Chris downey had constructed the life hed always wanted, an architect with a good job. That whole exterior. Happily married and coaching his tenyearold sons Little League. But then something awful happened. He went blind. And that threatened to end his career. Is that different . Oh, yeah. Or did it . Im a kid again. Im relearning so much of architecture. It wasnt about what im missing in architecture, it was about what i had been missing in architecture. ticking rang and riding in utah. The Wright Family is the first family of american rodeo. World e roughest rides look like a ballet. Are you kind of dancing with the horse . I like to think you are. I dance a lot better with a horse than i do with my wife. laughter i aint got no rhythm. ticking im lesley stahl. Im bill whitaker. Im anderson cooper. Im scott pelley. Those stories, tonight, on 60 minutes. ticking the race is never ov. The journey has no port. The adventure never ends, because we are always on the way. 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Nearly six years ago, in iraq, we discovered this hesitant, frightened woman. We did not imagine her scarf concealed not only her identity, but also a fierce invincibility which would lead her, four years after our interview, to the highest honor the world has to give. We found her here among refugees who survived the invasion of the isis terrorist army. Her people are yazidis, a minority in Northern Iraq that is poor, persecuted, and bound by faith to its revered mount sinjar. In 2014, isis invaded. Two months later, we came to report on the atrocities of the selfdescribed Islamic State. Of course, no country on earth recognizes that state, but if it had a border, this would be it. Beyond that border was the yazidi homeland, where the faithful practice a religion that predates islam by 3,000 years. In isiss perversion of the muslim faith, the yazidis were nonbelievers, condemned to slavery and death. Nadia murad translated on friday, august 15, at 11 30 a. M. , they entered our village and told us all to come to the school. There, the women and kids were put upstairs, and the men downstairs. Pelley what happened to you at that point . Murad translated as we were entering the school, i was with one of my brothers. There, we saw a bulldozer, and i asked my brother why is there a bulldozer here . He replied, to throw dirt on the bodies when theyre done killing. Pelley her brother was right. The yazidis, about half a million, were defenseless civilians. Thousands of men, and elder women, were executed. Boys, age seven and older, were forced into the isis army. What happened next . Murad translated they started loading up 150 girls in four dump trucks. Pelley more than 3,000 women and girls, as young as nine, were trucked into slavery. She says she was sold and raped, sold and raped again, and then gangraped after a failed escape. What about the other members of your family . Murad translated i have no idea where my brothers are. I want them all to return, but most of all, i just want my mother tell them, i just want my mother pelley she seemed broken. But, as our interview went on, her confidence grew, as though she came to realize she wasnt speaking for herself, she was speaking for her people. Months later, she settled in germany, joined a human rights group, and campaigned for justice. In 2018, the world learned her name, because nadia murad was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. applause the 2018 peace prize was meant to expose atrocities women suffer in war. The honor was shared with denis mukwege, whose hospital treats the sexually assaulted in the democratic republic of congo. Im curious why you chose to speak with us five years ago . Murad translated at the beginning, rape was a big shame for me and for others to speak about. Because it would have remained a shame on you, on your family and on your people. The biggest incentive that made me talk was those left behind, including my mother and sisters. I knew what was happening to those in the captivity of isis. Pelley nadia murad was captive nine days when the last man who bought her left a door unlocked. Kindhearted strangers smuggled her across the Islamic State line. She became a u. N. Human rights ambassador, began learning english, wrote a memoir, and vowed to see isis in court. But for that, she needed a amal clooney i met nadia after a colleague called me and said, i have a new case for you. And i said, no thanks. Im busy. And he said, theres just an extraordinary young woman i want you to meet. Give me an hour. Pelley it didnt take an hour for leading human rights attorney amal clooney to take the case. Clooney i saw it as a test of the international system. It was so egregious, because it involved isis, it involved a clear case of genocide. It involved sexual slavery to at a scale that we havent seen in modern times. And i thought, if the u. N. Cant act in this case, then what does the International Rule of law even mean . Pelley by 2015, not one free yazidi remained in their homeland. This wasnt just war. By international law, the executions, rape, and kidnapping were war crimes. Clooney this was the same dilemma that the world had after the atrocities of nazi germany. And its the u. S. , under president truman and president roosevelt, that said, no, we have to have trials, because there must be a judicial record of the atrocities committed by the nazis. Because today, you do have people denying that there were gas chambers and and what do you have to point to . You can go back and say, well, there are 4,000 documents that were submitted as exhibits in the nuremburg trials. And the yazidis deserve nothing less than that. Pelley and there might be similar stacks of evidence of the crimes against the yazidis, but clooney feared securing it was a race against time. Clooney you had mass graves that werent secured, where the yazidis knew their relatives were buried, and nobody was exhuming them. And also, i noticed that witnesses were becoming more and more reluctant to speak out, as time went by. So, you know, there was only so much we could do as a small team of lawyers. And we said, this is the responsibility of the u. N. And its the responsibility of the most powerful body within the u. N. , which is the Security Council. Pelley had you ever heard of the u. N. Security council . Murad never. Pelley in 2015, just a year after we met her, nadia murad asked the Security Council to hold isis accountable. Murad translated ive seen what theyve done to boys and girls. Rafficking and genocide need to be brought to justice. Pelley the Security Council voted to approve a first step. In 2017, it created an Investigative Team to collect evidence of isiss crimes in iraq. The team began exhuming some of the 202 mass graves that are known. Now, the question is whether the evidence will ever be heard. Iraqi courts are convicting thousands of isis suspects of terrorism, but none has been tried for the crime of genocide against the yazidis. Small pockets of isis fighters remain in syria and iraq. But u. S. And iraqi troops have shattered isis as a cohesive military force. Is that justice . Clooney absolutely not. You know, if you speak to yazidi witnesses, victims, survivors, they will say, it doesnt help me if somebodys killed in a drone strike. In terms of justice, that means something very different. That means being able to be in a courtroom and look their abusers in the eye, and tell the world what happened. What isis did to them. And that hasnt happened yet. Pelley it has happened before, in other atrocities. Last year, a u. N. Backed court in cambodia convicted two former officials of genocide, 40 years after the khmer rouge murdered 1. 7 million. Beginning in the 1990s, u. N. War crime trials were held for the former yugoslavia and rwanda. But iraq is not a member of the International Criminal court and has not agreed to war crime trials of its own. Clooney what we would like to see is an openness by the iraqis to actually have International Judges be involved in these trials. Potentially, international prosecutors. There are different ways of designing it. You know, the Iraqi Government could enter into a treaty with the u. N. , or there could be an inatcourth iraqis could agree to transfer those responsible for International Crimes to that court. Pelley today, peace, if not justice, has settled into the folds of mount sinjar. Four days after accepting the nobel, nadia murad returned with the yazidi man she would soon marry, and two replicas of her peace prize. This is what the absence of justice looks like. The demands of the desperate focused on a woman, abducted at 21 and now returning bearing the weight of a sevenounce medal. Murad translated the morning that i won the nobel prize, i asked my husband, abid, to see if there was a way i could decline, because the prize would make my life difficult. But, fate and god sometimes bring you something so that you can stop crimes and help others. Pelley has the nobel prize changed your hopes for the future . Murad translated now people look at me like i can rebuild sinjar, that i can bring more help for the victims and that i can take care of the orphans. But, without support, this is not going to happen by just having a nobel. Pelley in her village, she said, i have left a nobel prize at the iraqi parliament. I hope iraq, after 4,000 years, will recognize yazidis. We have always been second class citizens. Later, she walked to a site that held the answer to the desperate question she asked in our first interview. The long green depression in the earth was a mass grave her mothers grave. crying she said, dear mother, my poor mother. You left a replica of your Nobel Peace Prize at your mothers grave. Murad yeah. Pelley what do you think she would have thought of that . Murad translated i wonder if she knows that i have talked to the world about her silent death, the killing of her six sons and her two nieces. I often feel that what i have been doing is because of her. I wish that she would know about it. She may be happy because the world now knows what isis has done. Pelley this is the school where nadia murad was separated from her family. Five years later, the murdered and missing are present, but unaccounted for. Pelley altogether, nadia, how many members of your family were murdered . Murad translated we were 48 brothers, mothers, sisters, nephews and nieces in our family. Nine were killed, and three are missing. The rest, who were rescued, now live in refugee camps. Pelley there isnt much for refugees to return to. Yazidi homes were wrecked or looted of everything but memories. Today, nadia murad is navigating without a chart, steering by the constellation of her peoples dreams an accidental leader facing questions she cannot answer. Will they have homes . Will there be justice . Its estimated as many as 5,000 yazidis were murdered, 6,000 heduled foe missing still. Wiats being entombed in baghdad, where it will wait until the world that hears her voice, shares her courage. ticking type 2 diabetes are waking up to whats possible with rybelsus®. You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. Rybelsus® works differently than any other diabetes pill to lower blood sugar in all 3 of these ways. Increases insulin. Decreases sugar. And slows food. The majority of people taking rybelsus® lowered their blood sugar and reached an a1c of less than 7. People taking rybelsus® lost up to 8 pounds. Rybelsus® isnt for people with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. 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Try it today with our moneyback guarantee chief Justice John Roberts i will preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the united states. So help you god . crowd cheering stahl at age 45, chris downey had pretty much constructed the life hed always wanted. An architect with a good job at a small housing firm francisco, he was happily married, with a tenyearold son. He was an assistant Little League coach and avid cyclist. And then doctors discovered a tumor in his brain. He had surgery, and the tumor was safely gone. But downey was left completely blind. As we first reported in 2019, what he has done in the decade since losing his sight as a person, and as an architect can only be described as a different kind of vision. Several mornings a week, as the sun rises over the oakland estuary in california, an amateur rowing team works the water. Its hard to tell which one of them is blind. And chris downey thinks thats just fine. Chris downey its really exciting to be in a sport where nobody looks in the direction theyre going. You face this way in the boat, and youre going that way. So, okay, evensteven. We were just talking about that whole exterior. Stahl its not exactly evensteven in this design meeting, where downey is collaborating with sighted architects on a new hospital building. Chris downey under the canopy, where you could have down lights. Stahl . But he hasnt let that stop him. Here you are, in a profession that basically requires you to read read designs and draw designs. You mustve thought in your head, that is insurmountable . Chris downey no. I never thought stahl you never thought you never thought the word insurmountable chris downey lots of people, friends that were architects and anybody else would say, oh my god, its the worst thing imaginable, to be an architect and to lose your sight. I cant imagine anything worse. But i quickly came to realize that the Creative Process is an intellectual process. Its how you think. So i just needed new tools. Stahl new tools . Downey found a printer that could emboss architectural drawings so that he could read and understand through touch. Chris downey they look like normal prints, normal drawings, on the computer. But then they just come out in tactile form. Stahl so it is like braille, isnt it . Chris downey right. Stahl and he came up with a way to sketch his ideas onto the plans using a simple childrens toy malleable wax sticks that he shapes to show his modifications to others. And he says something surprising started to happen. He could no longer see buildings and spaces, but he began hearing them. Chris downey the sounds, the textures. And the sound changes because theres a canopy overhead. Stahl you can sense that were under a canopy . Chris downey yes. Its all a matter of how the sound works, from the tip of the cane. I was fascinated walking through buildings that i knew sighted, but i was experiencing them in a different way. I was hearing architecture, i stahl it sounds as if you began almost enjoying, in a way, being the blind architect. Chris downey it was sort of this this excitement of, im a kid again. Im im relearning so much of architecture. It wasnt about what im missing in architecture, its what it was about what i had been missing in architecture. Is that sufficiently different . Chris downey oh, yeah. laughter stahl chris downeys upbeat attitude doesnt mean that he didnt go through one of the most frightening experiences imaginable, and struggle. He and his wife rosa were living in this same home with their son renzo, then ten, when downey first noticed a problem while playing catch with renzo. The ball kept coming in and out of sight. The cause turned out to be a tumor near his optic nerve. Surgery to remove it lasted 9. 5 hours. He says his surgeon had told him there was a slight risk of total sight loss, but that hed never had it happen. Rosa downey when he first came out of surgery, he was able to see. Stahl but then things started to go wrong. The next day, half his field of vision disappeared. And then . Chris downey the next time i woke up, it was. All gone. It was just black. Stahl complete and total darkness . No light, you cant see anything . Chris downey no light. Its dark. Its all dark. Stahl after days of frant