To completely. Block exports there to those who did not agree to this scheme, and it was decided that the price of the vase would be more effective. Mr. Maksym, you are the first, but now you mentioned iran, the two of us are the first , just now, and i must say that very often, yes, as a journalist, as a presenter, i come across just those, i do not know that this is a russian ipso , or thoughts, such arbitrary thoughts of our people, but very often, you have heard it. Such a phrase, did he send, sort of thing, so they say, veran has been working under sanctions for 40 years, living under sanctions, and nothing happens to him, neither does russia, the sanctions do not work, probably, or they do not work enough for us, by the way, about the iranian sanctions, we will just ask now, we have the video material, and my colleague conducted a short interview today with mr. Simovelos, a great specialist on the east, and now we will hear him, after the islamic revolution, the process of introducing sanctions began after the seizure of the American Embassy in tehran and a long period of confrontation between the states and iran over the issue. As you know, at one time the United States of america supported the regime of the shah, the revolutionary islamic government, accordingly opposed the shah, and considered the United States. America as its key enemy. The justified storming of the embassy and the taking of the hostages actually led to a long crisis, and the americans even tried to release the hostages by military means, it did not succeed, and precisely because of this period, the first sanctions that were imposed on iran begin. Later, when iran and iraq fought during the iraq war. The United States of america, to a certain extent , helped iraq in its confrontation with iran. If we talk about the first sanctions, then they were caused precisely by the fact of the seizure of the embassy and the american hostages. Ah, you see, the seizure of the embassy and already such largescale sanctions, here half the country has been destroyed and still, well, somehow it does not add up. But this was only the first reference. The second expert, with whom doubled my colleague this. Ilya kus and now we will also listen to him, so that we already have absolutely, yes, information, please. Please tell me exactly how iran avoided sanctions from 1970 79 to the present time, the first sanctions were introduced in 70 in november 79, and were canceled in 81, when the issue of hostages was removed. Which, which the iranians took in the American Embassy, as soon as they were released, the states lifted sanctions from iran in the year 81, in the year 9596, the stage of conflict between the United States and iran begins, regarding the Iranian Nuclear program, and at first there were sanctions, the ban on its export to iran and the sale of weapons to iran, and then there were sanctions of an economic nature, all this time, starting from the mid 90s, iran managed to establish various mechanisms, well, to circumvent sanctions, this is both gray imports and smuggling , and the use of third countries that were not subject to sanctions, well, their territory was used in order to conduct Financial Transactions or to export, to import those sanctioned goods, they built, in fact, a gray tanker fleet with which they exported oil, that is, all these tools. They are enough known, they were not invented by iran, these are basically things that Different Countries used, and they are in principle inseparable, they are not inseparable from everyday life and the International System in general. What happened when in january 2023 the us imposed sanctions on suppliers of components for iranian drones. These sanctions, they were already after the fact, because frankly, even before 2023, a lot of irans Defense Industry companies were already under american sanctions, so they were finding a way to smuggle through third countries to import various components that were used in their weapons, and of course where it was impossible or there were not enough volumes, they tried to start their own production. In your opinion, how is russia currently cooperating with iran and also trying to circumvent sanctions, how are the usa and the eu opposed to this. In fact, the main problem with circumventing sanctions is that there are simply many third countries that are not subject to sanctions that themselves are taking advantage of the situation to make the money that iran and russia are using to bypass some of the restrictions for a certain period of time, and in principle, the only thing the us and the eu can do is work with these countries, persuade them to monitor the situation with smuggling, with the flow of sanctioned goods, or introduce sanctions against them, but this is political risky, because many of these countries may be countries that are close partners of the countries of europe and the United States, so the issue here is quite delicate. On may 29 of this year, the supreme. Council of ukraine approved the introduction of sanctions against iran for 50 years, how will these sanctions be to act, what they include, for me, this decision is, on the one hand, understandable, given the position of iran, that we have introduced sanctions against it, it is logical, because iran supplies russia with weapons, and therefore acts as an accomplice of aggression, on the other hand, i i dont really understand whether this decision is part of the wider sanctions policy of ukraine in one respect. Iranians, how will iran and russia continue to cooperate, and what sanctions can the us and the eu countries introduce, both against iran and against russia . I think that their cooperation will remain at the level of situational partnership as it is, that is, this partnership is conditioned by the present moment, it is not a Strategic Military alliance, it is more a friendship in the moment, which involves mainly exchange. That is, the ground floor in various areas. The russians transferred and continue to transfer military technology to iran, iran in return transfers weapons to russia, and they also transfer components so that russia can continue to assemble iranian drones on its territory. The only thing that could change is if the United States and europe offer iran a new deal on its Nuclear Program that would include the easing of sanctions against him and such an agreement can bind irans obligations not to supply russia with weapons. Thank you for your meaningful answer. Thank you, goodbye. So, mr. Maksym, we focused so much on iran for a reason, and you mentioned it, and mr. Kusa spoke about it, and mr. Simo vlos consulted about it, because really two countries under sanctions, one a long time ago, one recently, have merged in ecstasy, as they say, they pass on some experience to each other, and exchange. Or resell to each other what they are interested in, but for us, as you understand, the main thing is that russia buys weapons from iran, specifically the shaheds , who attack our peaceful cities, killing absolutely peaceful people, ah, just in the middle of the night and destroying everything, everything, everything they get into , they will kiss, and thank god not often lately, but nevertheless, whether the cooperation between russia and iran. May end up, may be broken due to, well, in your opinion, i understand that this is not exactly your sphere, due to the new, Nuclear Agreement in the morning, whether it depends on the event whether it will be torn up, i think that such an agreement depended on many factors, and it will not be easy to achieve, especially considering that america is rolling in the preelection period, but i think that it would be really better for ukraine if this agreement was. Achieved, firstly, to break the military Technical Cooperation between iran and russia, among others, it was better not only for ukraine, but also for the middle east region, because russia is transferring missile technologies to each other, drone technologies, with the help of which iran will threaten its neighbors , which ukraine is not, but American Allies in the middle east are, and secondly, such cooperation would free up large volumes of iranian oil, which could produce much more than it does now, and since it has no obligations to its arab neighbors, who are opposed to lower oil prices, it could in order to get hold of the money, to improve the material situation of its population, which is currently suffering from fortyyear sanctions, many goods are in short supply, low Living Standards and so on, protests will break out from time to time, so of course it was very interesting for ukraine situation, firstly, that they stop selling weapons in russia, secondly, that they throw additional volumes of oil into the international market, this would reduce prices , thus reducing russias income, and besides, since we are absolutely now, under the importer for 100 of oil products, and we were also happy when the prices, bossia bombed our last working oil pipeline, unfortunate, kremenchuk is already confused, how much. There were dozens of missile and rocket strikes, and now we are unfortunately completely dependent on the import of oil products and any movement in the international market, which is in our hands until the price drops, uh, but, listen , coming back to russia, dont the russians, that means, in the pubs or not in the pubs, envisage the strategy, but the possibility that iran, roughly speaking, will throw them, eventually, sooner or later, because look, and in the post on august 17 of this year he writes russian engineers in the special, so there Economic Zone of allabut, i am not sure that this is the right emphasis, but god is with him , this is in tatarstan, and they are trying to improve iranian drones right now kamikaze 136, well, the same shaheds , so the robots, however, are behind their schedule, the Washington Post writes, at least by a month, due to, what would you think, dependence on foreign electronic components. Ah, but russia has made steady progress in creating a variant of the iranian strike drone, and the capability of this drone , unfortunately for us, is 1. 6 1600 km, ugh, and so , the point is that cooperation between the Russian Federation and iran includes the exchange of project documentation and components for the production of shaheds, however, some components, as we understand, especially microelectronics, microprocessors, its not from iran, its from the west, and we know that the iranian shaheds suddenly find components that could not be there if they were all, as you rightly said, not all are honest, if they were all to be honest, the embargo was working then, and the fact is that on august 28 of this year, the mmk mcphalo group , an International Working group, so it made public, recommendations on strengthening control over components of foreign production, and there, in particular, many components for drones are needed, russia receives. From other countries, this is china and even hong kong, well that is china, in fact, even hong kong, it is already, it is no longer hong kong, it is no longer, it is already xiangang, yes, it is already part of china, from turkey, but the company, as this working group says, they should better control who they are dealing with, how can this even be prevented in todays world of the sample, i dont know in the 23rd year, when you can order from aliexpress, well, i dont know what else, i think , that we. The Peoples Society should better serve the recommendations of the group you mentioned, yarmak makfe, in order to to strengthen control over how dualpurpose technologies are used, it must already be recognized that electronics is a dual Purpose Technology and the same controls as on all such dualpurpose technologies have been implemented, which means it can be used both in. In this way to tighten control over the final buyers of these goods, because in principle, there are very few microelectronics manufacturers in the world, very few, and only a few of these manufacturers can tighten their policy to whom they sell to whom not to achieve their result, this is not so. Such a simple thing that you can assemble in every garage, you can assemble a bodyless machine in a garage, but you cannot assemble a chip, and even more so, you cannot, moreover, we know that there are not so many manufacturers of microprocessors in the world, very few and all russias efforts to do their work are dogs, they are not, well, it is from the day before yesterday, it seems, yes, they are not successful, they cannot be interpreted as successful, because they are neither this nor that. Quality and they cannot scale this production, but that means they have to simply follow these recommendations, conduct sanctions and conduct control over all third countries, which are neutral. Who resell dualpurpose goods in russia and even nondualpurpose goods, because we will literally touch on them now, and there are also diamonds, and there is also the antwerp stock exchange, where almost a quarter are russian diamonds, and the position of the dutch, i apologize to the belgians, is such that if we close it now, our jobs here will disappear, you know, this will affect the economy and so on and so forth, in general in what is known about me, or is it possible that some new sanctions experience should be used in relation to russia . The position of ukraine is known, the first thing is that it would be good to achieve the implementation of the previous 11 countermeasures, it would be good, once, twice, the issue of diamonds, which you are talking about, is overdue, because unlike oil, it is not a social commodity, gas is an increase in heat in homes, it is a social good that affects all the poor, including diamonds, but not everyone and not every day buys diamonds, and the market, the volume of the market is unequaled, however, these are very large revenues for russia, because this is a very marginal product, it is sold for much more. Because it is sold for much more than it is produced, that is, now the price of selling oil and the price of its production in russia are as close as possible , and russias profit is large, but the profit is not as big as it was before the war, the profit on diamonds is huge, so it is simply unfortunately, an example of the effectiveness of the work of russian lobbyists in europe, which is already 11. This is not to be done and the third important sector, to which ukraine has already achieved a year and a half after the seizure of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear plant, this is the superimposition of the stations on rosatom, rosatom is a Huge Corporation that deals with a very large number of military issues, specifically rosatom and serves all the Nuclear Warheads of the First Nuclear stockpile in the world, which are aimed at london, aimed at washington. That is, the Russian Nuclear shield or the triad depends on Rosatom Rosatom this is not a civilian production, that Nuclear Warheads are separate, and Missile Defense systems are separate, no, this is one corporation that does everything, and makes Nuclear Weapons aimed at the west, that is why ukraine has been saying for a year and a half that it is necessary to impose sanctions on rosatom as well as on prosato, yes, mr. Maksym, and we literally have time for a short answer to what i call the final, so murderous question, russia very often tells us that sanctions are not are working, that they are doing well, that is what putin says, well, god be with him, or the devil be with him, but the logic is simply elementary, it says such things, if russia itself says that the sanctions are not working, why is it making efforts to remove them, thats how sanctions work or not, sanctions definitely work, and many of them are measured by many measurable indicators, this is the exchange rate, this is the deficit , and this is the reduction of production, this is the increase in the lack of orbit, the disruption of logistics chains, and the lack of many goods according to many nomenclature, this is the technological backwardness of russia, and this effect is increasing, we would like it faster, we would like more, but they are working and the russian economy is not feeling well because of this, this is enough, of the sanctions that are already in place, are they necessary . They are necessary greatly expand, greatly strengthen, close many, many fronts, close the routes through third countries, through central countries, through entire countries, close the sale of vassal from sales , the event itself, there, like the already mentioned transshipment in the open sea, alternately, and it is necessary to expand to those industries that are not strategic for the event, as you sholomaisya, against which will give a lot of money. Russia and other sectors, first of all, it is rosatom, well, in the end, sanctions should make it impossible, as it is laid down in the ideal, so at the very beginning, to make it impossible for the aggressor to wage a murderous war, which means that they will make it impossible for russia to invest in armaments there, in general, and in the end, i hope, will save not only us efforts, but also. Not save the lives of our soldiers, who are right now with you here we are talking, and now they are defending, including our calm conversation in the studio now, and i will remind everyone that today we talked about whether sanctions against russia are working, at a time when russia is saying the opposite, that they are not working against sanctions on us, they must be lifted, so we agreed on the fact that everything works, we still need to spread and deepen it, and you know what else works, the zsu works, so when you watch this program, dont forget to drop some money on the zsu, because the economy is the main thing for waging war, that is why antirussian sanctions are needed. Chevor