To tomorrow today to dw science. Life begins here in, in a some penguins done for the building and this to have say, yeah, they distress the eggs on their feet and cover them with a brood house. A fold of wound skin. In the eggs, the bed embryo defense and little hot forms and stops to be. But that only happens if it says nice eggs incubated to ensure it doesnt crack under pressure. But x of 70 constructed the v 8. Although nourishing as a food stuff, it was designed to be an intelligent incubation. So its extremely robust. It takes real effort for chicks to hedge from the shell the, the jobs were not bad, but not what i did. It really is a wonder of nature, but i and its also important because actually the addict or the and shell is there to protect the chain or the him turns the ac several times a day and also sits on it. So it has to endure a lot the egg as so stable, that when a chick is ready to hatch, they need a special, a tube tvs to break open. Michelle from the inside icon. Im done front in the chalet. Um also pollution. The egg structure also plays a role and it shows you normally 0. 3 to 0. 4 millimeters thick and consists of 90 percent calcium carbonate, making it very hard. It is made up of many tiny crystal and pillars pet to tightly together. They form a stable structure. The many pores gives a show a certain the less disappeared but they are also responsible for air exchange. Carbon dioxide is released, fresh oxygen is absorbed, moisture is also absorbed so that the a does not dry out. A cleverly designed protection for new life. The which came 1st, the chicken, all the big chicken. I mean, thats what a glimpse inside an egg reveals. Because all this eggs have an ed pocket which supplies the embryos oxygen. But 1st, there has to be a chicken there to lay such a big egg with an f pocket. In the 1st place. I have pockets might have been important in evolutionary tons. So this could develop a unique respiratory system that allows them to fly. Fit in 3 beds mainly hung around the home to well migratory birds in bulk on long chinese separates migration patch and seem to be changing as a group of researches in switzerland as upsetting nighttime over link geneva high up. And this was out on the cold is shavone mountain past leo. Now my money is on his way to his net. He catches migratory birds for research purposes. He founded this Bird Watching Center 30 years ago when he was still a student to the the next are 9 to 20 meters high. The tallest in switzerland. Still, we catch just the small fraction of the passing birds, maybe one out of every 1000 or 10000, depending on the species as best. Though the wind conditions are ideal, normally checks the nets and finds a surprise that theyre a bad thats a bit unexpected. So late in the fall, most baths dont migrate, but rather seek shelter and higher altitudes in winter. About 20 bad species can be found here at the cold as a mom pass a moment. He has been observing them for a while and has seen their numbers fall over the years. Intensive agriculture is threatening their food supply, visual so we, so what this is a look, the bats are protected, but theyve suffered a lot due to pesticides which have greatly reduce the number of insects and youre not going to do that. So the less is that ongoing or have things stabilize to say, um, if i click united, their numbers keep decreasing stuff up. I kind of, you know, things dont look good for insect divorce, notably birds and baths and, and then the bet disappears into the night. Meanwhile, the wind conditions have changed. Most migratory birds flying at night. So as dawn, its time to get to work. This is only possible thanks to the help of volunteers. Like nikolai, the biologist has spent almost 3 months at the observation center. So thats the one. Yes, the one that you met, that during the 1st morning round, we catch lots of birds that were migrating at night. They take a break and come down to the ground to eat with you and find to the net more because they fly lower than it naturally pre bucher on castle names. They remove the birds from the nets in october. There were lots of robins that were on the way to the mediterranean. The birds are collected in clocks, tags, and hung up in order. The most sensitive creatures come 1st. Then each bird is banded and examined. Its wing span and the amount of fat under its feathers are checked before the bird is released. Only certified inspectors may do this one. Let me tell me, cuz i gotta do preventative and i got my bird banding permit last year. I mean, you need to train forward beforehand to continue and as ive been doing this since i arrived, ive gotten the hang of it and stuff i am on our records, the data which helps provide statistics on migratory birds. Or even though few of them are caught, again, the number of spines provides an overview of the bird populations uncalled as a mom leo, now normal, he has observed the impact of Climate Change for decades. Thats what is made species like this ring whose l. A rare sight fitness basically is how, hey, this is a species thats become rare, are due to Global Warming on the alpine population is moving to Higher Ground because theyre being driven out by black birds, which themselves are moving to Higher Grounds. This north accept species is retreating more and more to northern europe, this northward retreat as a result of Climate Change. I dont know the, there are winners and losers from the mediterranean species are the winners, at least from a switch perspective. We have species that werent here before, but weve also noticed that theyve disappeared from southern European Countries like portugal, and theres been a sort of northward shift that sounds like allows me to know leona mama, he plans to keep monitoring these changes, to better understand the plate of migratory birds on their journey south few species of bed stay home only around these magpies even keep the place tardy. In this experiment, they squarely wage bustle, cabs, snip up a, treat every time. Especially given the fact that books brains like a new cortex. The folded pods at the mammalian brain, responsible for permission and other complex behaviors gets the demonstrate astonishing cognitive within the once the explanation for these researchers at roy university, both of them are looking for answers. The scientists here work with ravens. Yes, this is athena. Take the hassle head daily training. I lean works with a female, a you region cro of some bird from the raven family. Raven so thought to be a specially intelligent but a scene is rather shy. Its better if we keep our distance. Strange people are objects like our camera can distract the bird tends right. Okay, a one. Very good. Ever seen another one and faces me. Its okay. Dislike always odyssey at last. She brings a theme that into the testing area. You, the bird will pick up the monitor with its pete memorizing specific patterns and sequences in the process. So we can, we can what just seen it from above. We all know that shes working now the most. Do you think shes to pick the point on these 3 monitors, a pick, a black point of has and she must ok for him respond. Athena must also memorize the sequence in which she picks the points so that you can enter the exact same pattern into a 4th monitor. Suffice, satisfied. So she got that wrongly. Lets see, the one that says briefly times blocked to signal top to ha ha. Lets see if she gets it right. This time up to each location corresponds to an abstract symbol which doesnt appear there. The monitor above stands for campaign. The monitor on the right stands for toilet, and the left is ports. Of black points is the only thing shown on the screen. Ive seen a must confirm the sequences on the control monitor using the correct symbols, camping toilet port. She got it right here once again because it went so fast camping toilet port and her reward. So by see if she knows this correctly, she gets food feed pellets, come out this automatic dispenser. Then the next tests begin this trial. A little is known about how birds brings function, the neutral scientist, your now suppose i and his team. Hope such experiments will help them figure out how ravens retrieve info from short term memory, which could be a key to understanding birds intelligence. This isnt guns visiting assess team, but if its an important system, as it forms the foundation of degrees of higher cognition and its characteristics, make it attractive to studies, its capacity is limited and we cant recall endless numbers of things and its fragile. Info gets lost when were distracted on the one. This gives us the chance to see how it performs compared to other species. And this is how good is it cro compared to a monkey . For example. How much can they recall and see how flexibly can they work with these kinds of subjects the body . In this experiment, a cro is learning that only the tube on the range will help it raise the water level in the middle and bring the food closer. When it throws in stones on the left and nothing happens at the amazing thing, its learning from experience alone and even employing tools that points to complex thought pattern. Besides ravens hours and parents are also of interest to brain researchers, even pigeons wait pigeons of course says bio psychologist, own or going to one of the worlds foremost pitching of the searchers. He also works in brooklyn, and its been examining the birds cognitive abilities for years. This is mike, does it to you as a yep. Do you think i really liked these animals . Does it not the superstars of learning . Thats the crows and parents. But they have something really great, a kind of meticulous assistance in carrying out a given task like they work on it for hours. And thats ideal for scientists. As mistakes they might provide incredible insight into how the thought process functions, v dusting and from to near to as you mentioned, thats why they Great Research animals have dentist come. I love them. A busy mammals. The brains cortex is responsible for a complex problem solving. It was assumed birds lacked such a cortex. But with the help of a laser, scientists found cortex like structures visible in the Cross Section of the birds brain. The typical horizontal and vertical strands that make complex thought possible. With these kinds of vertical strands enable and extremely Detailed Analysis of everything they perceive. The horizontal is help them connected all together, either meet under a microscope, it becomes clear with the vertical and horizontal structures are capable of using an ice and we see our individual doc and nerve cells with the technology weve applied here. We can see when the dock and cells communicate with other nerve cells. So in a way were seeing whos communicating with whom am i to me today and its an astonishing discovery. No one expected a bird spring could be as complex as a mammals of didnt. Yes, blakes last glance, the brain seems so different and youd be able to further in, you go and the more carefully you look, the more you find the same basic principles. The closer you look in the most similar they are. All of you can show in other words, brain structure is a decisive factor in determining an animals cognitive abilities. The some features of the strains could already be seen in the full fathers, the dinosaurs. Thats an indication of the close relationship between beds and dinosaurs. Just like they gave genetic analysis shows, chickens and ostrich is a more closely related to the to run a source rex than any other living space. But one of the obvious differences is the size adults that the relative from mexico wants to know. Why did the dinosaurs grow so big . Giraffe, so the tallest land animals are live today. Reaching heights of up to 6 meters. They tower over all other creatures. Yet they are shrimps compared to the dinosaurs. The largest ones were known as sorrow pods. These giant are boys 1st walk the earth some 230000000 years ago. 66000000 years ago they became extinct. Findings of their bones reveal that some of these dinosaurs were more than 35 meters long, 17 meters tall, and weighed almost 70 tons. And thats about as heavy as a herd of elephants. There are several reasons why dinosaurs grew to be so large. One is likely because they chew their food. They tore off branches and leaves with their teeth and swallow them whole as the simulation that a Dinosaur Park shows. So they could consume vast quantities of nutrients quickly. Their bottlenecks also let them raise over large areas without needing to move around. The energy saved could then be used for growth. The another reason was the bird like respiratory systems, sorrel pods, breed using air, sex, distributed throughout their bodies, even between the cervical vertebrae. This made their next relatively light, which allowed them to become so very long. The researchers also believe that dinosaurs grew very quickly young dinosaurs just touched from an egg like this. We barely 10 kilos, but in just 30 years that we would increase 5000 fold. But there are still many secrets to be discovered about several pods of largest animals ever to walk the earth, the if our blood is read. Why do you have a question about science . Send it to us as a video text, a voice message. If we onto it on the show, well send you a little surprised as a thank you to come on just on the now back to the descendants of the dinosaurs. But during mating season, many males struck their stuff and tried to impress the opposite sex. In many species, males even need to show potential pauses. Fair enough. Next, many birds favorite dense undergrowth. Will they breeding grounds . While others b, c, 6 fell to in hatches . Its safe place to raise young that catches called in to the we deal with often pay that much attention. But these plans are actually very useful. Hinges, protect us from noise and dust, and from the prying eyes of our neighbors. But thats not all. A new study shows the bushes and trumps also provide a secret weapons and climate protection hitches are multi functional. And there are fantastic carbons stores eyes. They store just as much of carbon in their bio mass and in the soil per square meter. As far as im doing that many times withheld from a chain. So for searchers from the tune and institute in northern germany are collecting samples from various types of hedge to study how efficient they are as carbon stores. Data of this kind has never been collected before that they were surprised by the results having hedgerows and farm land provides exceptional climate protection in terms of carbon storage. The only thing better is marshland end of your massa carpet and stored in the bio mass of the head. So in the twigs branches in roots, okay. And in the soil, under the hedge fund that thats carbon that comes from the atmosphere, a c o 2 via so the hedge who is contributing towards crime and protection i do, i see mess of biplane, a newly planted hedge of 720 meters can store the same amount of c o 2, that an average person in germany produces in 10 years. But in the last 70 years, almost half of all hedgerows have been removed. So the bigger Agricultural Machinery can be used. This has resulted in empty landscapes and mono cultures of the toes. And if im to meet the logic, thousands of kilometers of heads rows from the countryside. If you look at the land today thats used for intensive farming, everything was wide open, or there were no dividing lines anymore and you know, strips of grass ghosts and whats missing. Most of all are hedge roads here in the hiccups, along with the use of pesticides on the fields, the lack of structures on farmland is one of the main reasons that species are becoming extinct. Current studies have shown this job showing thursday. If i just dont taking the test, i the destruction of hedge row. So theres a way to the loss of many different types of plants that grow along the borders. Ive been funded, but also many, many species of animals from insects to reptiles to be im phoebe, in the sense lizard, for example. And them should be on site the common toad that seek shelter in hedges food. But it also affects birds and the highest of the malls and mammals, like the door mouse and rely on plants like hawthorn and hazelnut bushes for food and hospital styles. Its now squint lago, hedgerows. Dont just provide food and shelter, which is especially important for endangered species. They also create car doors that connect the various bio tops that are spread across the land. The field. Another of the species are dying out, i guess because they cant connect with other members anymore. Theres no Genetic Exchange and the individual populations are becoming too small. And the hedge rows provide a link between the various populations, various islands, and even they were good examples of areas that do have lots of hedge rows. And when you look inside the hedges and you see that theres so much more lives there just, ill be using this manual says, hedge rose and den would provide a specially valuable habitats for insects and other useful creatures. Hedges also protect the soil. When they grow, less water evaporates, and the wind speed drops so less filial blows away. Blanket slide down the line for the good clout pickney still knew of i for a long time. Farmers used to think hedges were just a bit of a nuisance. And just because they have to drive the machinery around the line for the scenes, they put lots of farmers are starting to see that they actually need hedges, especially during the dry spells like a dry summer landfill with the materials and they have a cooling effect. And they store water, so farmers actually get better use if they have hedge roskus feeding all 50. I take it deadlines, which has boots in, is researchers from austria have taken a closer look at how much the yield increases by planting hedges. They discovered that an 8 meter high hedge has an impact on the 80 meters, a problem next to us. The yield of winter weight increases by 9. 5 percent. And sunflower yields increased by almost 24 percent so they might not look much. But these plans harness a multitude of benefits whether theyre in a field or in your own garden hedges are great for the environment. They store seo to provide shade and even decoration patches can also attract animals. If you choose the right ones, the native wild shrubs are best for that. Especially ones that bear fruit are such as elderberry and Central Europe or common barberry. And cornelia and cherry. They can transform ornamental gardens into useful ones. Theyre not only good for the soul, but also for the environment we live in the thats it for this edition of tomorrow today, d w science program. Thanks for watching and see you next time. Until then stay curious by the, [000 00 00;00] the shift your guide to life and it did to, to you know, the latest online trend to navigate your way through the digital jungle global perspective. Well be your guide and show you whats possible. You decide what really message to you shift in 15 minutes on the w p. Go ask because a resolution is happening on the fields of rwanda. Thanks to an electric tractor thats set to modernize agriculture. The should be easy to operate on. The other thing is this, when it is simple, its easy to maintain and to reach. The initial task are already underway. How does the new tractor measure up, the co advocate in such a minutes, on the dw, the image is freedom of the online young north koreans fled to south korea, where they realize their dreams of becoming social media. To detect is reported, a man lives under kim john, but then they disappeared without warning. Need to reach to us as a north korean propaganda video was happens from north korea, which love starts october 25th on d, w. The we did the urgent life saving boxes. We give our ever seen to reach those who need us the most. Every folks seating their futures, the house of life savings. We fearlessly tentative not just next day, but every day. Thousands of children still waiting for that in the sponsor of books today. So together we can deliver futures, the. This is the, the news live from the in the us. President joe biden tells israel that any move to reapply. Garza would be a close, big mistake. The warning comes as israel masses troops some time from the florida in preparation for a ground offensive. Also coming up israel steps as strikes on garza with palestinian, saying the building over night was the heaviest. Some attacks began last week