And weve invested 10, 15, 20, 30 years, some of them in their skillset. T and we wanto keep those as long as we can. Woodruff all that and more on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by and by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Gypporting science, techno and improved Economic Performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. Carnegie Corporation New york. Supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of International Peace and security. Carnegie. Org. E ongoing support of these institutions and individus. His program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by conibutions to your pbs statiofrom viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff the speaker of the u. S. House of representatives is flatly accusing President Trump of bribery, a day before the Second Public hearing on impeachment. Nancy pelosi pointed today to what mr. Trump called a favor,u askiaine to investigate democrats, the 2016 election and the bidens. The bribe is to grant or withhold military assistance in return for a Public Statement of a fake investigation into the elections. That bribery. What the psident has admitted to and says is perfect, i say its perfectly wrong. Its bribery. Woodruff the constitution explicitly mentions bribery as grounds for peachment. Meanwhile, the Associated Press reports a second u. S. Embassy staffer in kiev overheard President Trump discussing ukraine, and the investigations he wanted, in a cell phone call. That call first came to light at yesterdays impeachment hearings. For more, Amiche Alcindor joins me from washington. Yamiche, pretty strong words from the speaker of the house. How does this fit in to the democrats strategy at this point . And what is the wouse saying . Speaker nancy pelosi is trying to put the simplest terms possible what shebe descas President Trumps ukraine in exchar anxtort investigation into joe biden and hunter biden. So democrats want to mae that point simply because they think that americans who are just tuning in might not understand the latin term qd pro quo which is what a lot of people in washington, d. C. , including some democrats, he been saying in describing President Trumps alleged actions. So shes really trying to get democrats, as well as the American Public to use starte using erm bribery because she wants that to be what people think of as they think about th impeachment intaers. The white house is pushing back on that. The president didnt speak publicly about it but he wasy tweeting, g the democrats are going down this unfair path of impeachment, of this impeachment inquiry. He also tweeted something thatv way interesting. He said where is the fake whistleblower . Thats important, becae whistleblowers attorneys have sent a letter to the white house saying he needs to cease and desist talking about the whistleblowers anonymity, talking about the whistleblowers identity, and, essential lie, the president i saying im not going to stop doing this. Iswant to know who th whistleblower is. Woodruff and just quickly, yamiche what, do we look for from tomorrow a impeachment hearing . Tomorrow, were going to havd a seublic hearing. Were going to be hearing from the former ukrainian ambassador, she was the ambassador to the ukraine for the u. S. , heram ne is marie yovanovitch. Shy has 33 years of service as a Foreign Service officer. E has also been nominated by both the republican and democratics. Theyre going to be making the case shes not a victi per se. Theyve stopped using that term, but that she is someone who ould be sympathetic to t american people. I have heard and aides have told me that she cried during her deposition. So tomorrow might be an emotional day. We should also be looking forward to the deposition of david homes. Holmes. Ambassador speaking to President Trump wanting an investigation into the bidens. Its going to be really interesting to watch what comes up on the of the depositions but also what comes out of the public hearings. Woodruff serious business. YAmiche Alcindor, thank you. Woodruff please join us tomorrow morning starting at 9 00 a. M. Eastern for liveia spcoverage of the Second Public impeachment hearing. Woodruff in the days other news, a gunman killed two students and wounded three at a Southern California high school, and then, shot himself. It happened at saugus high scdeol in santa clarita, out los angeles. Was also a student, who had just turned 16 today. Detectives have reviewed the deo at the scene which clearly shows the subject in the quad withdraw a handgun from his backpack, shoot and wound five people, and then shoot himself in the head. There are no other subjects who are outstanding as part of this inincident or who took par this assault. Woodruff the alleged shooter was in grave condition this evening. Ofgcials said they are work to piece together a motive. In the mdle east, a ceasefire ended two days of israeli air strikes and rock attacks by islamic jihad, the Palestinian Militants backed by iran. With the calm, came mourning in gaza, where hundreds attended the funeral of eight family members killed in a single air strike. In all, 34 palestinians died during the fighting. Israel triggered the exchange by lling the groups top gaza commander. And in iraq, new bloodshed in baghdad. Security forces shot and killed four more antigovernment protesters and wounded more than 60 today. Demonstrators fled from live fire and tear gas and carried the wounded away. But they also called for a Million People to turn out tomorrow. At least 320 people have been protests broke out last month. Protesters in hong kong paralyzed the city for a fourth straight day. Hundreds marched along thent l business area, using emptied trash bins to cut offc. Traf meanwhile, students built barricades. Police said those at chinese roiversity of hong kong are a step closer to tsm. Ahe school has been used weapon factory and an arsenal with all kinds of oflinsive weapon bows and arrows and catapults. It is also evident that it has become a Manufacturing Base for petrol bombs. Woodruff chineseresident xi jinping called today for severely punishing those he termed violent criminals. Back in this country, President Trump asked the u. S. Supreme urt today to block a subpoena for his income tax returns. State prosecutors in new york are seeking the returns from the president s acuntants. Todays filing asks the high court to decide the case by next june. A state Department Report says Trump Administration officials removed an iran expert from her post, over her iranian background and her work in the obama administration. The departments Inspector General says brian hook, the special representative on iran, made the reassignment. Hook says he did not consider any improperactors. Kentuckys republican governor to his democratic opponent. Today checked last weeks electionle tallies. Bevin still trailed attorneydy general eshear by more than 5,000 votes, and he said today he would accept the result. Weve already been working, conversations havehad and will continue to i think we ould continue to expect have a smooth transition. I rsh attorney general besh well as he transitions to his next role in this state. Its a big resnsibility. Woodruff republicans won the other statewide races in kentucky, but ben faced the fallout from various controversies he had triggered. Former president jimmy carter is ftid to be recovering well having surgery to relieve pressure from bleeding in his skull. His family minister says the 95 yearold carter was up and walking at an atlanta hospital yesterday, one day after the procedure. There is no word yet on when he will be released. On wall street today, not much change, either way. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost one point to close below 27,782. The nasdaq fell three points, and the s p 500 added two. And, scientists at the university of washington want to hear from old dogs out there 10,000 of them. They need data for the dog aging project, the largest the results could shed new light on how dogs, and ultimately, humans, grow old. Owners can nominate their pets online. Still to come on the newshour m white nationald the white house a top president ial advisors ti to a hateful eology. On the ground wh afghanistan e a resurgent taliban is fighting for control. The that of superbugs infectious bacteria immune to antibiotics. And much more. Woodruff the Southern Poverty Law Center has made public excerpts of emails sent by white house Senior Adviser Stephen Miller, a key figure shaping immigration policy for President Trump. The email messages from 2015 a 2016 show millers support of White Nationalist websites and ideologies. Reporter jean guerrero, with the san diego public media station kpbs, is writing a book on miller and joins me to talk about what these emails say and his thinking as he exertsshed on influence on the president s approach to immigration. Jean guerrero, welcome back to the newshour. Great to be here. Woodruff tell us, first of all, these emails were an exchange between Stephen Miller and whom . They were changes between Stephen Miller and breitbart. There are abtt 900 o emails, and they were sent when he was working for Alabama Center Jeff Sessions and while he was on the trump mpaign. And essentially, what happened is there was a breitbart editor named katyccoup was fired in 2017. Shy since rennced the farright movement, and she decided she was going to take these emails and share them with the southern poverty lawenter to expose the White Nationalism that she says is affect ago or influencing the Trump Administration in its formation of immigration policies. Woodruff and just for those who might not know, breitbart a farright news website, and thats where she worked until she was fired, we undetand, a couple of years ago. So go tell us what whats the content of the eails . They were exchanging their thoughts, their ideas on what breitbart should be covering. I knowhats part of it. Exactly. So, mccoup had been introduced to mboller as so who was going to be influencing the direction of her reporting and the porting of oher editors at breitbart. So he was providing materials, often from white supremacist websites, White Nationalist literature, and encouraging them to draw from it in teir coverage, in their stories. What i found to be the most olling from reviewing so these emails is that at one int, Stephen Miller recommends that they do a story about this book called camp of the saints. Its an incredibly ist book that depicts thet end of white world thats how they put it, the end of the white world as the result of an invasion of refugees. S and its just itfilled with extreme lie degrading descriptions of migrants. Just to give an example of the kind of ret tick it includes, all the kinkyhaired swarthy skinned longdespised phantoms, the teemingg ants toor the white mans comfort. These descriptions of migrants that are very egrading fill book. And what happened is julia hawn he encouraged breitbart d editors too a story showing parallels between the book andi reale. So julia hawn, who was an editor there as well and who is now a special assistant to the president , did a story saying tic ande book was prop that it showed what was going to happen at the border, what was happening at the border, and that potentially immigration was going to lead to the doom of society. After that, steve bannon, who was then a breitbart executive and who word formp as chief strategist after that, he also started referencing the book repeatedly after Stephen Miller recommended it to breitbart. And he said that itscribed that basically te book had been prophetic and the doom described in the book was going to be happening now in the uned states. Woodruff so the white house and i want to ask you about the effect this has had on immigration policy but the white house is saying, but, wait a minute. Poverty law cente which they say is a leftleaning organization, that they know already opposes them. E and soy tyre basically saying this material is suspect. Exactly. They have not explicitly denied the content emails, but they have said that the Southern Poverty Law Center is theyve called it a leftwing smear organization. What the center is and has been doing for several years is exposing hate groups and trying to shed light on White Supremacists and White Nationalist groups. Essentially saying that thes organization is a smear organization, and that they ar are their rerting and analysis is not to be taken seriously. Woodruff jean guerrero, as we said, youre writing a book about Stephen Miller, how has what youve seen in these email changes, how does thaconne to what the administrations policies have been towardsto immigrantsrds refugees and any of the policies Stephen Miller has had a hand in . W ll, what these emails show is some of the White Nationalism thats informing the formation of these policies. Whats interesting is so Stephen Miller is the ahitect of the Trump Administration a border and immigrationolicies. And President Trump has repeatedly said that hes fosed on cutting off illegal immigration, that he wants to go after cminals, after drug traffickers, after r wists. But whve actually seen over the course of the pst over the course of his presency is that theyve limited legal immigration. Theyve ne afterefugees, theyve gone after asylum seekers, largely frm nonwhite countries. So what the emails show and indicate is some of the White Nationalist ideologies that may have gone to informing the formation of those policies, which large lie echo some of the groups that Stephen Miller was drawing from that he was communicating with and sharing with to breitbart. Woodruff well, jean guerrero, doing a lot of reporting on this. A i knoyou said, there are a lot of emails out there to examine. I than people will want to look at the emails themselves. I know thereosted on the Southern Poverty Law Center site. Thank you very much. We appreciate it. Thank you. Ur woodruff now, to afghanistan, andxclusive look behind taliban lines. The u. S. Has been fighhere since the 9 11 attacks by al qaeda. Thn were hosted in afghanis by the taliban, a movement of radical, militant islamic extremts that ruled with a harsh interpretation of islam. A u. S. Led coalition ousted them in 2001, but the taliban quickly formed into an insurgent group, fighting the american mitary and democratic Afghan Government that replaced them. Now, 18 years later, fighting there rages more violently than ever and some are drawing attention to the tactics used in the fight against the taliban. Our special correspondent Jane Ferguson recently met members of the taliban in wardak province, near the capital kabul to report, with their constant presence, on the shadow war that rages largely out of view. Reporter these are the faces of americas most persistent enemy. U. S. Soldiers have been battling the taliban for nearly two decades in the nations longest war. Leading up to 9 11, the taliban ruled over most of afghanistan, giving refe to al qaeda and its traini camps. American troops were sent toro destthe taliban. Yet 18 years later, th rr fightem freely across more of this country than any pointd since 2001, ese commanders say they are close to victory. translat i am fully confident that america is being defeated and will be defeated. H and they will iliated when they leave. Reporter they talk with us, facetoce, out in the open, even as arby, we hear the sound of their fighters clashing with afghan govement forces. After months of serious negotiations, liban leaders and the Trump White House came close to doing a deal in september that would have en some of the 13,000 american soldiers withdraw froman aftan in exchange for peace talks between the taliban and the u. S. Backed Afghan Government. It fell through at the last minute, and the Group Continues to fight Afghan Forces and their american advisors every day, but they know President Trump still wants america out of this war. translated yes we have won. They are definitely leaving, whether by force of through negotiations. Reporter our journey to et with the taliban began at sunrise, travelling far outside the capital, kabul, to wardak province. Its so dangerous for westerners in these regions now, the only way i can travel safely isy disguising myself as an afghan woman, in a full burkha to covef ace and completely shroud my body. These roads show the scars of conflict, smashed by explosions. Each crater marks the spot of an i. E. D. Or governments are hunkered down in small outposts on one de of the road. On the other, the taliban occupy everything. So o, escorts came and met us and ey are in a motorcycle leading our car awayff the main road and into the mountainous ar here. This is one of the most violent parts of the country. Just as we have arrived here where we are going to be interviewing the taliban commander, ironically we are very close to government positions, and gun battles can be heard in the distance. Despite the talibans confidence, this war is far from over. In fact, it is more brutal than ever. We came to find out whats happening to the people here. Ll vie elders came out to greet us. Their communities are trapped the taliban, and tpay aes and heavy price for it. Air strikes in afghanistan, largely by the u. S. Military, are the most intense since nearly a decade ago, when 100,000 american troops were in the country as part of a surge ordered by president obama. These afghans are suffering under the results. We visited several villages, all ofbyhem partially destroyed the war from above. But its not the planes that people here fear the most. An ated Afghan Special forces came in the night, they blew off thee oor and saidre taliban and they would kill us. Reporter this is increasingly covert war, mostly fonht by afghan and America Special forces against the taliban, with little access for the outside world to see whatsn on. Few have had a chance to tell their story. translated they said i was a liar and i said no i am telling you the trut then they beat me. It was a terrible moment. They blindfolded me and put me on the ground over there. They set fire to my car and motorcycle, like this one here. See . This is not a taliban bike. There was another guy with them and he was asking me questions in english. Then they threw me in this room and left. Reporter he was lucky. Some of these night raids are conducted by afghan specia forces connected to the countrys intelligence agency, backed by the c. I. A. Human rights watch says these forces, in their hunt for the a taliba unlawfully executing people. In many cases innocent civilians are also killed because of mistaken identity, poor intelligence or even political rivalries in the community. In a report released last month, the u. S. Based Organization Says these troops include Afghan Strike forces who extrajudicial exec andfor enforced disappearances, indiscriminate air strikes, attacks on medical facilities, and other violations of international humaniherian law, oraws of war. They largely have been and overseen by tha. Equipped, they often have u. S. Special forces personnel deployed oalongside them during ki capture operations. Because these forces cige under intece rather than the military, getting answers on alleged abusess difficult. The c. I. A. Are absolutely unaccountable. You or i cant gand see them, afghans cant go and see them. Reporter kate clarke runs the Afghan Analyst Network which motors the war here closel accountability, they are unaccountable in this country, and considering the fact that they seem to be breaki the geneva conventions on a regular basis that is really concerning anits not just journalist saying that or afghan families, its also the u. N. That has reporter the c. I. A. Linked Afghan Special forces are often referred to as Strike Forces 01c they are tecly part of the countrys National Defense and security forces, called n. D. S. F. , but their chain of command is not clear. Even Afghan Government officials appear to know very little aut them. How many are there, who funds them, who are they . Not policy level issues, i dont have the information but in neral we talk about the. Reporter can you tell us anything about them . Well, for the moment i dont have any information. T i doow about that particular one, but i assure you that any force that operates in afghistan operates under afghanistans laws. Reporter so who do the answer to . Well if they work for n. D. S. F. They work for n. D. S. F. Reporter im talkiut the special forces linked to your intelligence services. Who is their boss . Well, i have to ask. Reporter these Strike Forces haht been increasing their n raids and air stkes since 2017, and places like rdak province, a taliban stronghold, are on the front line ofhis war. As america, the Afghan Government and the taliban all scramble for stronger positions in any future peace negotiations, violence has intensified, making afghanistan the deadliest conflict on earth right now according u. N. , with civilians casualties in record numbers, caught between the u. S. Backed Afghan Military and the taliban. Back on the ground, our taliban escorts are fearful of attracting attention from abe. They are telling us now that we need to keep moving and we cant spend too long in any village or any house because these areas are being constantly surveyed bn es. And any kind of gathering of people for any period of time could attract an air strike. In the next villag even more gun battles can be heard in the distance. Shir hasan came out to speak with us. He can barely get the words out. Cest winter, he tells us, an Afghan Special fteam arrived here, and came to his house. translated i told them we are not taliban, dont do this to us. Reporter hasan says the soldiers took his two nephews awy. , one of them a teenage translated after some minutes i hed the sound of bullets fired. Their father here asked, why did you kill my children . One of them was so small. Eporter another neighbo an elderly man, was also executed, we are told. translated one american was standing here at the door. I saw him myself i dont know if the americans shot them or the others did. L there were of them. When the shooting happened my brother shouted they killed my little children reporter hasan says, although the taliban control these areas, no one from the village is a member of the insurgency, and when he went to lle local governor to complain he was told the gs were a mistake, and nothing could be done. The c. I. A. Responded to a request focomment by the newshour on alleged abuses, stating we neither condone nor would knowingly participate in illegal activities, and we continually work with our foreign partners to promote adherence to the law. E u. S. Government routinely reviews such serious allegationi to det their validity. Although Human Rights Watch did not provide the c. I. A. Time to study the particular allegations in this report, with confirming or denying any particular role in government of afghanistan counterterrorism operations, we can say with some confidencehat many, if not l, of the claims leveled against Afghan Forces are likely false or exaggerated. January to july of this year rked the first time in this long conflict that u. S. And Afghan Government forces have killed and injured m civilians than the taliban, according to the u. N. Yet, because of their brutal tactics, the taliban a still killing and maiming thousands, like in this september attacin kabul, when a taliban member detonated a car bomb killing both an american and a romian soldier, and eight afghan civilians in the street. We challenged their commander on this areas where civilians areet present . translated the martyrs try to hit their targets and not harm civilians. But it happens. There is a clear order from ourt senior leaderso not harm any civilians. Reporter the People Living in these villages have nothing but mud walls between them and the war outside. Reduced to labels like taliban supporters or progovernment the People Living in afghanistans hidden battlegrounds fight their own personal battles to survive every day, sometimes against anonymous, shadowy killers. Americas loest war is theirs too. For the pbs newshour, im janerd ferguson in wa, afghanistan. Woodruff a newt out from the centers for Disease Control underscores that we are still long the battle against socalled superbugs the harfmul or deadly bacteria thatn are resito nearly all the against them. Fses we have in fact, as William Brangham tells us, the scope of the problem overall is bigger than the government had previously estimated. Brangham thats right, judy. Owthe c. D. C. s new report that while overall deaths from these superbugs are decreasing, new infections are rising. Federal Health Officials say it shows how far we still have to go. These superbugs exist largely because of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, which allows the targeted bacteria to develop defenses against them, making our lifesaving drugs less and less effective. According to the c. D. C. , about from these infectievery year the majority of these deaths are from people getting infected ine hospitals and health care settings. Re han 2. 8 million new infections occur every year. Every 11 seconds. New infection for more on all this, im joineo by dr. Arjun srinivasan, who works on Infection Control at the c. D. C. And helped puer togehis report. Dr. Srinivasan, thank you very much for being here. Before we get into some of theet granularls of this report, i wonder if we could talk about the broader sco ofthis problem. Health measure, almost threec million infections every year is a lot of infections. Yes, and thanks for having me, william. It is. Its a huge number. Its a staggering burden. And that burden is really why we have beonn calling atteno this problem for several years. The burden is largethan we thought it was. We knew that our report in 2013 was a conservative estimate. We recognized it was likely an unde bstimate. It wt information we had at the time, and now we have better information, and weve put oua new number. And that number really continues to show that this is a significant problem. Its a massive problem. Its a the threat to patients in hospitals. Its a threat to people in the community. It is a serious threat that we have to address. Some of these infections we kn are life threatening. Some of them are not. Can you describe what kinds of inoctions are we talking . These antibioticrizint infections, as you mention, they run the full gamut of different types of ideologies, of different types of infections they cause. And they do range in severity. Some cause skin thfectionat may be readily treatable by draining the infection and a short course of antibioti. Some of them cause very serious infections, lifethreatening infections. As you mentioned, we know roughly ry,000 people eveear dont survive one of these infections, so its a huge gamut. Bu for each individual person, this is a serious occurrence, right. This is pain, its sufferg. So its important that we not underestimate or that we trivialize any one of these 2. 8 millionn ifections. For the person who gets it, its a serious infection. One thit ng thaobviously stands out is the declining number of deaths. Its an 18 overall reduction, nearly 30 in hospitals alone. I thi tt is straightup good news. What is driving that decline . Those declines are absolutely good news. It is really encouraging. And for some people who hav seen this report, it a little bit flies in the face of what we have come to and i recollect what, conventional wisdom is with antibiotic resistance. There was a lot of suspicion out d,ere, and people who sai once resistance begins to dwerntion theres just nothing you can do. Youll never see it go back down. This report shows that you can, in fact, put the geieack in the bottle to a certain extent. We have seen the mber of deaths have gone down. A number of infections withhesp pathogens,ecially in hlth care, has gone down. Whats driving that . We really do think its the hard work of people, especial in hospitals, where weve seen the biggest decreases. Its the day in day out work of people paying attentioo cleaning their hands, wearing gowns and gloves when its necessarto care for these patients, working to improve antibiotic use. Some of these things seem tively simple. None of them are easy to do every day, taking care every single patient. But that hard work is paying off, and we rail want to acknowledge the work that people are doing and encourage thim top t it. Those efforts, your efforts are making a difference. Its saving lives. You mentioned this issue ofio better antc use. This, obviously, dovetails with one of the reasons why these superbugs emerged in thrst place. For individuals who might be listening out there, what would you tell them about best practices for themselves, for eir family, for theirmm unities . You know, antibiotics are lifesaving medications. They improve the quaty of life, and when you have an infection that needs an antibiotic, you definitely need an antibiotic. And thats why were here, right. We want those antibiotics to be available and effective when we need them. But we know tooen oftin the united states, both in hospitals and in outpatiensettings, in doctors offices, we are prescribing antibiotics whenth re not needed. And its really important for people to know that if you take an antibioc when you dot need one, you are exposing yourself to all sorts of potential side effects from antibiotics. These are medications that have significant side effnets. When yo them, obviously, those side fects are risksk worth g. But when you dont need them, you are exposing yourself to all of thse side effects with notice benefit. Messages haib and ntinues to be dont demand an aibiotic if your provider thinks you dont need one pup dont want an antibioticf you dont need it. All right, dr. Arjun srinivasan at the centers f Disease Control. Thank you very, very much. Thank you so much. Woodruff as the population ages and Older Workers are making up more and more of the labor force, some employers are taking notice and adjustg their own practices. Correspondent paul solman has the story. Its part of our making sense series aut Older Workers unfinished business. Im practicing to be retired is what i tell people. Or repter 66yearold Brenda Phillips still works as a project administrator at hvac manufacturer trane. But shes no longer fulltime. Ive taken up quilting and i get asked to babysit a lot. I reporter after almost 40 ars on the floor, herbert galbreath, at age 61, simply opted to hang it up. Working on concrete for many years it causes a lot of joint ftoblems. Reporter but two years, returned as a supervisor. Retirement wasnt really what i thought it would be. And im a doer. Im whats reallrtant to me is to pass my knowledge onto the younger generation. M just one person. I cant get everybody but i can correct some this. Reporter phillips and galbreath are part of my tecore, a program sta couple of years ago by tranes Parent Company ingersoll rand, says timit hildebrandjones. We quicklrealized that thejo ty of our employee population was over the age 50 and many of them very close to retirement. And as we looked at that population, we started to immediately get concerned about all of the Tribal Knowledge that we could potentially lose. R phased retirement and post retirement work programs, to verage worker expertise and commitment. Hunter colleges ruth finkelstine says its happening elsewhere too. This is a school where they pair older and ynger teachers together. And this is the urban health plan that has amazingly flexible policies. He reporter ain reason firms have begun to accommodate . The Fastest Growing segment of the labor force is workers 55 or older. And admit it, says finkelstein. Do you want the nurse who is, you know, dealg with her first travenous tube . Nt no, you he one who can do it with her eyes closed. Reporter and retentiju ments arent just to keep good professionals. The savvy shortage is everywhere. Orkforce shortages in skilled trades, workforce shortagein fine garment work, workforce shortages he plumbing aning and skilled construction. Reporter lee sprg, in fact, a centuryold Manufacturing Firm in brooklyn. C. E. O. Steve kempf. E do everything to keep our Older Workers because theyre a theyre so skilled. And b, we dont have the pple to fill in behind them. E and weinvested 10, 15, 20, 30 years, some of them in their skillset. And we want to keep those as long as we can. Reporter so what do you do to keep an older worker like me . 75. So weve got several people your age here. Well do is, is we will giveing them the ability to work a shorter workweek. And usually it also eases their way out so that we learn to get their job done with them. Theyre only two or three days a week. Makes it easier when they fully leave a few years later. Im not trying to be some great saint. Ha im just doings best for the company. Reporter by keeping the likes of machinist mikhail rapoport, on the job for 40 years, and still into it. How long will you work . My wheife say enough is enough, lets go to florida, i go. Reporter but she hasnt said that yet. El no, now sheto me, working working day. T want to see me all reporter 59yearold robert htollee worked the facto floor for years. But when he hurt his back, the companput him behind a desk. They suggested probably i mighbe helpful in the office bringing the experience that i had on coiling as well as helping me not lifting heavy wire or working with heavy machines. Reporter but lee spring doesnt hire seniors, does it . Five of our workersho are in their 70s, we hired them, all five of those people in their late 50s. And were so were hiring somebody whos 59 years old to go into thfactory. And weve gotten 15 years out of that person, theyve got the and generally at that point, theyre also not looking to jump around and look for a better place. Reporter Accounting Firm pkfoconnordavies, where almost 40 of the workforce is past 50, does the same, recruiting Senior Partners from larger firms. Chief Human Resources officer dawn perri. If somebody has to retire due to a mandatory practice that a firm has in place, we wind up getting people that have great experience, who want to work, whare motivated, who can help our less experienced individuals. Reporter al feeoreh was a partner at accounting giant kpmg. Ev years ago, in his 70s, he brought his rolodex and executive experience to pkf or ocoavies. I still act as a mentor tomb some of the s on the here a number of yhere mye been perspective is very beneficial. W,you feel like your you k youre making a contribution. Reporter the companys contribution a flexible schedule. I think whats important in sting involved is being ab to work when you want to work. Its clear that oer workers particularly value having me flexibility to take time off, maybe regularly, but maybe a little bit as they want. So flexibility matters. Reporter so much so, according to economist andrew caplins research, that fully 60 of retirees say theyd go back to work if it were flexible. But for so many, it isnt. The options theyre looking for simply dont exist. So if somebody stepped out of the workforce because they felt a little burned out, said, im taking a temporary time out, and i think ill step back a little while later, i wonder how many of them found that thats a permanent timeout. Reporter do you think theres a hu untapped pool of productivity . Yes. Reporter its on the sidelines . Yes. Reporter but al feeoreh is still working thanks to his flexible schedule. Os i come indays of the week. But if i need something to be able to do something else, i d that. Reporter back at trane, does Brenda Phillips miss working fulltime . No laughs did i say that fast enough . Reporter but she l working parttime, and needs to. My husband had a stroke and hes disabled, so im the breadwinr. So i have a lot of responsibility on my shoulders. Reporter rurning to work gave retiree herbert galbreath financial stability. Get out of debt, pay theop bills off, tha the door for other things. I want to travel out west for you know . Ks in a row. Things like that. Reporter and as the proportion of Older Workers continues to grow, say economist caplin. Were going to have to face this issue that many places will want to keep employing people who woulneed a timeout now. So, the most imaginative will find their individual solutions. Reporter as some places now have. For the pbs newshour, this is paul solman in new york. Woodruff unless youre g about athletes, the wo elite has come to have a negative connotation. As a political attack. Unleashed on our book shelf tonight, amna nawaz sits down with humorist and author joel stein, whook new bo, in defense of elitism, explores how americans view education, wealth, and iluence toda joel stein, welcome to the newshour. Thank you for having me. Its thelitists dream to be on the pbs newshour. Its as good as it gets. Let me start with the title of the book in defense of elitism why i am better you and you are better than someone who didnt buy this tiok. Why does el need a defense . Nobody admits theyre elite. Everybody haites the elite rght now and somebody has to stick up for thee intellectual eln this country before we drive the country to the ground. Everybody says they can operate from their gut and know more than the generals and i want to restore some kind of expertise and value and appreciati for education. What does it mean to be elite right now . Soy, i dont mean rh. Let my be clear about that from the beginning. Many mmbers of the elite are journalists or they are in nongovernmental organizations or theyre in academia. Were talking about peopl have influence and power. But what i learned in writing this book, were now in this fight between these two groups of elite. This guy of alfdo prado in 1900s, an italian economist,t, fascame up with the ideal of the circulation of the elites, that theres always a ttle between two people and somebody always rules. And i feel like right now were in a battle between oupeople, the intellectual and elites, the people watching this, and the boat elites, which is a term i came up with after watching donald trump make this speech inlast year am min ams where afi railing t the elites for so long during the campaign he said, we should be the elites. We have bigger houses and we have boats. Th and ught, oh, those are the people were against, the people who care about money more than ideas, the boat elite. I sho mdention the book actually begins with the election of donald trump, right. Thats where this whole sort of exploration of the idea of elitism for. You. The ppulation is the same as two search ryes ago. The main reason trump won was that he was aniette. Explain, i want to get to definitions. Hes an ivy league grad, a and he has incredible power and privilege. Is that what he means to be elite. Why is he antielite . He doesnt have any respect . For anyone whos got any kind of expertise or edcation. Like, he knows more than the generals. High operates from his gut. Heust says he instinctually knows whats right. So thats the kind of antielitist, populist sentiment were talking about. You head out on a pilgrimage. You leave your home in los angeles. Yes guto a town called miama, texas. And you pronounced it right for a good reason. I did. I have been there myself and ported on the communities there. In this panhandle town they are known as being the county in the 2016 election had the highest level of support for donald trump. When you had a conversatiowith em about elitism what, did they tell jew youre the only person i can talk to, other than prime there, about this town, because youre the on one i know who has been there. It was really interesting. I went to n miamt knowing that you were also going there, thinking that i would teach them a lot, and they would teach me a little bit that i could, like, stitch on a doily and keep in my kitchen. You, but i feel like i learned a lot from them, and they were so different than what i expected. They were very white, and they were very christian. But they were alsoeral well educated andhey knew more about my life than i knew about theirs, bothrom traveling and watching television. And their anger about what was going on fis differeom what i thought it was going to be. What did you think it would be and how was it different githought it would be racist. Asked myou think wire goingthey to be racist, dont you . Three people ask my that. It was weird. I found out what theyre upset about is they feel really discminated against. These are the people that if you ask, rchatstians discrim against more than black people . They will say yes. It took me w ahile to figure it out, but i think people feel t acceleration by dont feel speed. What they notice is White Christians doave les power than 10, 20, 30 years ago. And theyre panicked about that kind of change. Ive got to ask you air, lote ofook is very tongue in cheek, right. You make fun of yours f in the booko. But there are times you make fun of the people youre interactin. With, to youre in miama, describe the home of someone youre staying with there as a museum to the 1550s. You make fun of the faat that theye a tube twirkz not a flatscreen tv, theyre playing Andy Griffith on the tv in a local restaurant. Isnt that the kind of elitism they would complain about . Oh, yeah, and they dto me. And i think they have a point. I think elites have a real problem with smugness. I think all of my friends who think if they could ust go to miama, texas, and tell people theyre voting against their owe st and explain to them why medicare for all is great for them, th they would just change their minds, as if they were the unenlightened masses. Thyself people are voting for what they want for the country. I think its a dangerous vision they have, in my opinion. But its not ignorant. So you st off on this you meet with a nof different people. Tucker carlson is profiled in the book. Eres scott adams, the man behind the dilbert cartoons. Eric garcetti, the Los Angeles Mayor as well pup bring all thesvpeople together and e conversations about elitism. At the end of the day, what is it that you take away . You know, i wrote the book hoip fli in a funny way, partly because i want to draw attention to how ridiculous the situation were in is. Like, there are so many angry books about politics right now. And ujust wanted to pointt, that like, when i was growing up, if you told me there was going to be a populist have thought, twas an i would economic collapse or a war or something horrible had happened. And instead, things were going pretty well, despi what people may tell you about corruption and the economy. Like, things are pretty good ople flipped out. And i want people just to tone it down before we lose democracy. Joel stein, the book is in defense of elitism. Thanks for being here. Woodruff tonights bri but spectacular features chicago based artistelano dunn. S paintings explore questions of racial identity and perception, often pulling from i grew up in los angeles,ia califo to South Central l. A. , a block of about 24 neighborhoods. When i was a young kid, the neighborhood was fantastic. You know, i woy ld plaoutside on the streets with most of my friends. Aisetot older, got ino my teens, things got rough, the riots happened. The gang wars sort of sparked, so it became a neighborhood where you couldnt walk down the strery. It became ough. Everything about the neighborhood that i grew up , the friend that i had, the experiences of being a black student in predominantly White High School and elementary school, all of those things come into work. Myork is not happy work. Its very difficult work. Its very powful work, i like to think. So i make stuff very colorful. I make it bright. I make it look like a piece of candy so that you want to come upitnd unwrap and when you do and you put it in your mouth, it tastes like salt. As a kid, we didnt talk much vout the civil rights moent in the house. I was more interested in space, in space exploration. As i gotolder, i started to realize really what was probably more important to my life. Freedom, freedom. And i started toant to have a reconciliation. Youre taught in school that these twevents are happening not at the same time, even though they actually are. The goal was to build a new events happening concurrently, and these two groups of people working together to develop a cohesive idea of the american dream. 1961 is significant because in my research it was the first time i found these remarkable connections. So youve got freedom riders driving down on may 4 to desegregate interstate travel. And the next day, one of the mercury astronauts goes up. I remember sitting in the library at the time comingo at conclusion, and it just kind of blew my mind that these things were happening within hours and days of each other. Growing up and not really seeing any black astronauts to have this opportunity to make a world where you have African Americans and these astronauts working together, and blending the liney that, you know, African Americans were part of these Mercury Missions made my kind of giddy, and i decided to go see i grew up in a family that was mostly women, you know. I was raised by my mom, my aunt, and my grandmother. T and i wanto make work that talked about the contribution that women have had in history, whether it be african aml ican cights movement, whether it be the space race. My daughters name is violet, and shes six. Its a rough world out there. And parcularly for women ad particularly for women of color, and so when i make work, i think a lot about her. I make sure iave images of women in the work and that these women are not seen through the male gaze and theyre depicted in positiong of power and strength. And that is the main impact of the work these days is her. My name is delano dunn. And this is my brief but spectacular take on exploring the world through my art. Woodruff and you can watch additional brief but spectacular episodes on our web site, pbs. Org newshour brief. S itrd to believe, but today marks three years since our dear friend and colleague gwen ifill passed away. We think of her all the time. Her loss was acutely felt by ung journalists in the pbs newshour student reporting labs. Here are four graduates of that program who went on to be gwen ifill fellows at their local pbs stations. We reached out to them to write letters they wish they could have shared with gwen. H dear gwen, thro journalism, i have been able to connect with so many diferent peoplend through the gwen ifill fellowship, i got to sit around the same table that you and your coanchor, Judy Woodruff sat every day to report on t most influential stories. We always talk about African Americans, people of color. I want to talk to you abut white people. Dear gwen, i can hontly say this fellowship has been one of the greatest experiences in my life thusa. Because of you, i feel so much more confident in myself and what i believe i can accomplish. You taught meto embrace my differences and to never let anyone degrade me based on my appearance. Dear gwen, your legacy means soap to me as a African American woman. It shows me that its possible to be a part of something bigger than myself. Seeing out news, made he realize you did it so i can do it. You paved the way for me so i can pave the way for others like me. Dear gwen, you probably had no idea a felowship would be draeted in your name at the end of your career. I used to watch you all th time when i was younger. You were a major inspiration in my decision t become a journalist. Though i if he ever got to meet you, i feel concted to you. Thankfully our society is much more inclusive. You have not only inspired young girls, including myself, to go iyou what they love, despite the challenges. Investigations in little rock and washington. You have opened up so many doors forll storys behind you. Your legacy lives on, and your smile remains infectious, even to those who only witnessed your light on screen. Have a little fun. Thank you, gwen ifill, for being my greatest roleo mdil. Woodruff and gwen lives on through every one of these remarkable women. We than and thats the newshour for tonight. Dr im judy wf. Join us online and again here tomorr evening and at 9 00 a. M. Eastern for our special live coverage of the next public impeachment hearing. Newshour, thank you and see you soon. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been ovided by and with the ongoing support of these institutions and friends of the newshour. Captning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group awgbh access. Wgbh. Org hello, everyone, and welcome to amanpour and company. Heres whats coming up. There are few actnss consequential as the ipreachment of aident. The first formal hearings take place into the impeachment of President Trump. Takes on wha we heard today. Ican the people at the heart of this story, u. S. Diplomats. Fo iru. S. Mbassador to the european uni joins us. Plus, as the hearings ender this public space, some perspective with Jeff Greenfield and carl bestein