successful covert vaccination programs in the world so far. so i'm claire richardson welcome to the show the british royal family has responded to the bombshell interview given by prince harry and his wife making a markle and a statement to the queen said she takes their allegations of racism seriously millions of people have now watched the couple explained their reasons for stepping back from their royal duties last year they say they were left with little choice because of the behavior of the british media and the royal family. in buckingham palace broke it silence on the tell all interview a statement issued on behalf of the queen reads the whole family is saddened to learn the full extent of her challenging the last few years have been for her in macon the issues raised particularly that of race are concerning while some recollections may very very taken very seriously and will be addressed by the family privately. the accusations that make and marco experienced racism after she joined the royal family have set off a heated debate in britain. it's a disgrace to be. militia the cittie differently because of the color of their skin aren't being. cheered such or on it if they are and. can truthfully know how true friends are for anyone on the set apart by. pop and i often write each with bullied. it was someone different in the royal family being makes race heritage myself. and all along. of our community black and indifferent so i'm not actually surprised about the interview on how the the truth was told and i think it was a long time coming allegations of racism towards macon are not new prince harry said in the interview that racist coverage from the tabloid press was a large part of why he in macon left the u.k. and moved to the us. the interview has ensured the couple are back on all the front pages but they say they wanted to share their side of the story. earlier i spoke to did up in charlotte charles and phil in london and i asked her whether all of this is going to do serious damage to support for the monarchy among the british public. yeah well you have to bear in mind that public opinion in the u.k. is split about the royal family and that is very clear from the polling that you've seen that's come out since that interview add in fact the majority of the general public feel more sympathetic with the royal family than they do for obama than they do for meg and harry which is it extremely interesting given the nature of that interview i think there are some people who really found it left a fan taste in their mouths not only the way that the megan and harry the sussex is left the world family but the nature of this interview the way it was conducted the fact that it was done while grandfather was in hospital for example is something that a lot of people have talked about what is interesting though is that young people seem to have more sympathy in the u.k. for macon harry than older people this is that 1st taste of a drama family drama old this nature i mean a lot of the older generation myself i would include in this remember what happened with princess diana with with harry's mother and the scandal that then on sold it in the way that the world family had to really look at the way that it managed conducts itself remains to be seen now whether the reverberations like that will be felt for years to come off of this and and awakening for the younger generation charlotte tells them fill in a london thank you very much for that update. well the united states has stepped up its condemnation of the situation in man maher saying it's quote repulsed by the ongoing use of lethal force against protesters 2 officials from the overthrown and l d party have died in police custody since monday there are also been new raids targeting independent journalists but each day the protesters to show the sacrifices they are prepared to make for a return to democracy. a moment of peaceful defiance sister and rosa new tongue knelt in front of riot police in her hometown in myanmar's north saying she was prepared to die to save protesters. but minutes later protests turned violent as police attempted to disperse crowds protesting has become increasingly dangerous as police and soldiers have used tear gas rubber bullets and live rounds on crowds . last night in yangon residents to fight an 8 pm curfew taking to the streets to show solidarity with hundreds of protesters trapped by authorities police fired stun grenades at the gathering supporters finally the trapped protesters were allowed to lave. when the sun rose protesters marched once again in mandalay they carried makeshift shields but stayed for only a few minutes a change in tactics to avoid another violent reaction from the other she's. more of the way they are but at night we couldn't sleep actually we don't want to go out but we're going out anyway. so we've been going out for 22 days and we haven't arrested yet we're going out every day we keep fighting for the fallen heroes we will fight until we win. the military also attempted to suppress the spread of information revoking licenses for media outlets and detaining journalists from that there were military. targets year progresses to out but we managed to report back on satellite and on social media. about that we already got 2 journalists arrested at you know one in may 1 in just now you know that. has got arrested again most recently. protesters say they will continue to gather across the country daily acts of defiance in the face of mounting risks to their lives and freedom and for more i am joined now by an activist in myanmar 2nd biggest city mandalay we will refer to just as david for security reasons so dave that since the coup over a month ago security forces have become increasingly violent in their response to demonstrations is that affecting the way that you and others are protesting. i cannot say but it doesn't affect us but it affects us in a way not to back off but to change tactics and switch how we express ourselves right now we are exercising you know avoid and recount their tactic work which is basically when the come to practice we would. disperse a little bit and reconsider at a different place at the city and especially in mendeley we have a lot of bikes so we can do that quite easily and it's been 2 days that there hasn't been any you know major crackdown happened. so it's quite obvious that our tech to so far is working because we mobilize our protest pretty quickly and we have our own people looking out for their police vehicles which we girls are heading all if we and we communicate with each other to disperse quite quickly now aside from the protesting what other kinds of resistance are you putting up as activists against the military junta. i think the protesting is basically or mainly made to raise awareness on international platform but the main thing that the military or states are sponsored terrorists are afraid of is their civil disobedience movement which is which can potentially shut down the whole mechanism off the government so that's one way which is we are urging the government stop going to work we are arranging different places for them to stay we are raising funds to support their living and so far we can you know confidently say that it is working and that's why we see their frustrations on protestors and the other ways that we can we are doing now to repel the military government is how we stop paying taxes and many shops and restaurants also agree not to pay taxes and we also are you know gathering information as we are we are collecting photographic evidence to send them to international platforms and we also have various teams who . you know strategically tackle social media channels of the military government so those are the a few things that we have been working on david an activist in mandalay thank you so much for coming on the show. let's get you up to speed now on some other stories making headlines at this hour greece's prime minister has condemned the protesters who attacked a police station with petrol bombs in the capital athens the violence erupted after thousands of people turned out to demonstrate against a video of a police officer beating a man over the weekend authorities are investigating the use of force in the video . sudan has started rolling out vaccinations against covert 19 health staff in the capital khartoum received the 1st shots today and received its 1st batch of the astra zeneca vaccine last week through the world health organizations a vaccine sharing program kovacs. but she lay was hit badly by the pandemic last year with infection rates counting among the highest in the world and the president's popularity plummeting fast forward to 2021 and now she is bearing the fruits of a well planned vaccination strategy that's down to the government's efforts to secure doses long before any vaccine is approved shots are also easy to access with many different public spaces being used for the roll out. a quick. temperature check and a hand disinfection then into the vaccination center in this school and some tiago know in person classes are taking place so 50 to 60 year olds are getting their 1st vaccinations i was here a few of the sixty's also wander in the last ones receiving their followup doses good to see soon the whole process is working really well. gillian efficiency could be the reason we have x. 1000 people foster than in other countries. and if you. kill a house of vaccinated a great percentage of its population then most of the countries in the world the government made vaccine deals with a number of different. drug firms early last year here the beyond tech pfizer vaccine developed in germany and china a sign of that fact seen are available the under the government didn't just buy enough vaccine doses early on but it also involved the health sector early to even before the vaccines arrived we have received detailed inoculation plans and information i'm going to assume that if you it's not just schools that are serving as vaccination centers but parks too there's very little red tape and that's another reason for the vaccination success more than one in 5 have received at least their 1st. 2028 was the year of fear 2021 will be the year of. when the pandemic began the government's response was chaotic strict lockdowns came too late and when they did many people were forced to rely on food donations from charities. coronavirus cases sold among poor children. and in some neighborhoods residents protested against quarantine orders now chile's vaccination campaign is going so well it has given away tens of thousands of doses to poor of neighboring countries. that we are among the world leaders in terms of vaccinations at least that some good news after all the bad were that there were no group worker program we were the 80 percent of the population and should be vaccinated by june. and before we go and an authorized art exhibition is opening and you know featuring works of the most an authorized artist of all banksy more than a 100 reproductions of the street artists works and some originals are on display in munich a base curator gathered what he calls the most extensive collection of the artist's works in one place they cleared some of banksy the most recognizable creations such as girl with but then. that's all for me for now terry martin will be back with you with more news headlines in just 45 minutes time until then as always more of our website at the dot com and kyra should send him by lynn for me in the whole team extracting. more than half the world will be living with limited water resources we haven't had to think about our war i think that your is over it's a financial product like any other financial the world is changing the most important commodity today is called the free trade. or necessity or commodity starts march 22nd on d w. 'd this is the story of a world whose borders and territories were drawn by the slave trade where violence subjugation and profit imposed their own roots slavery did not begin in the cotton fields of the u.s. it is a far more ancient tragedy that has been going on since the dawn of humanity from the 8th century onwards for over 1000 years africa was the epicenter of a global form of human trafficking. my parents were abused by those with a threat complection. songhai for lani. bantu iqbal. over 20000000 africans were deported traded and reduced to slavery this criminal system shaped our history and our world so expansive was its reach that for a long time it seemed impossible to fully explain its mechanisms. in this series we will journey back along the roots of the slave trade. the thing about the slave trade a key thing about the slave trade and i always would have to explain a store merican students who immediately would want to put it into a kind of an ethical human rights card of a contract you have to look at in economic terms and so if you have if you're talking about a slave trade if so where is the demand where is there a demand for labor and what is the nature of that demand for money for. 2000 years ago slavery became an integral feature of the roman empire eventually in 476 rome collapsed under the pressure of invasions by so-called barbarians. scattered territories a range of peoples and powers fought over the empires remains this a gough's and ostrogoths in the west slavs in the north east berbers in the south the byzantine empire the kingdom of new bia and arab tribes in the east just like rome before them these societies also practiced slavery. in every society we see slavery and it doesn't matter where they come from but come from everywhere from the steps. to to russia to a ball of eastern europe all through the slavic countries which is where of course the word for soya them and most of the european languages comes from a comes from the words of. those were people that. concept from 0 were rediscovered this for a long time most of slaves were white the majority of slaves being black is a relatively recent phenomenon in history. so how did a widespread practice evolve into an enormous trade which progressively focused its sights on the african continent. one of the starting points of this story is cairo on the river nile a 23000000 strong megalopolis born from the network of trade routes between the middle east and africa. today it's the continent's most important crossroads for people and goods. south of the modern city are the ruins of tot the 1st arab city in egypt. these remains are a neglected site and yet this is where the destinies of africa the middle east and the mediterranean converged some 1400 years ago. in $641.00 a game changing event would occur with their vast conquest campaign underway the arab armies established a junction between africa and the middle east their expansion into egypt would change the continent's entire economy and intensify the demand for slaves. was crucial to the concourses self and it was crucial to d. systems of these empire and its expansion from the concourses self captives where turned into slaves and those slaves were recruited in da to me that conquered basically the world at that time. it was 1st and foremost a trade with economic and political stakes. were the essential source of energy. back then there was no oil. they were in effect the driving force behind these emerging empires. arab troops pressed ahead as far as. the christian lands of. their arabs found provisions. they would enlist in their armies to pursue their expansion in $769.00 they signed a pact with the. change for 300. year. through it. was related to. which was. in the beginning it wasn't a trade. it was spoils of war. the conquest was swift in less than a century the arabs had occupied the mediterranean southern. border was taking shape separating the muslim world from the land. in libya and the desert region the arabs imposed the same conditions they had established in. these agreements to organize the 1st deportations from africa the middle east tired. their way towards new center baghdad. the illustrated my come on manuscripts short tales taken from arabic literature show how these 1st african slaves intermingled with muslim society. after 2 centuries of military conquest the demand for slaves evolved in the 9th century the embassy dynasty embarked on a monumental project to transform the swamps around basra into lush more churchs instead of soldiers baghdad now needed workers to cultivate the iraqi soil to do so the empire brought in thousands of slaves. on some sides there were between 505000 workers. and there was considerable turnover because in such conditions their working life barely went beyond 10 to 15 years. it required a lot of hard labor to remove the salt in order to get to. as well as the gate for this one they needed lots. and they began to import. slaves for the from all over. where do the muslim arabs go to get slaves out of principle they pick non muslim slaves from another culture and outside the empire. color wasn't the basis for slavery culture was the slaves weren't part of the dominant culture. in the 9th century the arabs extended their trade networks from the entire mediterranean to the caucasus turkey the balkans and russia. from the horn of africa entire boat loads of ethiopian and new 1000000000 captives were sailed up the nile. even further out from the high plateaus of somalia and tanzania successive waves of slaves referred to as sons streamed into mesopotamia via the indian ocean appears to be apportioned ward. meant bleck and when slaves began to be brought in large numbers. of what is now your rock. there were proportionately so many. of course that the lines you began to be used as a name to mean slaves in general. little by little the number of slaves grew and became so high that rebellions broke out among the banks of the euphrates and the tigris in 1969 the senate took up arms and raised an army numbering tens of thousands of men. heading the insurrection was. a former high dignitary of the of a seat caliphate. what we know about that revolt is that many of the protests about perhaps most of them were not actually african or weren't there were some newbie ins the most important leader of the revolt was. someone who is an arab whose mother had been an indian concubine so it's gives you a sense of how complicated the the demography was. was quite a learned man but he began to be dissatisfied with the regime and when he went to basra he found that there were a lot of slaves there walking on these front began to actually do investigation and found that their life conditions of the slaves were very very bad there was so much this that section among them that they have the most rebellious group the ones who could. have revolution there's kind of a subtle because it was that slavery which lasted for about over a decade it was so disruptive it seems to have been one of the contributing factors to a kind of a shrinking of trading in the india western indian ocean. the regimes armies were deployed to brutally put down the rebellion between 500001 1000000 slaves were massacred in mesopotamia this sense revolt ended in a bloodbath. despite its failure the uprising precipitated the decline of baghdad in favor of another city cairo the empire's new capital. in the 10th century cairo was the mediterranean greatest trading hub far ahead of venice and constantinople the empires center of gravity had shifted towards africa. this new geopolitical situation had far reaching consequences from then on this slavery routes turned toward africa. the customs changed as did the slaves position in society. slaves and egypt were reflected the wealth of cairo and so we find slaves in all levels of society to find slaves as as concubines to the caleb's as elite corners ins and entertainers but probably the largest number of slaves were in the