Program hecker here i am. Martin but this american scientist was given a red carpet tour. Hecker we got up to the second floor, and looked down at a hall. Martin and you saw . Hecker i was just flabbergasted. I could not believe what i was seeing. Martin he visited not once, but seven times. U. S. Intelligence now estimates north korea has the ability to arm up to 60 Nuclear Weapons. Kim jongun is ecstatic about that, and doesnt care that his program is not a secret anymore. Hecker their confidence level, you know, is amazing wertheim portland, oregon sits in one of the most Beautiful Spots in america. 90 miles to the east, majestic mt, hood. 90 miles to the west, the pacific coast. For portlands 650,000 residents their scenic locale is paired with a liberal spirit. All cycling and recycling. Brownstein is that u. S. D. A. Organic, or oregon organic, or portland organic . Waitress its just all across the board, organic. Wertheim and an entire tv show, portlandia skewers the citys progressiveness and preciousness. Waitress the chicken you will be enjoying tonight, his name was collin. Here are his papers, okay . Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im scott pelley. Im lara logan. Im david martin. Im bill whitaker. Those stories tonight, on 60 minutes. I can do more to lower my a1c. Because my body can still make its own insulin. And i take trulicity once a week to activate my body to release it, like its supposed to. Trulicity is not insulin. It comes in a onceweekly, truly easytouse pen. The pen where you dont have to see or handle a needle. And it works 24 7. Trulicity is a onceweekly injectable medicine to improve blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes when used with diet and exercise. It should not be the first medicine to treat diabetes, or for people with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. 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Logan the war in afghanistan is the longest in u. S. History. Its lasted over 16 years, and in that time, americas goals and strategies have changed. Now theres another new plan. President trump has sent 3,000 more troops to train and assist the afghan army. But in the afghan capital, you dont have to go far to see the problems. Kabul is so dangerous, american diplomats and soldiers are not allowed to use the roads. They cant just drive two miles from the airport to u. S. Headquarters. They have to fly. After all these years, a trillion dollars, and 2,400 american lives, kabul is under siege. This is rush hour at Kabul International airport a swarm of helicopters thats earned the nickname embassy air. Its how americans and their allies working at the u. S. Embassy and military headquarters travel back and forth from the airport. Its just a fiveminute flight. The chopper we boarded was making its tenth trip of the day. Seat belts on at all times. No smoking everyone good . Logan a few years ago, american convoys regularly drove on the airport road below. Now, the view from the helicopter window is all most on board will see of kabul. Theyll stay behind blast walls for the rest of their time in afghanistan. We wanted to know what it says about where we are in this war, if american troops cant drive two miles down a road in kabul. John nicholson its a country at war. And its a capital that is under attack by a determined enemy. Logan no u. S. General has spent more time here than John Nicholson, the commander of American Forces in afghanistan. Nicholson we do Everything Possible to protect our forces. So logan youre not using the roads. Nicholson protecting the lives of our troops is our numberone priority. If we can fly instead of drive and that offers them a greater degree of safety, then its the prudent and the right thing to do. Logan in military terms, thats called surrendering the terrain. Nicholson i disagree. I think its answering our moral imperative to protect the lives of our soldiers and civilians. So thats what we do. Logan but this isnt some remote outpost. Its the capital. When the u. S. First came here, the population was 500,000. Now its more than five million. Refugees, people desperate for work, and terrorists have flooded kabul. General nicholson showed us how vulnerable the city has become. Nicholson a suicide bomber is going to go in here, hes going to kill himself. He doesnt care about his future. Vastly easier than what the Afghan Security forces have to do. Logan because he doesnt have to have an exit strategy. Nicholson exactly. Logan how easy is it to infiltrate the city, especially one this big . Nicholson yeah, right now its easier than we would like. Logan general nicholson took command in 2016 shortly after the u. S. Cut troop levels to fewer than 10,000. The enemy filled the vacuum. Suicide bombers have terrorized kabul ever since, shattering police stations, mosques, and foreign embassies. This truck bomb in may killed 150 people. It was the deadliest attack in the capital since the start of the war. Ashraf ghani the level of brutality, the level of heartlessness is unbelievable, and we have to muster all of our resources to be able to deal with this. Logan afghan president ashraf ghani rules from the president ial palace thats occupied the city center for more than a century. We noticed the walls around him and the rest of the city have expanded and grown taller since our last visit three years ago. Some of the streets we traveled turned into tight corridors of 20foothigh concrete barriers. It made it hard to tell where we were. Parts of this city now are unrecognizable. What happened here . Ghani the war is changing from a war against armies to a war against people. Logan more civilians are dying in kabul every year. And your response is more walls. Ghani 21 International Terrorist groups are operating in this country. Dozens of suicide bombers are being sent. There are factories producing suicide bombers. We are under siege. Logan by terrorizing the people, the taliban have sown deep doubts about the government. The result angry protestors in the capital chanting death to ashraf ghani. If you cant secure the capital, how are you going to secure the rest of the country . Ghani you tell me. Can you prevent the attack on new york . Can you prevent the attack on london . Logan were not talking about one attack. A series of attacks right here on your doorstep, a bomb that blew out the windows in your palace that has turned this city into something of a concrete prison. Ghani what do you want . Whats your alternative, maam . Logan what is the alternative . Ghani the alternative is resolve. Logan resolve has come at a heavy cost. In just four months last year, more than 4,000 Afghan Soldiers and police were wounded. Another 2,500 killed. Since then, ghani has refused to reveal casualty figures. As you will see, it is a sensitive subject. Your soldiers and your policemen are dying in unprecedented numbers. Ghani indeed. Logan how long can that be sustained . Ghani until we secure afghanistan. Logan how long is that . How long until you secure it . Ghani as long as it takes. Generations if need be logan the u. S. Isnt going to be here for generations. Ghani we will be here for generations. We do not need others to fight our fights. Logan people in this country say that if the u. S. Pulled out, your government would collapse in three days. Ghani from the resource perspective, they are absolutely right. We will not be able to support our army for six months without u. S. Support, and u. S. Capabilities. Logan did you just say that without the u. S. Support, your army couldnt last six months . Ghani yes. Because we dont have the money. Logan american taxpayers bankroll 90 of afghanistans defense budget. Thats more than 4 billion a year. Another 30 billion has been spent rebuilding this country. A bustling city has risen from the ruins. But in all the years we have been coming here, its never been this dangerous. Checkpoints choke the traffic all over kabul. It was as difficult to film as it was to move. Terrorists can strike at any time. Nobody knows that better than the men of this elite Counter Terrorism unit. They rush to the scene of every attack such as this one at a kabul mosque where a suicide bomber blew himself up just steps away. They took us beyond the barbed wire to the main military hospital, the site of a chilling attack last march by the islamic state, one of the many terror groups with a foothold in kabul. The terrorists, they wore the white coats, like a doctor, right . We were told by commanders who were here that five terrorists disguised as doctors got past the hospitals heavy security. They were armed with assault rifles and a weapon that allowed them to quietly move from room to room. Ahmed they had knives. They killed a lot of people with that knife. Logan so they were stabbing people in their beds . Stabbing patients . Ahmed stabbing patient in their beds. Yeah. And opening their stomachs. Logan this former lieutenant led the Assault Force that stormed the building. We agreed to conceal his identity to protect him from reprisals. Ahmed they are very clever. And they can do anything inside. They get into the buildings and they start shooting around and show the weakness of the government. Logan reinforcements landed on the roof. On the ledges below, you can see hospital workers hiding. When cornered, the terrorists detonated grenades strapped to their chests. They murdered more than 50 people that day. Afghans normally bury their dead in a simple cloth shroud. Thats not possible when bodies are obliterated by suicide bombers. It happens so often now, kabuls carpenters have turned to something new making coffins. Theres also greater demand for prosthetic limbs. This orthopedic clinic is run by the International Committee of the red cross. You said the security situation is not getting any better. Dr. Alberto cairo definitely not. I dont see any improvement. Logan dr. Alberto cairo has worked at the clinic for 27 years. He told us hes treating more and more victims of terror attacks. Logan so, you know, many people far away from here think this war is over. Cairo what . The war is over . Please. How can they think of anything like this . No. The war is going on. People are very desperate. People are, they have lost hope. Logan why do you say people have lost hope . Cairo if you consider that the lifespan of the people in afghanistan is around 60 years, it means that at least two thirds of them have seen only war. War, war, war. Logan with americas new strategy, more troops are in, time limits are out, and pakistan is under pressure for being a safe haven for terrorists. General John Nicholson believes this will end the war, something weve heard from previous commanders. Do you have everything you need . Nicholson yeah, with the new policy, i do. Logan this is it, right . I mean, theres no more . This is the end game . Nicholson yes, this is the end game. This is a policy that can deliver a win. Logan nicholson is targeting taliban leaders. This car carried one of their highranking commanders. And striking their largest source of revenue, the drug labs that turn afghanistans most common crop, opium, into heroin. The goal is to do what his predecessors have repeatedly tried and failed force the taliban to cut a deal. In 16 years, not a single taliban fighter has renounced al qaeda or embraced, publicly embraced the afghan constitution. Not a single one. Nicholson in private, they do. Logan they dont do it publicly. Nicholson but they do it in private. Logan it says it all that they wont do it publicly. Nicholson i agree with you. Logan right. So, why all these years people have been trying to bring the taliban to the negotiating table, theyve never come . Nicholson i believe its because they thought they could win. Because they believed we had lost our will to win. Because since 2009 when we announced the surge, we also announced our exit date. And, so, why, if your enemy has announced when hes leaving, then why would you negotiate . Logan all of these people assisted Osama Bin Laden and al qaeda, and were now saying to the american people, we cant defeat them, so were going to negotiate and put them in the government. Nicholson no, were killing them in large numbers. They can either lay down their weapons and rejoin society and be a part of the future of afghanistan, have a better life for their children and themselves, or they can die. Logan you know, Many Americans look at this and they say, you know, weve been there 16 years. Its enough now. We should just come home. Nicholson our country hasnt been attacked in those 16 years. They havent been attacked from afghanistan. Logan a lot of people at home just dont buy that terrorists are coming from afghanistan to attack them at home. Theyre worrying about the guy going to rent a truck from home depot and drive into a crowd of civilians. Nicholson well, this raises the point. We need to defeat the ideology. If we were to lose here or if we were to leave here, the cost would be unacceptable. Why . It would embolden jihadists globally, those living in our own countries. It would convince them of the ultimate success of their cause. In my view, the cost of failure here is unacceptable. How are you . Very good to see you guys. Logan general John Nicholson told us hes giving himself two years to deliver major changes. But its hard not to be skeptical in a city where the enemy has driven American Forces from the roads, into the sky. Lara logan looks back on 16 years covering the war in afghanistan. Logan lara logan for cbs news, kabul go to 60minutesovertime. Com. Sponsored by lyrica. But on the inside, i feel like chronic, widespread pain. Fibromyalgia may be invisible to others, but my pain is real. Fibromyalgia is thought to be caused by overactive nerves. Lyrica is believed to calm these nerves. Im glad my doctor prescribed lyrica. For some, lyrica delivers effective relief for moderate to even severe fibromyalgia pain. And improves function. Lyrica may cause serious allergic reactions, suicidal thoughts or actions. Tell your doctor right away if you have these, new or worse depression, unusual changes in mood or behavior, swelling, trouble breathing, rash, hives, blisters, muscle pain with fever, tired feeling, or blurry vision. 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Oh, this is bad. As long as people misplace their keys, you can count on geico saving folks money. Fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on car insurance. Martin relations with north korea had been going from bad to worse until this past week, when the north suddenly agreed to send a delegation to next months Winter Olympics in south korea. But one thing, the most important thing, hasnt changed. North korea insists it will never give up its Nuclear Weapons and is keeping them aimed at the united states. For years, the north has been boasting about its growing Nuclear Arsenal in an effort to convince the u. S. It cannot be pushed around. Much of that is propaganda, but all good propaganda has an element of truth. To make sure the u. S. Got the message, the North Koreans handed literally handed an american scientist one of their most valuable nuclear secrets. And not just any scientist, but a man who used to be in charge of designing american Nuclear Weapons. Sig hecker i was immensely surprised by how much they showed me, and with the openness with which they showed and explained that to me. Martin for 11 years, sig hecker had been director of Los Alamos National laboratory, birthplace of the american atomic bomb. So he was more than a little surprised when in 2004 he was invited on a tour of north Koreas Nuclear complex. Hecker theres no way in the world theyre going to let me in. By the way, i also thought the u. S. Government wouldnt let me go, but it turns out i was wrong on both accounts. Martin the North Koreans took him to a place called yongbyon, where they had been operating a Small Nuclear reactor. Hecker i would call it primitive but functional. And in fact, all of the instrumentation sort of reminded me when i first got to los alamos in 1965, you know, no modern electronics or anything of that nature. This is a reactor that was not very good for producing electricity, but it was very good for making plutonium. Martin after showing him the reactor, the North Koreans took him to a building where they claimed to be repr