negatively, and being around positive people. >> schifrin: and, the district of champions. after decades of defeat, the washington nationals finally bring home a world series win. all that a more, on tonight's pbs newshour. f >> majding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations inuc ion, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. urand by contributions to bs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> schrin: in u.s. history, the house of representatives has only pursued impeachment of the president the times. today, the house took a major step toward initiating the fourth impeachment effnd it laid out where the process proceeds from here. lisa desjardins begins o coverage. >> desjardins: it is the rareson ofessional debates, about procedures for the possible impeachment of a president. b >> i truieve that 100 years from now, historians e ll look back at this moment and judge us by cisions we make here today. this moment calls for more than politics. >> no matter what is said by the other side today, this is a dark day, and a cloud has fallen on this house. >> desjardins: this was the house opening a new, far more defined phase in impeachment, voting on the process ahead, and putting lawmakers the record for the first time since concerns rose about president trump's requests to ukraine's >> on this vote, the yays are 232, the nays are 196. >> desjardins: it was almost a straight party split, with the exception of two democrats who broke ranks. the two sides do agree on something-- the stakes involved. house speaker nancy pelosi: >> the times have found each and every one of us in this room to protect and defend the constitution of the united states. what is at stake in all of this is nothing less than our democracy. >> desjardins: republicans are blasting democrats' impeachment process, held behind closed doors so far, as unfair to the president. >> it is absolutely the caseat t has been a secret process that has denied rights to the minority, that has involved leaking selectively things that the majority would like to have leaked, in which rights have absolutely been denied. >> desjardins: the resolution toy sets up a two-part process, first with hearings by the intelligence committee, led by adam schiff, to gather facts, he say >> the resolution, from the perspective of the intelligence committee, sets out important procedures for how we maen conduct our earings. >> desjardins: then, if impeachment is recommended, the house judiciary committee, led by jerry nadler, would take it up and, at that point, allow foh president and his lawyers to be involved. but republicans sathat is too late, that initial hearis without that ability will taint the process. >> the problem i'm havin, here e resolution before us today is not about transparency, it's about control.in >> desja at the white house, press secretary stephanie grisham accused democrats of having "an unhinged obsession withhis illegitimate impeachment proceeding." for his part, president trump turned to his favored retort during the russia investigation, calling the impeachment inquiry "a witch hunt." meanwhile, house investigators heard from tim morrison, the top russia expert on the national security staff. a day after stepping down from his post. morrison was repeatedly mentioned in earlier testimony from william taylor, currethly top diplomat in ukraine. >> schifrin: and lisa desjardins joins me now, with white house correspondent yamiche alcindor. welcome to you both. yamiche, let's start where lisa left off. what did timorrison say behind closed doors, as far as we know, today in the impeachment proceeding. >> tim corroborated what willi taylor told lawmakers last week. essentially, democrats are saying that this was stunning testimony that william taylor was saying that people were very concerned about what people in the u.s. government were tellinu ukraine this investigation into the bidens. the way tim morrison fi into this is he was a person who alerted william taylor. he said he went to them twice. the first time adhe said he h a conversation that said, look, i think gordon sond sondland is gg to the ukraine officials to have investigation into the biden to secure millions of dollars in military aid already appropriated by congress. he goes to taylor a second tie and said i have a sinking feeling because gordon sondland said he talked to the president and the president said no quid pro quo and still demanding the ukrainian officials are still opening an investigation into the bidens. so morrison is saying most of what william taylor told you last week is true. >> inside the rooh m, botrties thought he said something that helped them. >them. >> schifrin: how's that? he said he didn't hear anything illegal per se in the call, and yamiche was talking about something also democrats mentioned. >> schifrin: godon sondland, u.s. ambassador to the *e789 u, close to president trump, what is the significance of him in the middle of it the combined stories of tim morrison and acting ambassador william taylor. >> tim morrison gives credibility to what taylor said. first is that tim morrison essentially says i was not concerned that anything illegal was dscussed. then you have william taylor who said actually i thought it was crazy military aid was hld for political means associated with the president. two people said we herdahe same thing with you have different takes on what it means icr u.s. poland national security. >> schifrin: what we're talking about is the substance of the impeachment proceeding. how did each side rally thetr ps on a real partisan vote? >> there are not just high stakes but high pressure for both parties. when you talkbout democrats and how they're looking about this, they're thinking about two thin, telling members in vulnerable districts, first, they're tryi to stress as a process this is not a vote on impeachment, and second they're seeing polling moving in the airection of impeachment. in fact the mjority of americans in the polls want an impeachment inquiry to move forward.at what democrats feel good about in terms of what they're doing.t they only loo vulnerable democrats, both in major trump districts, but that's two democrats who feel the process may be unfair. for the repnsublithe pressure, message, all of it is coming from the white house, something yamiche knootws a about. president trump mewith some of the republicans yesterday from the house and basically frm someone who was there he said it was a very relaxed message because he said we're nothi confident ins process and we are where the president is now. >> schifrin: where is thewh president now is the message coming out to have the white house and the republicans and how does that differ from ae cof the previous messages? >> tay was a huge moment in the presidentit presidency. s really now him looking forward and saying i am looking at a formal impeachment inquiry process and i need to really get my strategy together. essentially the president's message today to the president and republicans who gathered at the white house yesterdaand today is this is a total sham, no matter what democrats do from here forrd, all of this is unfair to me. that is an issue because ths has been an evolving message. first republicans said the president didn't pressure ukraine, then they said this is all secondhand knowledge, then they said we neea house floor vote on the impeachment inquiry they've had to adjust their messages becausef all the things we're talking about. there was a vote, a call memo came out, people on the call saying i had issues from the moment i heardtr presidenp talk about joe biden in relation to this military aid. >> schifrin: rev he republicans all day challenging the rules set today as different from those rules during the inton impeachment hearin are they different? >> if you come away with one thing from thessro understand the difference is there's a two step process the hous house intelligence come will have public hearings, we didn't see that in watergate and clinton because there were previous investigations leading into impeachment. here the intelligence committee is doing a first investigation. republics are right, in that portion of it the president does not have a right to question testimony or witnesses. but there's the second part of the process which is house judiciary committee, suld impeachment move forward, and that process is almost exa tly parallwhat we've seen in b impeachmenefore. >> schifrin: i want to come back to a thing smany people have talked about today. freslan democrat katy hil of california resigned and gave an incredible speech. let's listen to a brief part of> it. his is bigger than me. i am leaving now because of a i am leaving beause i no longer want to be used as a baringa chip. i'm leaving because i didn't want to be pedal by papers and blogs and web site used byop shamelesratives for the dirtiest gutter politics i've ever seen. >> schifrin: w are people talking about this? >> this congress is younger than before, two dozen in 2s and 30s now, this is a new lnerability you have where pictures you took in private on your iphone used against you, it's a new kind of scandal. her defense is new, it's a more personal and assertive defense than ever seen in a departing member of congress. >> sch lisa desjardins, thank you so much. >> thank you. >> schifrin: in the day's other news, southern california faced another assault by wildfires driven by major winds. and now, firefighters are battling new flames. here's stephanie sy. >> reporter: before dawn in san bernardino, santa ana winds sent a blowtorch burning through half a dozen homes. flames raced downhill, driven by gusts of up to 70 miles an hour, and with little warning.ou >> i smell smoke. people started screaming down the street and everything else, so we came out and started wetting things down. and ings kind of went downhi from there. >> reporter: crews battled to turn bk the fire, but the fierce wind made it difficult, and dangerous. in short order, ficials ordered some 1,300 residents to evacuate 500 homes, as the fire kept spreading. >> this fire moves so fast a continues to have the potential to move so quick that if folks don't evacuate when we ask them to, it will be very difficult to try to get them out. >> reporter: in northern california's wine country, most mandatory evacuations for the kincade fire have now been lifted, and pacific gas & electric has moved to restorewe poto hundreds of tusands of people. some had been in the dark since the weekend. residents at this low-income senior facility in the san francio bay area say they were trapped for two days. >> it was total darkness in every hallway, every stairwell and all three of the buildings. outside assistance wasn't he at all. we were left on our own. >> reporter: fire conditions i have nowmproved in the north, as the wind dies down, and officials say the winds in southern california should ease tonight. for the pbs newshour, i'm eaephanie sy. >> schifrin: theers' strike in chicago is o the teachers union agreed today to go back to work, after the eed to make up five of the 11 school days lost to the strike. the two sides had already reached a tentative deal with .pay raises over five yea mayor lori lightfoot welcomed the outcome. >> enough is enough, a so-- in a spirit of compromise-- we agreed. it was a hard-fought discussion. took us a lot of time to get there. but i think this is the right thing ultimately for our city, and i'm glad that this phase i over. >> schifrin: the end of the strike means more than 300,000 students cano back to class tomorrow. the islamic state group todayat confirmed the of its leader, abu bakr al-baghdadi, and vowed revenge. he died in a u.s. raid last weekend, in syria. an isis audio statement named his successor as abubrahim al-hashimi al-qurayshi, but gave no details. u.s. troops have returned to northeast syria, weeks after withdrawing from the region. armored vehicles flying american flags patrolled today just four miles south of the turkish. border an iraqi-kurdish tv network showed them visiting oil faciliti. president trump ordered the withdrawal earlier this month, but he said later some troops would stay to secure oil sites. the kurds say that, in theri in turkish forces have killed some 700 kurd fighters, who were u.s. partners. the president of iraq called today for a w election law, with early elections to follow, amid anti-gornment protests. he said prime minister adel abdul-mahdi is willing to resign if political leaders agree onac his reent. but in baghdad, students clogged a major bridge and clashed with ealice, leaving one person and 60ounded. they said the prime minister'sd resignation wot be enough. >> ( translated ): we want a total change of government. we don't want the firing of onea or two officia replacing them with another corrupt one. we want the government to be uprooted totally. they think that we will protest for one or two days and then go home. no. we are staying here until the government is totally uprooted. >> schifrin: iraq has seen waves of mass protests this month over corruption and economic want, with at least 250 people killeda in pakis fire engulfed a train in punjab province, killing at least 74 people. officials said a gas stove explodo flames, and theblaze que some passengers jumped out the windows to escape. more than 40 people were injured, including many with serious burns. north korea fired two more projectiles into the sea today. japan said they appeared to be ballistic missiles. south korea said they flew about 230 miles. the testing came after north pace of nuclear tath the slow u.s. back in this country, general tors announced a recall 638,000 s.u.v.s and pickup trucks. the co sensor could fail and cause sudden, unexpected bctking. the af vehicles include chevrolet suburbans, tahoes and silverados, plus g.c. sierras, going back to the 2014 model year. stocks fell on wall street toy, led by losses in the banking sector and lingering trade concerns. the dow jones industrirage shed 140 points to close at 27,046. the nasdaq lost 11 points, and the s&p 500 slipped nine. and, the washington nationals are celebrating their first world series tle. they won it last night in houston, beating the astros 6-to-2, in game seven. the capital city's streets erupted in celebration with dancing and cheering crowds. no washington team had won a world series since 1924. we'll have more on the nats, later in the program. still to come on the newshour: the u.s. house votes, and the inquiry begins.h why twitter is banning all political ads on the platform. after 39 migrants are found dead stem human trafficng int take to europe? and much more. >> schifrin: now that the u.s. house ofepresentatives approved rules for the next phase of the impeachment inquiry, what happens now?hi democrat adam of california is the chairman of the house intelligench committee, ws playing a central role in the impeachmt effort. chairman schiff, tha. you very mu welcome wack to the "newshour". today's vote was entirely along party lines. how do you convince the pubc that this is not a partisan attempt to, as the president says, overturn the election? >> well, i think by letting the public hear from the witnesses themselves at the end of the day, this is all about the facts, what are the facts, and i think the american people ll see that there are very serious problems with the esident's conduct, grave problems in terms of his abuse of the powers of thatof ce, his sacrificing of u.s. interests, our national security interes in favor of personal and political interests. so i think the best way tohow the american people why we had to take this serious step of moving forward with our impeachmt inquiry will be allowing the american people to hear firsthand from those that were eyewitnses to this kind of abuse of power. >> schifrin: republicans call your effort a parsan crew said against the president you've never liked. you yoursf for years have been criticizing many of president trump's national security decisions. do republicans have a point? are you going after a president that you haven't liked long before ukraine became an issue? >> well, it is certainly true that i take serious issues with the president on matters of licy, on matters of character for falsehood, but my republican colleagues conveniently forget the fact that, for a long time, i was one othe relatively few senior members who was urging us not to move forward with ap formal ieachment proceeding, that we should take the process one step at a time, learn the facts, that we should not rush to embrace this extraordinary remedy. it was only when this most serious conduct came to life that i felt like we had no choice. >> schifrin: of course, there are questions of the procedures for that impeachment which are t written in the constitution. the preference you passed today prevent republicans from issuing approve or unless you personally approve. why not give them the opportunity to submit their own subpoenas? >> this is the same process ande proceduresduring the although it has ben represented otherwise by my g.o.p. friends. the minority did not have unilateral subpoena power. they could compel a vote and at's the right that we ge them here. but we have seen from a lot of my g.o.p. colleagues with their storming into the skiff and history yorntion a fundamental lack of seriousness, a view that they exist to do the president's will, to be the president's defenders. when the president says you've t to be more aggressive, they decide to be more aggressive. when the president says you've t to do this stunt, they go and do that stunt, that is not a group you can give unilateral subpoena authority to. a lot of people complaining about this secret chamb have refused to take advantage of the fact they could participate. when thee transcripts released, the american people will see, in fact, it want immi fair, that every republican --r >> i i'm s, you said when the transcripts are released. when are the transcripts released and when will the public hearingtake place wch you just voted on even though you still have private depositions scheduled for >> in terms of when the transcripts will be released, that was authorized by the resolution passed today, and we expect to release them very soon. >> schifn: do you have a time? >> i think early next week is realistic. we need to gohrough the transcripts and excise any confidential or personal released soon.t they will >> schifrin: we got word a judge ruled that mr. kuperman, the former deputy national security advisor, will not be compelled to testify or at lea there won't be a decision about whether he will be compelled to testify until at least 1 decemb that will affect him, his former boss national security advisor john bolton. do you have a responseo that? >> in this case, there is no standing to sue in federal court if you don't like a congressional subpoena. we have every confidence that suit will fail, but the whole goal of it is to delay. it's part of te obstruction effort by the administration. and as they instruct the impeachment inquy, they are just building the case for an articles of impeachment based ot obstn. so even as they try to prevent us from getting rel information and we believe dr. kuperman has relevant information on the issues of the core of our investigation, evthn gh as he tries to prevent those facts from coming to light, and i certainlyifxpect the administration thought those would be helpful to the comiident, he would be in. they must conclude they are incriminating of the president but they are merely building the case for obstruction of congress. >> schifrin: will you delay public hearings until you have final word on dr. kupermaand john bolton. >> it is my full expectation wel see th cyme same kind of delay tactics in the administration. i think dr. kuperman understands that he's going to lse that litigation. indeed, he will be found notha o standing but apparently it is his desire to try to avoida testifyingid the obligation and the duty that others have had the courage to undertake. >> scifhifrin: adam sch democrat of california, chairman of the house intelligence committee, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> schifrin: we reached out to more than 50 republican members of the house of representaves to come on our program tonight. none of them accepted our invitation. for a republican perspective on today's news, i'm joined by a longti g.o.p. strategist and former press secretary for speaker john boehner, michael steel.bl reans have been criticizing the proserksz as you know, throughout the last few weeks, specifically these closed doors instead of having public hearings. republicans had a chance today to vote fors. public heari why did they vote against it? >> i think they would argue it's too little too late. i think if this vote had been held three or four weeks ago, it would have been a meaningful part of the inquiry. i think we'll continue to see closed door depositions. we areot going to yet see the sort of robust, open, fair, transparent televised hearings that marked the watergate impeacent inquiry and the impeachment inquiry into former president bill clinton.i >> sin: language that goes farther today steve scalise accused the democrats of imposing soviet style rules, how is that when democrats say ey're based on impeachment rules republicans set when they tried to impeach bill clinton. >> and those put lin pace by boehner over benghazi. i think there is fairness in that this is a secret meeting blind closed doors, the news is selectively released by the majority those criticisms will not be valid when we get to open, televised heings where the republicans have the ability to confront some of the witnesses, cross-examine them live on camera and the american ople n judge. >> schifrin: what will the strategy be when we begin the public hearings. >> i think it depends on the substance. the president's assertion the phone call was perfect probably won't hold up. it's likely there will be either reprospectively about at interference in the 2020 election. her is whether the president was looking skirt on his potential opponent joe biden and his son, and that's a very different standard there. but you can argue and i think republicans probably will if the facts are what we think they will turn out to be thathat the president did is wrong, it is an abuse of his ofice, but it does not rise to the level that he should be impeached, convicted and moved from office less than a year before the american people will be allowed to make that judgment for themselve >> schifrin: a lot of nuance in the argument you made. it is not a 10 s or cond sound byte. let's talk about the substance. are there memrs of the house whom you're speaking to who are concerned about the substance os inquiry and what the president did vis-a-vis eiter 2016 or vice president biden and ukraine over the last few months? >> sure, and i don't think that the way our lws are constructed, if the facts are what we think they are, i don't thinyou can make a credible defense of the president on the substance, which is why so much of this debaipt thus far has focused on the prochcess. >>rin: that's not the language the president has been using. >> that's exactly right. the president is the otlier. the president wants to insist the phone call was perfect. he continues to refer to the memorandum describing the call as a transcript, which it is not. we've seen news reports w suggesting there important details omitted from that memo. so this is th real problem, republicans can defend the president successfully. he has to be willing to allow them to make the argent that, yes, he did do something wrong, but it does not rise to thel leat he should be removed from office. >> schifrin: so far he has not been willing to allow republicans to makehat argument. >> it's interesting, he has not attacked republicans who have made that argument, genally. the mitt romney attacks aside. there have been cases where republicans have made thegu nt and he has not unleashed a tweet storm on themb heiously believes there's nothing wrong substantively and wants reblicans to make a substantive case for him. >> schifrin: but. but there isn't a case to be made there. he has a chcaoice, h allow them to make a case that comports with the facts that is defensible and safe or he'll leave republicans officials on a mile high swinging bridge and he will beaxaking anto the ropes. he will undercut them complely he tries to insist they make a factual substantive says for what was pretty clearly a quid pro quo and inappropriate, if the facts are what we think ty are. >> schifrin: you believe if the president allows them to make the argument that hey willo come out ahead? >> i think the american peollple gree that the voters should choose. i think the vote we held today will prove to be a very bad vote for the 30 odd democrats seating in seats, half of them which h ewon by big margins. >> schifrin: michael steel, thank you very much. c.e.o. mark zuckerade a facebook public defense of allowing paid political ads to be posted on facebook-- includi those with false claims-- there has been serious scrutiny of facebook and other tech platforms. twitter had long allowed potical ads. but last night, twitter's c.e.o. said the social media giant would ban them, starting in late november. john yang looks at the reasoning, the reaction, and what it could mean for other tech giants. >> yang: nick, in a sef tweets announcing the decision, twitter c.e.o. jack dorsey said political ads present "entirely new challenges to civic discourse at increasing velocity, sophistication and overwhelming scale." he said ads have "significant ramificationthat today's democratic infrastructure may not be prepared to handle." nancy scola is senior technology reporter for politico. thanks for joining us. this is a change for jack dorsey of twitter. why make the change now? wa>> a lot of ways jac reacting to pressure provided by a different company facebook. a lot of controversy ov facebook's policy of not pulling down misleading posts politicians pulled up. jack was saying we're taking a different ad than mark zuckerberg and facebook decided to go down. >> schifri dorsey made this announcement before an earnings call for facebookand zuckerberg was asked about it on the call and said in a democracy i don't thk it's right for private companies to censor private policy or the news. do they feel pressure because of what twitter has done? >> they don't. there's a great deal more attention on them, they are aware they say wede the decision, our problem is we haven't articulated it as wll but we'll stick to it. >> schifrin: their decision is what? >> that if politicians put up posts that are misleading they will count on voters to look at the ads and say that's not true, allow the public to make the decisions about truthfulness and not do the fact checking on the front end. >> schifrin: dorsey made a distinction in his tweets which are much longer than what we read between paid speech ads and free speech posted by people. what was the dincson. >> jack's argument is somebody posts something on twitter and it gets a great deal of traction even mise,leading that's fin you're winning in political discourse and gaining traction on your ownif. ou're going to pay to promote it, that's a false promotiothat twitter is helping to implement, helping to perpetuateour falseness, they're not playing that role, so he's making the dcision of you can't play to make the scale, you get scale by your message. >> schifrin: what's facebook's attitude toward free meia, the things people are posting rather than the ad. >> if you're a politician, a world leader, they allow you to post things th otherwise might be violated in your terms of service. they will mark them on twitter but it's more important for theb public table to see what the political leaders are posting but facebook leaves it up and don't pull it down in a y they mielgt pull down other people's -->> reporter: is thisf two different philosophies between twitter and facebook? >> absolutely. that's the interesting thing we're seeing happening is i think you mentionc in jak's tweets he referenced facebook policy, didn't mention zuckerberg by name but a point t by point quotation of the approach facebook is taking, we're two different companies and going down different paths. >> repter: political reaction, the biden campaign put out a statement saying when faced between the chode of dollars and the integrity of democracy, it's encouraged revenue did not win out speakinf twitter. but president trump's campaign manager says this is to silence conservatives. e we seeing the rivalry of twitter veers facebook itelngy.coal aicwe've nseen facebook be very cautious about being seen by conservatives as biased against them. there's no evidence of that butv threacted against the critique that have come frome republicans sie 2016 election. they're worried about doing anything to set off alarm bells. >> reporter: this started the debate overall this, started when vice president bid's campaign complained about an ad on facebook. >> reporter: tell it ability that. >> so there was an ad that the trump campaign ran that alleged a nefarious connection between the biden family and ukraine. it's misleading and no evidence to bk it up and facebook declined to take that down. >> reporter: nancy scola of uclitico, thank you very >> thank you. >> schifrin: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: "unfinished business." what's driving the entrepreneurship boom among older americans? and, non-partisan victory. washington, d.c. comes together to cheer the world champion nats. british police have appealed for help in tracking down two irishr hers they believe were involved in the manslaughter of 39 migrants found frozen toat last week in the back of a refrigerated truck outside london. the case has shone a light on how criminal gangs prey on some of the world's most vulnerable t migrants, y seek to escape violence and lack of economic opportunity at home.ia spcorrespondent malcolm brabant reports from britain. >> reporter: a scent of jasmine lingers where 39 asian lives were snued out in a locked refrigerated trailer. london is a grim place to die. latest reports indice that most of the victims were vietnamese. one of them, pham thi tra my, ousent a text as oxygen ra and hypothermia overwhelmed her. >> ( translated ): i'm sorry, amom. my path oad doesn't succeed. mo i love you so much! i'm dying because i can't breathe. i'm sorry, mom. >> well, it indicates to me that they're getting more desperate. i mean, the migrants and the smugglers. >> reporter: as the former director general of the u.k.'s border force, tony smith has extensive knowledge about people trafficking and illegal immigration into britain, which >> we've seen lotstempts. in the last year in small boats coming across the english channel, and some drownings, sadly. and now this just demonstratesat he smugglers are prepared to go to any lengths at all really, to bring people over here. >> reporter: the trailer entered the country by ship via the river thames. the gang responsible avoided the crossing between calais in northern france, and dover inng southernnd, where security is tighter. precise details of t victims' desperate 6,000-mile j aren't yet known, but the clandestine passage from impoverished vietnamese villages to britain can cost around $30,000. the inteational organization for migration has identified one route as going via russia, with migrants walking across land roborders through eastern to reach ports serving britain. the people in this case re trafficked through zeebrugge in belgium. >> one of the keyvu erabilities we've identified for vietnam is just the length of their journey, the physicaly violence tght experience, the sexual violence. burland's specialtodernk slavery. he's investigated the ordeals of vietnamese migrants. many of them end up working in nail salons or cannabis farms to nd money home. burland says they are most at risk whe exhausted after their journey, they finally reach the channel ports. >> reporter: 200 miles away from london, syrian ahmad al rashid has found sanctuary. he escaped the siege o baleppo and eadings in iraq. but his closest brush with death came in the back of a refrigerated truck in france. he and his companion rescued when their cries for help were heard. n ( translated ): w first got into the back of that lorry, you know, you are very hopeful that is going to be all right. you don't think about it. but with time, it became more airless. and you're losing your concentration. and you cannot b and this is where the panic kicks in. and this is where i started, like, seeing death, smelling death. looking at the eyes of the other people who were in the back of that container, seeing desth in their i mean, this was one of the most terrifying experiences. >> reporter: ten-year-old ahmad amiri is using his story to discourage other refugees from risking their lives. his drawings illustrate his journey from afghanistan, across the aegean sea to greece, and eventually into the back of a refrigerated truck in britain with his elder brother jawad and 14 others. ahmad saved theilives. on their way, the brothers stayed in a squalid camp in calais. an american volunteer, liz clegg, gave ahmad a phone. she was able to alert the police just in time. >> sometimes i have bad dreams inside the lorry. i couldn't breathe. and then people are trying to get some help. but they couldt because their phones weren't working. ond i just rang liz clegg, who gave me a small that if i needed any help and i could ring her and she would help >> reporter: but there was no such lifeline for the 31 men and eight women as they were transpord up the thames and deposited in a district experts say is a netheorld for eastern european gangs. northern irishman moohnson, the driver of the truck found last week, has been charge39with ounts of manslaughter. local police have identified two irish brothers in connection with what they're treating as one of britain's worst mass eyrders. crime writer wenlarkson's new book deals with the underworld operating in this region. he says the gang masse british and irish drivers because they attract less attention. >> these criminal gangs are highly organized, ruthless and far from desperate. ey've rned into a very lucrative business enterprise. >> reporter: and clarkson says the gangs used brexit as a marketing tool. >> the brexit deadline meant the iminals could almost legitimately s it would be england once that agreement had been made. and is has helped them enormously. and even with the deadlinen extensich has just been announced, i predict that over the next three months, theree will be a su even more trying to get into this country illegally. >> reporter: one of the benefits of britain's membership of the european union has been its ability to share intelligence about cross-border crime and onople trafficking with na like belgium and france. but brain's participation in the police agency, europol, could be jeordized as a result of brexit. >> we may t have access to some of the european systems that we have access to now. but i do think it's rely, really important that one way or another we find a way to collaborate at an inteational level. this is international organized crime, it demands an international organized n response, and d to be a part of that. >> we have a very, very difficult situation for the police. they are chasing their tails, literally. they have no idea who most of them are. and at the moment, it doesn't look like they're likely to get any nearer. >> reporter: now that he's safe, ahmad al rashid doesn't like to lecturother refugees about the dangers of getting into smuggler's truck. but he hop this tragedy will act as a catalyst for change. >> i think it needs leadership. with this you need thinking about legal pathways for people criminals.thout relying on these >> reporter: but ever sinceth european refugee crisis began, such pleas have fallen on deaf ears, and the death toll keeps rising. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant in purfleet. >> schifrin: despite the stereotype of the 20-something entrepreneur, older people start businesses at higher rates than their younger counterparts.es condent paul solman visited a new york city tech center that is helping seniors realize their start-up dreams. it's part of a new series about older workers that we're calli"" unfinished business." >> let the fashion show begin! >> reporter:or a group of designers in manhattan's chelsea district, senior moments to remember. former recreational therapist virginia hamlin, modeling her hand-made scarves. >> i'm 75. i'm at level 75. >> reporter: knitter madelyn rich, a form paralegal and social worker. >> i'll be 75 next month. >> reporter: arline rubin, who material, was a prr forcled 35 years. >> i'm 84 years old. >> reporter: but this is a venum for mue than fashion statements. >> if you have a smart phone and the phone is smarter than you, you need to go to senior planet. ( laughs ) >> reporter: nowadays, every day, in locations across the country, senior planet teaches americans 60 and over the basics of cyberspace, from video streaming to job search. founder tom kamber's f seeror client was a woman in 80s. >> and once a week she would come to office with her breakfast in a napkin and we would do a computer class. and over the course of a year, she learned a t about technology, but i learned a lot more about aging, and a lot morf about the magihat happens with older people when you bring together computers and senio and you give them a chance to succeed with it. >> i needed support. >> reporter: even though bonnie mackay had been a hotshot retail designer at bloomingdale's and then new york's museum of modern art. now 68, she's consulting and, thanks to seivor planet, cuing a younger clientele online. yes, she still has customers from the past. >> but you still have to communicate, and you still have to-- you have to do linkedin, and you still have to do social media a you still have to communicate with the cross-generational. >> reporter: she has no plans to throw in the towel. 66-year-old cheryl "the gourd lady" thompson, who plays and sells african instruments fashioned from gourds, is not about to bow out either. >> i'm still perpendicular and i'm still-- i still have myth he and i'm just constantly on the go, doing and doing and doing. just trying not to think negatively, and being aroundeo positivee. >> reporter: the main virtue of senior>>lanet for her? t's become an extended family for me. >> reporter: for so many older people, woking on is critical to.ell-being, says tom kamb >> and there's a lot of research about how important it is for peopleo still be activated and have a purpose and be trying to be creative in their later years. >> reporter: like madelyn rich, her creativity inspired by a chilly ride on theew york subway. >> by the time i got home, i had a stiff neck.an i pulled out my yarn, and i started knitting. and two days later... >> reporter: wait, this is a new york subway over-air- c conditionil? >> exactly. my saying is "fun, funky but functional." >> reporter: a slogan she's learned to hawk online. for many here, though, like milliner carlos lewis, 73, dinior pnet begins as re ed in low tech. >> i was a dummy-- don't know a computer, coul't type. now i can type. now i can actually partially build a website. now i can send a pictureo a client. >> reporter: did you think you'd be working at this age? ( laughs ) >> working at this age? no. i thought that the business that i started and developed, i thought it would be, like, really, really long-ongoing. >> reporter: but he took aen financial hit is hat factory went bust, and markets custom pieces to private clients. income is an even more pressing concern for the gourd lady. >> just keeping the roof over my head. i don't get regular steady paychecks, and i get residencies and they are temporary. so i'm always looking for the next residency, the next sale. the next source of ince. >> reporter: cheryl thompson's senior planet goal? to sell her instruments on etsya so she can saving for retirement. she's 66, remember. >> i was just so busy, always looking for the next dollar to keep the roof over the head. and of course now, being older, i realize, oh! and i'm like, 60 came so fast. i've saved, i don't know how many times, but then i've had to use it. >> 20% to 25% of the people that come in the doors here are looking to improve their financial situation. they are looking for a job. they are looking to save money by shopping online. that they've been percolating n for years, andow they're 65 and they suddenly have an opening in their life to say, i want to start that business. >> reporter: according to th f coughmndation, in 2018 the a 55 to group made up 26% of new entrepreneurs, a larger share than their youn.r counterpar baby boomers turn out to be twice as likely to start a business within the next year as millennials. senior planet is teaching the tech svy that passed so many seniors by. there's is a downside in becoming acclimated to cyberspace, says che thompson. >> i told my itructor it was his fault. he said "why, what? what did i do now?" "you introduced me tspotify." i spent a whole day at home on spotify just going through and collecting songs and things, like, wow, this is great. >> reporter: great. but not exactly income- producing. on the other hand, says tom kamber, older entrepreneurs aren't looking tstrike it rich. >> entrepreneurship turns out to be different for younger people versus older people. when you talk to a 20-year-old and they're starting a business, and i know a lot of those. they have this whole dream of, you start the business up and then you get bought out by a big company and they buy you out. when we get older, our horizons become a little shorter.ar and so we realizing, "well, geez, i might have 20 years or 10 years to execute y representsat rea me as a person on this earth." for many people who've been waiting a long time to do that stuff. >> reporter: like the designers on the runway at senior planet. and that's why tom kamber calls this a "senior moment." >> ageism is one of the last a realepted areas where people will engage with someiv really negstereotyping and negative biases, and act as if it's normal. so for example, someust the other day used the word "senior moment" in frome, and i had that-- i had to not, you know, like, throttle them. because a senior moment...in can you imif your demographic wadefined as the demographic that forgot things? to me, a seniomoment is about being honest, because seniors are much more honestnd much more willing to speak their mind than younger people. they're more confident, they know who they are. they have experience. they have some judgment. they have perspective. those are senior things. >> reporter: and often, they're less paralyzingly self-conscious as well. for the pbs wshour, this is paul solman in new york city. >> chifrin: finally from us, the biggest news in washington today. right as the impeachment vote took place, the top of the "washington post's" website for those of us in d.c. was "at last, nats are champs." the nats, the washington nationals, the team with the oldest roster in baseball, the team everyone underestimated--wo won thd series last night. and, forgive a little hometown crowing, but they finished the fight the same way tve been fighting all season. >> there it is!sh the ington nationals ares! world champine >> schifri final comeback, the nationals topphe houston astros in houston to capture d.c.'s first world ser5 s title in 9ars. theyade history. ner before in any seven-ga series in any sport a visiting team won every game. the nats trailed 2-to-0 in the seventh inning, before a pair of home runs-- includi this go-ahead blast by designated hitter howie kendrick. about, right here. what 's this is what it's about. i mean, words can't even describe this feeling. >> schifrin: for the fifth time this post-season, washington came from behind to win an elimination game, including against baseball's two best and th dance parties, the "baby shark" theme. they always played with joy, and their d.c. fans celebrated teremarkable turnaround fo that started the season as one of baseball's worst. >> for us to come back and win-- and win the championship is amazing. it's just amazing. post's" jesse dougherty wasngton there last night. now he's back in town, and joins us from the post newsroom. jesse dougherty, thanks for joining us on may 24 the gnatsd were 19 , # .5% chance of nning. how mu is this team at the find from playing from behind? he i think entirely, they did it for most to have season. they felt their backs were against the wall from ma on. since 1931 no one gave them much of ae cha doing anything. and we saw the results when they got to the mountain top. >> schifrin: the final mountaintop was a pretty tall one. the astros offense, one of the most impressive in history, the astros had the best home record in baseball in year and th final two starting pitchers of the gnats fave were ranked 1 and 2 on the active win list. how do you think they won the world series. >> and no team in history ha won the world series by winning all four road games. this team had the propensity to make history one step at the same time. their starting pitching was great, the ball is a your court when you have those guys on the mound. nationals had it set up to have the best guys in a moment and they delivered. it was was a star driven victory. they did their things. tty nationals are pre unstoppable. >> the fact the pitcher was on the mound was divine intervention. let's talk about the success of the team and why you think they had it.th e is a high payroll, obviously, but what defines the success? does it come from the high payroll or how they dehelop t players and how the players play together? >> since 2012, the nationals have been building a contender. high payrolls wasn't the new ingredient for the team. when you think about the success and what gets you over the hump you get the rfght mix talent and spend the money in the right way, the chemtry was important. they were close, played loose, great mix of veterans, oldest team in baseball but had young guys that kept them on their toes. the way this team gelled and thv way they loed playing together came together. since 2012, the team has been spending and trying to get to this point but there was somethin when you think of the missing piece and the way this team camh to, i think you see liking each other and playing together can be powerful. en you have tall minute the mix that makes for a championship team. >> schifrin: both talking fom washington ab about washington. what does this mean for d.c.? >> 86 years since d.c. was in f the series anns that lived without baseball. since 2005, a lot of s and downs and heart break. i think you start to trust insp thrt again, trust it doesn't always have to have a bad ending and you caenjoy baseball in the fall and i think that's what the city will do in the coming days. >> schifrin: gnats, world series victors. jesse dougherty of "the washington post," thank you very much. >> thank you very much. >> schifrin: on the newshour line right now, the trump administration has a proposed rule that uld alter eligibility for food stamp benefits. we explore how that would affect some children who receive free and reduced price school lunch. that's on our website, www.pbs.g/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm nick schifrin. join us online, anagain here tomorrow evening, when we will have judy woodruff's interview p with former visident joe biden. for all of us at the pbs newshour, i hope you had good day. happy halloween. thank you, and see you again soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and friends of the newshour. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributionsur pbs station from viewers like you. thank u. cnewshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> you're watching s. ♪ hello, everyone and welcome to "amanpour & co." here's what's coming up. >> i think the vote that they arearow goingngo have t open the impeachment inquiry will be very interesting. ry >> democrats get ready for a n very rare votepeachment. i speak to formerefense secretary william cohen, one o the first republicans to vote for nixon's impeachment about what at stake today. nd -- [ speaking foreign language ] >> spain leading man antonio banderas on "pain and glory," his new film gaining oscar buzz. e' then. >> th important things that eed to be changed and looked at. that's silver lining in this riod of political turmoil. >> "the economist"

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