Diversity the dilemma facing south american nations and sponge cities. Copenhagen plants protect itself from flooding. Often more than 50 is not says heading back to the knee and not just for a short visit. For the 1st time humans a to live and work that. The us space agencies, multi phase awesome, is mission, is paving the way for permanent moonbase and many of masses contracts going to private tech companies. You need housing, you need the ability to communicate a back to earth, but also to other places on the surface. Theres all these needs that you have just like we have needed here on her. Theres needs that you have her living on the moon and thats as looking for the commercial sector to fill that in the fast phase of the mission and 2020 to 2 on mind space capsule, which means the 25 days and 2024 strand or seduce and make the journey. So this last time russia, china and india. And lets say planning missions. But the main is an inhospitable place. Temperatures hit a 100 degrees celsius during the day and minus a 170. 00 at night, plus theres no oxygen. So how will scientists conduct research that youre asking, what are the, the capabilities that are most likely to be developed . I think its ones that are centered around what it takes to keep an astronaut alive and connected and, and that kind of basic range of functions that they need to to do. There is money to be made and meeting the needs of the main settlers above all, through the infrastructure required to search for war to annual materials. Necessaries investing in the development of unmanned robots likes to invite the noun rates that its set to tax. The large quantities of water found the means pose, together with a vehicle developed by the american company, astra bostic technology. The general major is, is also working with Lockheed Martin on the development of the battery pilot cleaner. Right. But the, this basically experiments, the most important element is water. For example, to produce hydrogen or oxygen as propulsion for further emissions. And the launching from the surface. The moon will then be much cheaper than from earth, as well as for launching satellites around the earth. And you have the mic. No, that can naturally important results as regulus noon dust. And theres plenty of, its not the plans to extract it using special mining robots which are currently in the fast stages of test. And the name dust will be used to construct houses. 3 d printers will print the building pots initially on us and later on the moon itself to save on transportation costs. And this is what the finished modules could look like. Get it out with furniture for like a comfortable house. The community would also need electricity and internet. Nokia plans to set up a for g network. That space is the ultimate hybrid. It is a, a, a very unique area where countries get advantages from and there is a whole bunch of unexplored opportunities on the moon. Is the opportunity to signal leadership, to the rest of the world, saying here, look how strong our capabilities are. But also theres, theres real value in be there. The most lucrative cause of Space Exploration is space rockets and leading the way is eat on most Company Space x. Here launch rockets are being built to the set and for the stages of the ultimate mission, theyll be able to transport tons of materials to the main. Nasa is investing billions and that development several attempts have already failed about success is likely only a matter of time. We fuzzies before a 1000000 base. The assumption is you need mass is comparable to those for the International Space station or even more in orbit. And they need to be continuously supplied. And you have to imagine the same for the moon. And so that the astronaut. So lets say look stylish on the next me mission, crashing company. Prada is co designing the seats. The moon is endlessly fascinating and currently inspiring many new business ideas. In decades past the most famous advertising figure on the western world of gasoline market was this very guy, a mascot for the brand belonging to us, the fuel jaya, exxon mobil, the marketing slogan for car drivers, put a tiger in your tank today, theres a different type of animal component and fuel this time for environmental reasons. Prime example, ports that used in kerosene. A growing number of the airlines are using it as an additive, as governments and says that Aviation Fuel has to become more sustainable. But is putting picks that in your tank. Really a good idea. The pilot on flying from paris to new york for the equivalent of 9000 dash takes a new tank. One environmental, great. What town . Lots, what it would take to fuel a plane. It was that distance, pigs have a lot of font which can be used in aviation field. Its some things that were clean. Union wants to see more of in the future. We use animal fast because the low quality animal fats are relatively easy to convert into sustainable Aviation Fuel animals, diesel. And the processing equipment that we have is, is a relatively searchable with some adapt taishan to, to take those feed stocks. So mad i also like ryan a one to start using animal fences soon as possible. But no life still can we flow to to field instead of part is to be taken from meat, industry waste and then added to ordinary kerosene. But why go to the trouble . There is a growing demand to use animals that india visual sector of within human. This will refuel to you because they will be counted as Sustainable Education fuels. Refill you is a political agreement aimed at cutting c o. 2 emissions from aviation, the across the youre seen, union can using audible fonts, is part of that. But other industries that rely on animal side for the production, like the cosmetics and Food Industries are worried. That wouldnt be enough to go round. Comfortable. Pick stone fell on trees. Of course, the problem is that the more you direct them to batches reduction, the bigger issue you have for these industries have to find the benefits available. Since youve done that is our festival on. And these are all not over the phone, so that as the cheapest option available and having the most similar appropriate just unable fits have issues connected to deforestation to Human Rights Violations and many other problems. Many environmental this view palm oil could become the number one, alternative little pond oil means more palm oil times patients, which usually come at the expense of the rain forest. Its important to note as well that the European Commission recognizes that and that the regulation being develops, the aides and refill you aviation sets, a cap of 3 percent of animal fact arrived, Sustainable Aviation field. However, this translates according to our reputations, to more than 1000000. 00 tons of additional animals. But ultimately flying last may be the only way to bring down combinations across here. It does your lotion contain petroleum . A for your bubble gum, perhaps you drive it gasoline powered car, or a plastic one. Theyre all dependent on oil. As our menu, south american countries in terms of the wealth generated from petroleum production, the region is in the midst of an oil rush. While some countries are increasing their output, others are bucking the trend. For the sake of the environment, the bigger houses, bigger bridges, bigger plants. It was ones one of the poorest countries in the region. Now, the tiny south american nation of diana is one of the worlds Fastest Growing economies because of oil k on isnt alone. Countries across south america are pursuing new drilling projects. Others are on a different path. Voters in ecuador, rejecting Government Drilling plants. Columbia says its done with new fossil fuel projects to focus on renewables. You know, so to those we have this conjunction of water, sun, and wind at the same time, at the same place. And then we model that one confidence, 2 different approaches to the wealth buried underground, but which one is right . The guy out of joining the ranks of the worlds boy produces for the 1st time on friday as us or a Company Exxon Mobil said itd be gone, producing crude off the cost of the south american country, making this video is from december 2019. But changing guy on a really started for years earlier, thats one. Exxon mobil made the 1st of a series of Major Oil Discoveries offshore. Over the years, the findings have totaled an estimated 11000000000 barrels. New oil wells are now set to come on line throughout the decade. Growing guy honest production by hundreds of thousands of barrels at a time by 2028. The country could be pumping one point to 1000000 barrels a day, making it one of the worlds Top Oil Producers that could change everything for the country. Guy honest sits on the north east coast of south america. It has roughly 800000 residents in 2019 its poverty rate was nearly 50 percent according to the world bank. Now the economy is growing by double digit figures, and that growth is already visible. Every building thats going on is for store used or in 5. Every rule it is you might have seen before is being transformed into the, for the, in the oil boom is also brought new problems, locals, complaint of rising costs. And not everyone is profiting immediately. That has a stop guy on his neighbors from looking at their own offshore projects. Brazil is preparing to develop oil blocks along its northern coast. So is there a not, which is working with french driller to tile energies. And all of this at a time with new oil projects, technically should be i think of the past in south america, many new projects and both offshore drilling. Thats especially attractive to investors. As the oil is easier to access, keeping costs low, but much of south americas wealth is still on shore. And overall production there has been following after decades of lower investment. Thats a traditional ex borders like mexico and venezuela, the hardest. Their output has fallen in recent years. In that case, how long does it make sense to continue new drilling . Growth in demand for oil should slow significantly this decade, driven in large part by the rise of electric vehicles. Peak demand could soon follow. But so far there are few signs that Global Demand will plummets. We think that the kind of oil demand decline, storage, play me see if you, whether your way, whether your columbia, whether your so if you read the, you are to look to extract every last viral from these rest of law. I dont think the demand is going to be that, but there are growing reasons why south american countries might hesitate to drill, including opposition in their own country every single time. But i know most people have been going through the reverse. It goes through all of these a consistent impact of the community. Jorge espinoza is part of an organization in ecuador, that opposes Government Drilling in. Yes, and the national park. Yes. And he is considered to be per square meter, one of the most by diverse regions on earth is also hold to several indigenous tribes. The block in dispute has been estimated to hold 1700000000 barrels of oil. And the government has been drilling there for years. In august, protests record a major victory with voters across equity works clearly rejected the drilling in a referendum. Its not just equity where were public concern over drilling is growing. Brazil, state oil, producer plans to drill and an offshore region known as the equitorial margin. Its right next to the mouth of the amazon river. The protestors in the country have pushed hard against the move. No south American Government has become as vocally opposed to oil as columbia, as president gustavo pittsville has moved to band fracking and suspend new oil gas and coal exploration. Hes called oil and addiction and said that his country needs to focus on the transition through newbold instead of the house came out of the city while they lets the jungles burn while hypocrites and persecute the plans. They convinced most to hide the disasters of their own society to see that they ask us for more and more coal mine more and more oil to come the other addiction and throw knew that of consumption all about that of power. That of money. Little while there live in the middle, columbia has around 7 years of oil left at its current production. The country says, and it will likely depend on that revenue for some time. And its no small amount of money. In 2022 revenues from oil exports added up to about 20 percent of the governments plan budget for the following year. So guitar says tourism and clean Energy Exports can make up more of that revenue. But even with a solid base of clean energy, much bit hydro power, columbia has important more electricity in recent years than its ex, ported, and tourism figures would have to jump dramatically to begin to approach fossil fuel revenues. And this is the tricky part of the global transition away from oil, the obligations of individual countries, especially those that are poor to countries, there have the same responsibility to limit fossil fuel projects because of climate goals, or maybe even a greater one because of the amazon basin with local c, resource extraction as a scourge or as in guy on a, an opportunity to improve their lives that they wont be lectured about. Is a big position of the government here. That is, we dont want to hear from the 1st or the developed countries that we must restrain what weve done because theyve been pumping to go. So you know, hundreds of years and producing destroying the forest. We have a right to be able to develop our resorts is even if the consequences of continued oil drilling on a global level are quite clear. For south american countries at the oil cross roads to different directions. No simple answers. The sponges are used to scrub dishes, clean your home for yourself. Their criminal characteristic is that they absorb water and release that when run out. More and more cities are now using that principle to protect themselves from flooding. But how do you turn the city into a sponge . On the 2nd of july 2011. This is what copenhagen looked like. Dead draughts floated in the stormwater after the wants of the powers into a kind of brain. A quarter of a sudden vision woke us. Thats sick in the aftermath. And one even died of a blood infection, but it didnt still fit in full out of the last 6 years. The city has seen ive known the cloud both, but its conventional stormwater system con. Do with how exactly your flag proof of city of this scale. If i was, it was 5 years ago, this 3 who dont have been to, but instead that may have been an s u. V stuck in congested traffic. This square is one over on 300. 00 spots and copenhagen chosen for me. Cooper. It used to be a busy round about that it has now become a wooded area in the middle of the city. Its one part of the plan to turn copenhagen into a kind of giant sponge for the next 100 years after the devastating 2011 fletch, its here that i met eon, joshua, some of the head of the cities cowed both Management Plans. Who told me that they wasnt able to wake up, call the printers and the decides of at that time thats read a need for getting a lot out of the city very fast. They ask for a plan. How to do this in a table weight. It could be expand to suicide or could we do it in multiple way . Maybe they had the rainbow. Busy that surface at the same time make a decision to be the waste from or reinstate the mall. By the way, this is the incident mom. Each of these are facing in the city. So young, steam worked, have done this down and about into water cause the green component of the code was spanish from plan invisible side control in plain sight. Thats a small pump. Mm hm. Because the way more than that, huh. I mean if the water continues to come and the cost is. Ready road here in a lot of ponds for hers in the, in this connected to the see these little link phones are being built on across the city to hold excess water from land phone. But its not just phones, some projects of smaller but still hold water like green roofs less noticeable, a wide spread climate inlets that looked like ordinary drains. The bigger and an area of the higher risk are based on the map, young steam device of how the city is likely to flood in a toad. Boast event. On march of the 2000000000 euros given to the Water Department is going 20 meters underground into the backbone of the project. The tunnel with this kind of dense oven area, you cannot solve the problem adjustment green solutions. This is jessica 1000 costs. We look for the city Water Department on a giant tunneling project. 500. You can do all sort of things on the surface and all of this you can remove maybe 3050 millimeters of rain. But if youre getting 150 or 200 meters already, you need a big system. So really transport water away. Theres no way of also couldnt get into the hava without making it tell me like this. The new Tunnel Network is 3. Me doesnt die meter and runs for 18 to them. It goes across the city, the donalds, where carry water from the bones and the roofs to us the harbor. But they still have another function for the rest of the year to watch what can be stored here instead of in the sewage system and slowly release into the hub that keeps the Water Quality in check. And so people in copenhagen can swim in the harbor and the canal system to the young and the donald step in again in a storm. If you have a heavy storm wave stop cutting funding industries, we just opened it up and it can the transport all the water through the pumping station into the, into the hub. Okay . So it will simply empty the strange that will still be watching the streets. I mean, its not completely dry, but well go from from half between half and one meters down to, to 10 centimeters. Essentially this maximum. Mm hm. And how much water can this whole system deal with . The, the, the amount of water that can be transported in the system is determined by the pump station to have at the end of and the pumpkin to live at 20 cubic meter per 2nd. And 2000 to be this per 2nd now, however you will, expressive, and as soon as you have it have a storm loud and you stop getting was in the streets, it will stop. I need to just keep m to the many cities are in the process of measuring that on sponging is not every city has as much free space. So as beef never post some a much mo