João Amador, Filippo di Mauro Economic globalisation faces a legitimacy crisis that is fuelled by scandals along the globalised value chains characterising modern-day international production. The collapse of the Rana Plaza factory building in Bangladesh in 2013 is an example that received global attention. Campaigns by internationally active advocacy (or watchdog) non-governmental organisations (NGOs) like Greenpeace, Rainforest Action Network, China Labour Watch, etc. play a key role in exposing and creating awareness of what they consider ‘unethical’ practices in international value chains. These NGOs and their campaigns are key mediators of the general criticism of economic globalisation, which has emerged over the past decades, and which has culminated in the so-called ‘globalisation backlash’ of recent years (Rodrik 2017, Pastor and Veronesi 2018, Colantone et al. 2021).