unknown. They only havea limited amount of procedure, but they can use some. Woodruf what do we know about the president s plan and how the white house will respond in. I think we had a preview in that really remarkable letter that he spent to the speaker today. Has his fist raised and hes going to hold, what else, a rally tomorrow night, 7 00 eastern, roughly the time thco housd be voting on peachment articles iner michigan, else, battle creek, michigan. I think its no mistake the white house is sding a lot of messages here. My question is he actually has a very defensive posture here. Hes being very aggressive on. This i wonder how thue hose republicans, if theyre going to take that tone tomorrow on the floor or woodruff and lisa, finally, i want to turn back to the spending bill that you have been reporting on. It pas. Sed today democrats actually end up having division over whats in it. Right. As we reported last night, there were some big ben fits fo democrats, things they were happy on, gun, for example, and election security, oth things. However, today, judy, there wasl re divide in the Democratic Caucus over the president s money for the border wall. This is the main concession thaa democrats gavin the spending bill. It was 138 billion, the key being unrestricted for a border wall. In the past this money has been restricted to fencing. This now has fewer restrictions. The presidencan do a litle bit more with it than in the past. Also, judy, in this money the president can use military funds. There are no restrictions barring him from taking militars uction money as he has attempted to do in the past year, and, judy, there is no hard cap in theslls on detention be. sere has been a suggested cap, but it not enforcable. The hispanic caucus is furiouss over td disappointed. Theyre worried this is the wrong direction in terms of the immigration debate. Its the wrong concession. Others say, hey, the president wanted 8 billion for a wall, he only got 1. 4 billion, but its a very critical issue that thi bill is dealing with. It was a concession for democrats. Woodruff but its now passed. It has passed today, thank you. These things are happening so quickly. This did passes the house. 75 democratsoted against it even though it was their leadership proposing it. Woodruff all right, sa desjardi much to follow. Tomorrow is a big day. It is. Thank you. Woodruff thank you. Woodruff representative jason crow, from the suburbs of denver, colorado, er one of a nuf democrats from competitive districts that his party is fhting to holon to in next years elections. In fact, prior to crow, the district had elected only republicans to Congress Since the 1980s when it was first drawn. Representative crow announced overhe weekend he supports both articles of impeachment against President Trump. And he joins us now from capitol hill. Thank you very much sr being with congressman. Was this hard decision for you . Hi. Good to be with you, judy. Yeah, you know, it was one that i spent time thinking about, becausd i promi district that i would be deliberate about it, that i would take in all th information, that i would spend my time looking at all the evidence. Thats what i did. At buhe end of the day, i came back to my oath. Im somebody who has taken many oaths throughout my life. I am a former arermy rand spent a lot of time in iraq and afghanistan. I tookn oath again on january 3rd when i joined this congress. At the endf the day, it became abundantly clear tme that the evidence overwhelmingly pported the allegations against the president and thatac iment was the way forward for us. Woodruff was there one piece of evidence that convinced you, or what . No, it waso the bdy of evidence. Over several weeks, over a dozen witnesses. You had ambassador sondland, a supporter of president tru, say unequivocally that there was a quid pro quo. Ha and yo the president s words himself saying, do us ad favor, e president and his enablers and the folks in the white house actually haveyi stopped to actually defend the actions. Its pretty irrefutable at this its wrong. Happened. Its unprecedented. Its a violation of the presidh. Ts constitutional oat and its now time for Congress Step up and say, is not okay. Oodruff im asking because the constitutional law professor who testified before the house judiciary coe on behalf of the republicans wrote impeachment procesothe first forward without, in his words, e recognized caving been committed. Well, you know, there are certainly some folks that iul think have that debate, but at the end of the day, lets not be disacted by whathich ulley happened, what we know happened and what we knw are facts. The facts are the president of the United States withhead critical security funding from it ally thats at war to benefit his personal poal campaign. Its unprecedented. Its never happened before. On top of that, when congress has tried to fulllength mirr its congress tried to fulfi its duty of oversight and accountability, congress has been met with tainted policy of noncooperation, which in the history of the United States han never ha before. What we have to do is make sure were not citing a precedent that future president s can the same thing, whether it be a republican or democrat. We cannot allow tis to become normal. We cant send a message that president s can use taxpayer money, withhold foreign aid to advance his or her own political interests andal politampaign and obstruct congress in the process. Thats why were doing what wergoing to do tomorrow. Woodruff what do you say to republicans whssay thi process is not legitimate because it is just one party. Theres not a single republican who is joining with democrats that we know o this point to support impeachment. They also say democrats have been trying to get rid of presidt trump ever since he was elected. Well, we use the process and reused the rules put in place by the repnsublieveral congresses ago. Courts have overwhelmingly and unanimously said this a constitutional and lawful process. Just because folks havdecided they will not abide by their oath, theyre not going to do what i think the country needs them to do, that doenot absolve us of our responsibility to fufill our oath. We cant control the senate. I cant control my colleagues. The only thing i can control is what i do. And whether or not i honor the oath i took on january 3rd. For me honoring thaoath requires me to step up and vote for the articles of impeachment tomorrow. Woodruff does it concern you, congressm, that less than half of the American People say in Public Opinion polls that they support impeaching the president . New york it doesnt, because i have never concerned myself wi the politics of ths issue. You know, i decided very early h on that e to completely separate politics from the discussion of impeachment. I ths one of the most important consequential things that a memberf congress can do. Were being called to do a very somber, gave thing. You know, i am not happy about it. This is not an exciting time for me. This is not what i e to congress to do. But i do have the duty to do it. So im not goingo think about the politics of it in much the same way i didnt think about the polics of my time inaq and afghanistan. I took an oath to serve th country, and i had to fulfill that oath. The consequences wll be what they will be. But at the end of the day, the people that i remember, they atow that im somebody thats bound by my oh. They know that im somebody who and good government. Thats what im about, and thats ultimately what this is abf t. Woodro others questions, one is what are you rearing from your constituents in the suburbsund denver . Yeah, so generally peoplepp t the action that im taking. I have not shied away fromer having cotions about this. I held two large events on sunday or i announced my support for the iticles ofmpeachment. I took questions. I think people are just wanontig tothat the process was fair and transparent. But i represent a community that is fed up with corruption in government, is fed up with dishonesty. They want good government. They want people tohe right thing. They want them toell the truth, and thats what were ing. So im out in the district all the time. I have held over 200 events in my first year inongress, and every corner of my district tough conversations, being civil in the process. nd ultimately i think people understand that somebody who and fulfills the oath, and, you know, we have Mutual Respect between me and my constituents because of that. Woodruff last thing, do you expect assuming the house does vote to impeach, do you expect there will be a far trial in the senate . I ask because today the majority leader, mitch mcconnell, is saying that he does not plan the call any of the witnesses tha the democrats are asking be called. Well, one thing i have learned, judy, in my first year in congress is that my crystal ball is broken. Pe i have sttrying to predict the future and what people are going to do. I cant ctrol mitch mcconnell. I cant control the senate. You know, i will continue to call for a fair trial. I was asked yesterny during interview what my advice would be for core gardner, one of our senators from colmyorado. Andvice is simple go back and read the oath. You know, its the same oath that i took earlier in the year. Its our north star. O it calus to put the Country First and to put the wellbeing of our fellow citizens above your own personal wellbeing. Oodruff congressman jason crow of colorado, thank you very much. Thanks, judy. Woodruff and wel have woodruff we will have full liveoverage of the house floor debate and votes on impeachmort starting tw at 9 00 a. M. Eastern, online, and check your local stations listings for broadcast. In the days other news, the senate gave final approval to a pentagonpending blueprint worth nearly 740 billion. It includes a 3 pay raise for military personnel, the most in more than a decade. Lawmakers also added 12 weeks of paid parental leave for federal President Trump has said he will sign the bill. E president s former Deputy Campaign manager rick gates now fa days in jail, and 36 months of probation. Nc he was sen tod in inderal court in washington, 22 months after pleguilty to lying to investigators and conspiracy. Gates could have gotten five to six years in jail, but the judge cited his cooperation with the special counsels russia pakistans former military ruler Pervez Musharraf was sentenced to death, in absentia, today. He had been charged with treason for declarinmergency in 2007, and suspending all civil liberties. A special Antiterrorism Court anunced the verdict, and t death sentence. For the first time a military dictator has been punished by the court under the constitution and the law. And it was overdue. Woodruff musharraf seized power in 1999, and ruled until 2008. He is now living in dubai. His lawyer said he will appeal the courts decision. In neighboring india, an outcry against a new citizenship lawad sprecross more of the country. Some of the demonstrations in new delhi turned violent as angry protesters clashed with police for a third day. Officers fired tear gas to push back the crowds. Protests also broke out in west bengal and other states. The focus is a new law that grants citizenship to nonmuslim migrants who are in india illegally. Unions in france called new protests today against president emanuel macrons pla to restructure pensions. Scuffles wn some areas. Elt the protests were larg peaceful, with thousands lighting red flares and marching thfrench cities. Union membs insisted crippling transit strikes will continue, right through thholidays. translated if we accept a christmas break, then were stopping the strike. If we dont strike, then macron is passing his reform, since he said hes passing it in january. So, we have to stop him. People didnt strike f about 15 days just to stop and say, no, lets go see santa claus. woodruff workers from the paris opera and the eiffel towee joined the ps. Activists also cut electricity to 100,000 homes and businesses in paris. At the vatican, pope francis abolished the socalled ponfical secrecy rule in cases of sexual abuse by clergy. Victims had charged the rule was used to protect pedophiles and block police investigations. They welcomed todays announcement, but said they want backed up with action. China commissioned its second Aircraft Carrier today, further expanding its military power in asia. President xi jinping attended a ceremony on Hainan Island in thd dispouth china sea. It was part of his wideranging military buildup. This is the first aircraft carrr built in china. Beijing bought a sovietera carrier from ukraine, 8. Back in this country, ford anunced it is adding 3,000 jobs over the next three years at two ftories near detroit. The automaker said it will invest nearly 1. 5 billion to build new pickup trucks, s. U. V. s, and electric vehicles. Hiring begins next year. And, on wall street, the maj indexes edged higher into record territory. The Dow Jones Industrial average gained 31 points to close at 28,267. The nasdaq rose nine points, and, the s p 500 added one point. Still to come on the newshour after fatal crashes and controversy, boeing halts production on the 737 max jet. The family at the center of theo crisis and the ten billion dollars they took for themselves. The white houses policies threaten a haven for refugees in the heart of trump country. Plus much more. Woodruff just about a month ago, boeing said it mapected its 73jets to return to the skies next monly. Thats cleot happening and now the Aerospace Giant, and its suppliers, are preparingor harder times this winter. Production of the jet will shut down for now, beginning in january. Asur aviation corresponden miles obrien tells us, theres concern over those ripple effects and whether the safety concerns are being adequately addressed. Reporter this is what it looks like at a boeing airfields ttle dozens of new 737 max jets sitting idle. Thousands of others that have been ordered are on indefinite hold as the Aerospace Giant still from the government to fly those planes again. L analyse Joe Schwieterman say boeing is feeling more pain. This has shaken the company to its core. Reporter today, the biggest max customer in the u. S. , southwest airlines, announced it is canceling thousands of flights until midapril and will find alternate flights seats for affected passengers. The airlines themselves are in just a terrible spot because theyre selling spring break, theyre selling summer without knowledge of what their fleet is. Reporter since march, all7 ax jets have been grounded worldwide following a pair of crashes in indonesia and plhiopia that killed 346 p yesterdays decision came just days afterfehe head of the ral Aviation Administration testified on capitol hill. The situation with the 73 max is unpredented in many respts. Reporter unlike boeings optimistic estimates, he gave no timeline for when the plane would be back in t sky. We need to make sure the blic has confidence in that airplane and im confident that i would my own family and those boeing employees would put their reporter lawmakers also released a report alleging federal authorities and boeing knew about problems with an in Flight Control system after the first crash happened in indonesia, and still didnt ground the plane. A whistleblower from boeings factoedry said he to sound the alarm. The 737 factory was in chaos. Every single factory h metric was getting record low marks. Each one was trending in the wrong direction. Reporter boeing says it is working to get the 737 max flying again. In the meantime, the companyla says it has no to layoff the 12,000 workers at the main 737 max plant. Woodruff and miles joins me now to explore some of the the f. A. A. Stions forg and hello to you, miins. So we hearour piece analysts talking about what a risk this represents for being. Boeing is now saying no layoffs. But the 737 max is a big piece of their bids, isnt it. Its big pease of their bids, and its a pretty big piece of the econo in general. While boeing can keep those employees on the line in anincipation of spothings back up relatively quickly, when you start looking down the supply chain at some of their vendors who supply them with various widgets, pieces, and parts for the air dont have the deep pockets to be able to withstand this. So lk for layoffs sooner in the larger ecosyst, if you will. Woodruff miles, we havene lemore in the last week or so about what was going on internally at the f. A. A. In the period after the first craavsh. Whatwe learned about what was happening there . After the indonesian crash, there was an aalysis of what the real risks were of this particular system that was atth e root cause of that crash. E it was dermined that the 737 ldcas max as it is cou result in a fatal accident every two or three years, ch in this day and age is a way unacceptable ratce of acident. The f. A. A. Made the decision not to ground the aircraft, however, although a lot of experts would say there would be good reason to do so. They said they would give the pilots a thorough briefing about the mcasystem, the system at the root of the problem, and put the airplanes back ino service. Unfortunately, of course, there was a second crash, and theg groundcurred after that. Woodruff and miles, this plays into the larger concerns that have been out there about whether the f. A. A. Has frankly abdicated too much of the oversight, the certifications to the idustry. Well, you know, the basic theory, judy, is that no one in the industry wants an unsafe aircraft. That is true. When you talk to people, andthe f. A. A. Over the years, however, has reduced the number of boots on the ground in these the inspection process to the of industry itself. This is a way to save money, and the idea is that theres a mutual goal toward safety. But wh things getpe comtive, there are a lot of temptations to cut corners, and boeing was in a very heated competition with airbus to out the door. Woodruff finally, miles, what about the speculation about whether th737 max is ever going to come back . Wel l, theres a lof speculation on this front, and understandably so. I mean, i thtenk quirankly the traveling public has a fairly short memory of these sorts of things. Frankly, the traveling public i looking for west fare when they book a fligh the real question i think isasnd the try, have the pilots, have the insurance industry, has it lost faith in the 73 max. Aircraft that miger fly. S is an woodruff miles obrien reporting on todays developments around the 737 max and boeing. Thank you, miles. Youre welcome, judy. Woodruff newly relsed Court Documents reveal that the family behind purdue pharmaceuticals, maker of e highly addictive painkiller oxycontin, withdrew over ten billion dollars from the company as the Opioid Epidemic got worse and worse. As William Brangham reports, this will only increase the scrutiny of the Sackler Family brangham thats right, judy. As part of bankruptcy filing in new york, an internal audit done by the company was released in court last night. That audit revealed that in the first 12 years of oxycontin sales, fm 1995 to 2007, purdue distributed just over a billion dollars to the Sackler Family t but decade after 2007, after purdue pled guilty to federal charges of misleading doctors and regulators about the addictiveness of oxycontin, purdues distributions to thesa lers skyrocketed to 10. 7 billion. On this was being transferred while the opioid addictionne crisis worsed, and as legal and public scrutiny of the company, and the family, was ramping up. Maura healey is the attorney general for massachusetts and is one of the many atto general suing purdue and the Sackler Family. Attorney general, welcome back to the newshour. This audit that was done by purdue showed, as i just described,hat from 2007 to 2017 10 billion is moved from the company to the Sackler Family. I get thast there an obvious outrage factor to that. What is the legal cae that that transfer of money is a problem . Well, there ist an rage factor because as the sacklers are looking to pump as much oxy into the market as possible, theyre also sucking all of those profits and sales out of the company and putting those profits into their own pockets. Its legally of significance, because our state was the first state to sue not onlry pudue, but the sacklers individually for their direct role in the illegal, unlawful marketing and sale of oxy. D the problem legally with what the sacklers have done and the reason we hve sued them ad the reason were fighting them in court is because the sacklers under law should not be able to shield themselves from liability, hidthat money essentially that theyve stolenh essentiallrough this bankruptcy process. So purdue has filed bankruptcy. The sacklers are ting the use that proceeding to say, hey, we dont need to pay any of that money ck, and in the legal world, william, we talk about when a company individuals do something bad and they make a whole will the of money off of it, we call those ill gotten gains. This is the vey definition of an ill got ingain, and why the sacklers need to be hel accountable and need to pay up. Thats what justice demand, ands thhat families all over this country, william, are looking for. Brangham do you have ae sense of what money is right now . Well, this is part of the problem. Thmsacklers have played es with their money for decades now. A lot of it has been proved off shore, and they have used all sorts of legal arrangements to shield those assets. Were gointo continue to pursue them. I know my colleagues will also pursue them. But hopefully whathis report shows is essentially what we had very complaint, that theiled our sacklers operated through greed, they exploited vulnerable people, they made boatloads of money off of it, and thy took all of that money for themselves out of the company. Thats why well continue to fight them in the bankruptcy eurt, and thats why wll continue to pursue them. Brangham we reached out the a lawyer for some of the sackler, and they gave us a statement today. I would like to read you part of that. This lawyer said, thesest bution numbers were known at the time the propose settlement was agreed to by two dozen attorneys general and thousands of local governments. They have been public forh months, ands filing reflects the fact that more than half was paid in taxes and reinvested in busisses that will be sold as part of the proposed settlement. The Sackler Family hopes to reach a productive resolution for the public benefit. So theyre saying everybody knew abou this, most of theney went to taxes and reinvestment, and as y know, they have also put forward this idea that that will pay 3 bioflion as par this big national settlement. But i take it from what youre saying thats not enough. Oh, its outrageous. Lets be clear, william, right, 10 billion, first of all, we didnt know the extent of everything tey had taken out of the company and we still dont know the full extent. More work needs to ne. Sex, we dont know the net worth, the central you, how much money the saklers actually have, because that is important. They are going to be held legally accountable, and they will mead to pay up. So they have not been forthcoming with their financial information. Is a family that through history has sought to hide their financial assets. They continue to fight us at every turn. Er remehere, william, the only reason that we know this informatn is because purdue now in bankruptcy controlled essentiay by another entity has produced this information. The sacklers themselves have not been forthcoming. So this is what weve seen from them and exactly why they need to pay up. As for the proposed deal, it stinks. Okay. Audit report reveesterdays youre talking about a family that is offering to pay 3ot billion,y the way, from their own pocket, they want that 3 blion to come from future oxy sales overseas by their foreign company. They have not offered a dime of their own personal money, not t say the le any of the profits, the 10 billion plus that they took from the company in the last few years. So this is where we are with things. Its why the majority of a. G. S opposed the proposed settlement. We continue to fight this in court. And ultimately were going to go wherever we need to go so that there is justice and justice will take the form of holdingab purdue accou, but also holding the sacklers accountable. Brangham all right, attorney general maura healey of massachusetts, thank you very much. Great to be with you, william. Woodruff stay with us, the effect that toress and. Poverty has on the development of babies brains. And behind the scenes he author of the childrens classic dont let the pigeon drive the bus , as the book takes the presidt trump has limited the number of refugees who may enter the united stateto the lowest orvel in decades. As john yang repts, that policy is having an effect in what may seem like an unlikely place. This rept is part of our look at poverty and economic dream. Ty, chasing the yang its fourth period at the Geo International high school in Bowling Green, kentucky. For 19yearold rehema twizere, this math class is jt a small part of a ueling routine. Shes been up since 5 30. When school endshe rushes across town to trace die cast, where she works til almost midnight. Its hard, but i have to it anyway. Yang hard, but much easierhe than tife she left behind three years ago in her native uganda. After school there, she spent hours trekking long distances to gather water and firewood. Here is not bad. You would do all those but you would not get paid. Ma i don much. Yang but its yours. Uhhuh its minedoesnt belong to anyone. Yang twizeres story is surprisingly common here. E whntuckys total population ranks in the middle of the 50 states, in the 12 months ending september 30th, it resettled the 5th most refugees. An outsized number of them ended up here in the small but growing city of Bowling Green. Their first stop is usually thce internationaer of kentucky, which has helped resettle refugees since 1981. Albert mbanfu is the executi director. When i moved to Bowling Green, my thought was, ilcoming to this little sm city and i dont think well have up 10 refugees. yang between october 2018 and this septeer alo, more than 460 refugees came to Bowling Green. Now, though, President Trumps immigration policies are creating uncertainty for those seeking refuge here. This fall, the administration set the cap on refugees at 18,000 for the year that began in october. Thats the lowest level since the official u. S. Resettlement Program Began in 1980. And Bowling Green, the seat of Warren County, which the president won with almost 60 percent of the vote in 2016, felt the change immediately. Didnt resettle a single refugee, the first time thats happened in his six yes as director what would you say if you had ththopportunity to sit down President Trump . Search your soul. T. The United States is the greatest natn in the world. And with that, they should have that moral responsibility to say we will give back a little to save mankind. Yang more concerning to mbanfu . No another trump cement. Making clear that ugeese action, will be resettled in any city o any state withe express written consent of that city or at state. Yang refugee advocates feared the movcould mean big sections of the country shutting their doors to resettlement. The state department told refugee agencies to get written consent from governors and county executives. More than a dozen state and local governments answered bywo saying thed continue to welcome refugees. Warren countys executive didnt respond to requests for comment but bowling gryor Bruce Wilkerson said hed welcome the chance to have a say. If they just give me a number and say were gonna give you a thousand refugees today where are they from . Do they have any skills, do they have any family members here . Skills, no educatid justwith no simply a new individual, thats going to take a lot more of our resources to try to work with. Yang researchers say that, in 2016, immigrants contributed more than 60 million to the countys economy. At trace die cast, the auto parts maker wherrehema twizere works, refugees and immigrants make up re than 60 of the workforce. Whats more, trace has abong 40 job operight now that could be filled by refugees. Chris guthrie is. E. O. Of the family owned company. Ee we really need more ref and more immigrants coming into Bowling Green and not thats not just a trace die cast problem. Thats all the businesses here, theres a really lack of employees. And for our economy to grow, we need to have people moving here to help to fill those jobs. If that pipeline is cut off, then, then the whole community here will suffer from that. Yang but for local schools, the refugee population prents challenges. The Warren CountySchool Districts perpupil funding hat been amo lowest in the state. Superintendent rob clayton enrolling students day after day coming from Refugee Resettlement situations does impact our schools iterms of the available resources that are necessary to enroll these students. Its not as simple as walking in g e door and giving a child a schedule and say to class. Kentuckys only fouryear high school designed for international and refugee students. Finds himself trying to counter the president s rhetoric. Our children have come to me before and have asked me, you know, why is our president saying this . He doesnt know what its like in my country. re as teachers, whe ones that are sometimes the best examples that they have of what americans are. And that putsia lot of resplity on us as educators to try to show them that, yoknow, just because politicians say one thing doesnt me that were all like that. Yang Ndayiragije Isack ownsl an internatirocery store in Bowling Green. He came to the unitestates 10 years ago from a rugee camp in tanzania, where he remembers seeing bags of flour donated by , ericans. So wed be lthese people are nice. I ey are giving this. When i get thereed to give back. yang so seven years ago, isack joined the Army National guard. He says his dream is to serve overseas. When im hearing this comment that we are a drain, what can wo etter . My question would be. What can we do better for you to be hpy with us . Yang so that others yearning to breathe free can have the same chance at a better life. For the pbs newshour, im john yang in Bowling Green, kentucky. Woodruff resyirchers are to better understand the biology of stress, and the many ways toxic stress can affect a childs health. Stephanie sy has a report produced by yahoo news about how frequent or prolonged adversity for a mother could affect the development of the baby. Reporter when i met lisa thompson, like me, she was five months pregnant. So youre due . December 5th. Reporter which is the same exact day that im due, congratulations. Thank you. Reporter lisa is 18 years old, and six months earlier, had been homeless. How have you been doing as far as the stress of pregnancy . I have had a lot of depression a lot. So me and the dad kind of hes happy about it, he says he is going to be there but imrr d that he is not going to be there. Reporter did you think you would be doing it on your own . No. I mean i know my mom did it on her own when she was pregnant with me but its kind of scary because i dont want my baby to have a life like that. Im sorry. My dad wasnt there when i was born and basically thats all i know. N reporter researchers now believe poverty gin in the womb if a mother is exposed to toress. When we are stressed, our heart rate goes up, our Blood Pressure goes up, stress hormones get released in our bloodstream. Toxic stress is when those systems are activated most of the time. Reporter dr. Jack shonkoff, a renowned expert on Early Childhood development, heads the center on the developing child at harvard university. Toxic stress is not about the cause of thetress, its the biological response to the stress and an environment thatra isht with stresses affects gene expression. It affects how some genes turn o on or tu. Reporter in utero . From the moment of conception until the moment you die. Reporter in west virginia, al moms in an effort to understand how the stresses of poverty might affeci them, children and even their unborn babies. F atd pantry held monthly at hope United Methodist church, i meet kristen. She asked that we not use her last name, but sharelife story seemingly fraught with stress. This is my daughter skyler, e of three. I have a 10yearold and a 13 yearold. I got pregnantt 16. My mother and father were boct addiand alcoholics and i had a rough childhood. H ok this isim. Hello im at a church thing. Reporter so where are you now . Trying to get away from an usive guy. Ou if yont believe me you can talk, am i at the church right now . Reporter can you just tell me about the stresses you were going through when you were i was on subute i was pregnant with her. What is that . To get off opiates. This is her dad calling. Im really sorry, but ive got to go pick him up from work, but she had had withdrawals,nd i went through postpartum depression. I was alone. I didnt have any support. My mom lives in tennsee. I dont have a lot of family, and my mom was not the greatest strive to be what she wasnt. We have studied resilience in the face of poverty, theres one feature at comes out from which is one of the most outcomes in the face of good adversity is the presence of at least one reliable, responsive, protective relationship with an important person. It can be very oen is a parent, can be another family member, a grandparent, olderou sibling it c be a neighbor. Reporter shonkoff says this new ological understanding suggests breaking the poverty cycle begins with pregnant moms and the right kind of support. Were already increasing the likelihoodhat that next generation will do better as a reporr the science may be new but the National OrganizationNurse Family Partnership has been putting it to practice for nearly four decades. Nurses like lori rogers in Montgomery Alabama pay home visits to first time mothe,me providing dical checkups, and helping them set goals. One of the things n. F. P. Does, is to make sure that hey were asking what do you want to do with your life . Whats important to you, you know . Hey, od morning were going to sit over here . Yes maam. Typically our visiconsists of how they havbeen since i was last there, i try to weigh brii, i might get some measurements on her. We typicallyalk about latereta how her job is going. S okay, well thiis a dated job lst so since you said that youve kind of sooking, i thought id give you this and just see, there might be something there. Reporter the new scienceng says d the type of thinking involved in goal setting actually changes the brain, which is a key to ale function success. When the rk is done well, helps to change brain wiring so that the individuals can basically become the navigators of tir own lives. Reporter beth babcock is head of a progm based in boston called empath, which uses the latest neuroscience to coach families towarbetter outcomes. Were seeing families that, when we work with th three years or more, are almost doubling their incomes. The real process of helping people move out of poverty is the process of standing beside and helping them see themselves and their future in a different way. Reporter in a sense it comes down to loveproviding love mah countetoxic effects of povertyrelated stress. A surprisingly lowtech way toan address what ad Brain Science has revealed. For the pbs newshour, im stephanie sy. Woodruff to watch the complete documentary, go to yahoo. Com babybrain. Woodruff author an illustrator mo willems has created beloved characters and sold millions of chis books. Now hes ting the stage and making new kinds of work for both kids and grownups. Correspondent paul solman has the story. Its part of our ongoing series on as and culture, canvas. Reporter now playing at the Kennedy Center in washington, onc. , a musical about a pi who really, really, really wants to drive a bus, based on a book by one of americas bestselling authors. My name is mo willems. cheers and applause reporter this latterday dr. Seuss even spruced up the time honored tv walking shot to cover our narration introducing him, letting his pion do the walking. Mo willems has created over 50 books about characters from thte bous bird to anxious elephant and upbeat piggie, to abandoned kanuffle bunny,et nanettes ba. Willems is now the Kennedy Centers first educatiaist inresidence, making music, art with the pigeon musical. There grown adults playingwid screaming and running around. Hopelly thats goi to engender notust laughs onn stage, but we kids go home the grown ups will pick up a stuffed animal and pretendpehat its a pand start to be silly again. Im more interested in sparking some sort of creativity, some type of joy. That happens after the show,af r the performance. After you read the book. Reporter is that why the drawings are so simple . Absolutely. Fery one of my characters is designed so thate year old can reproduce it. I want my books to be played, not just read. The most important part of the book, the hearof the book, is the audience reacting to what ive splattered on the page. Reporter and by audience you dont just mean the kid. You mean the pent or grandparent whos reading it. Absolutely. Reporter acting it out. The voices. I need u. You are my orchestra, right . And if i write a book called happy bunny had a happy time in it. Py land, youre going to read evy had a happy time. And you skip a couple pages. Reporter oh, god. And the end. Reporter ive been there. Ee weve allthere. But if i write something that jazzes you and get you to get the shameectomy, to yelling and screaming and jumping up and down and maybe tickling or what not, now, ddenly these books are magic. Reporter willems work is silly, for sure, but it also explores qstions central to kids. Youre just dealing with fundamtal things. Why are we here . Or why are people niceen why ar people nice . What can i do . Can i drive a bus . Pigeon drive the b wast the willems firstook in 2003. On so the pias rejected by and i tend to exaggerate so well just cut that number in s. Half, 23 billion publish and th said the exact same thing as the publisher that took the book. They said its unusual. They were all right. The question is, iunusual pejorative or is it positive . Reporter so why did they all say no . Well, because its terrifying doing something that hasnt been done before, right . I mean, its a book all in w dialh sort of a Chicken Scratch drawing. Au thence is told ihas to yell no back at the book. Al , its a pigeon. Its a rat with wings. Like ahildrens book is supposed to be an adorable bear or a wonderful bunny. Something that y want to hug. Nobody wants to hug and squeeze a pigeon, but now they do. Reporter that first bookle earned w the first of three caldecotts, the highest prize in kid lit. K the pigeon just arrived one day in a sketchbd literally the first drawing i made of the pigeon, the pigeone said, why u drawing other things . He was a jerk from day one. Imeporter you didnt hear say that you. We communicate through doodles. So part of the exploration for this py was for me to ask who is this pigeon . Which is also me asking, who am i . Which is why i need to be with very Close Friends who can tell me the honest truth. Reporter willems cowrote t script with tom warburton, a friend since the two wereim ors 25 years ago and an admirer of willems first film the man who yelled. Mo was veryood at branding. He was already mo willems even before he was doing was doing his picture books. Reporter well he in that in that film. Yeah. Reporter he must mention his name. I dont know how many times. Not just in that film and everything he does, he mentions his name over and over and over again. Yes, yeah. That was that was just the start. G oh dness a sheep reporter over the years e two collaborated on the Cartoon Networks shortlived sheep in the big city. When we would look at the ratings, you would get a five. That was the number of people watching it. It was an unpopular show reporter but their show codename kids next door was a hit. Willems went on to write for sesame street, for which he won six emmys. The musical poses a different problem. How do you take a 40 page book abo a pigeon not being able to drive a bus and turn it into an hour long musical. Reporter sck to a good story for kids, says Deborah Wicks la puma, who wrote the music. So you cant linger in a moment for the sake of lingerinr in a momenounding beautiful. You know, the kids want to know what the story is ind whats happ reporter willems as always kept the childs point of view front and center. Childhood is inherently unpleasant. Nothing is to your scale. Right. The chairs, these chairs are saying. Th re giant. Theyre saying you dont belong here. You really shouldnt even beg sittre. Right. And everything is big because right. Nt know youre new. And the grownups, they take you out of situations like if youre doing something and youre having fun, some giant pair of hands grabs you and picks you up and puts you in another room and you get in trouble for complaining . Reporter from beethoven to bird. Like to ask, do you know how the swim . I know nothing about. This i am painting on a scain ive nver d before, but there is no wrong way to express yourself. Reporter for the pbs newshour, this is paul solman, a new friend of willems, an old friend of his books, in washington, d. C. And my home outside boston. Woodruff and thats the newshour for tonight. Im judy woodruff. Member the pbs newshour politico democratic debate takes place thursday night at 8 00 p. M. Eastern im heading out to los angeles tomorrow. For all of us at tth pbs newshourk you and see you soon. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by the ford foundation. Woeing with visionaries on frontlines of social change worldwide. Carnegie corporation of new york. Supporting innovations in educatenn, democratic gement, and the advancement of International Peace and security. At carnegie. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions d individuals. Pr thiram was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contribions to your pbs thank you. Viewers like you. Captioning sponsored by ll newshour productions, c ptioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org ati narrates today. Ah you saw how tender it is . I didnt even have to make an effort were tackling one of the classics. And youre gon do this without me, that youre gonna to have do so wellnt chilorio, a recipe that is sure to become a keeper in your home. Im taking you stepbystep though this truly iconic chilorio,mexican staple,is sure to and were using it two ways. S a simple but perfectly satisfying light meal, a Flour Tortilla and covered in melted cheese, a sincronizada. And a crowd pleaser, eggs, corn tortillas, you see where im going here, migas. Mmm, this is too good pati narrates in mexico, im taking you to the town known as the cradle ofch, and we need a little sweet to go with that savory chilorio