Behind the music. Before the british cars, beethovens 9th symphony for the world starts to tsunamis, g. W. Since the beginning of the pandemic, numbers are playing an even larger role in our day to day lives. Which is better standing 1. 5 meters apart or 2 meters. What exactly is the . All right, do i have enough masks . And how no, can i wear one for numbers in form, Decision Making . How many kids can be safely in one classroom . Or how many people should i be allowed to make twists . Between new and changing numbers coming to us every day. Whats important and how do you keep your head from spending but so many statistics associated with a coronavirus pandemic is imposable to give on top of them all or even to understand them. Well, if all of these numbers leaving, you know, allow us to help you out by explaining a few of the key ones. The 7 day incidence indicates how many people tested positive within one week measured per 100000 inhabitants. For example, lets assume a city with 129000 inhabitants has this number of positive tests. In one week. We add up all the positive test results and then the 7 day incidence is calculated 48 times 100000 divided 5121000 inhabitants giving an incidence of 37. 2 can also the number allows you to ascertain the current infection rate, or in other words, how many people are currently infected in a region, and since it refers to 100000 inhabitants, one can also say, so to speak, what the percentage of new infections is of value is considered problematic for a region. Once it becomes difficult to identify all contacts an infected person has had in germany. That is a 7 day incidents above 50 the effective reproduction rate are, describes the average number of people an infected person, passes the virus on to in r. Value of 2 means that one infected person passes the disease to 2 others. Meaning the virus spreads exponentially. If the effective reproduction number is less than one, the number of new infections decreases. Or you can talk incidents, you know, out of the 7 day incidents offers in initial estimate. The reproduction rate gives you an idea of the dynamics, how quickly the infection is currently spreading. From one person to the next to meet the case fatality rate indicates how many people who tested positive die from or with the virus. If for example one out of 10 people die is the case fatality rate is 10 percent. If we take a look at the latest case fatality rates from different countries, we see a very inconsistent picture with the world average hovering around a case fatality rate of 2. 4. If the number is important for considering how threatening the infection is for an individual patient, but it also has notable problems on the one hand, the number of unreported cases is very important. And the number of undetected cases also depends on how much testing is going on. In other words, you might get a distorted picture if you test very much or very little. If you look as if you need to test. And thats the problem with many of the key statistics. Depending on your test capacity, the figures change. Never the less the measurements provide valuable information with doctors get in short, its about relative changes. And you can see those quite well in these figures. And the goal remains the same all through the pandemic super event Health Care Systems from becoming overburdened lets speak to maria bobber also, who is a mathematician of the frank that institute for advanced studies. Thanks for joining us, maria. So many numbers, too many for anyone to really keep across. So can you help us out here . Is that one number that we should be paying more attention to than all the others . Well, there are really many numbers concerning independent make and care have been many coming across during the months. We are currently paying very much attention to numbers which indicate disagree. Disease like hospitalization, and i see a requirement. So people who are in severe conditions because of disease disease and does are numbers to us, which inform us a bit more about this a very key and health care requirement. Roger did only numbers concerning the detection, so like seventys incidents or our t. Number. So you say thats what youre currently focusing on is the number thats most important change over time. This, this change, of course, we have been tracking them sensually since the beginning of dependent because it became quite clear to dizzy disease that require or might have a seeing severe course and hand up in deaths or require us because asian and health care and does is of course, an indicator which, which is not stable depends very much on, on the Health Care Capacity of the country. But i believe its less effective for a tracking capacity is or testing the t. V. Team in the country. So we have all these numbers the on a murder, 7 day incidences and stuff to the general public need to be across these numbers. I can understand why governments Decision Makers by means of people. What about i, can we just stay at home and do is were told without getting caught up in the thickens. Well i guess its probably the 1st time, at least since im aware of. And as surely the 1st time to people became so informed about the meaning of the production number were even 7. These instances were any disease does. Numbers are reported for a number of diseases, but usually are kept in, in control systems in health care facilities. So people who are working wouldnt, so now if they went into a community and i guess it was because of making people aware or making people aware of this, a very dependent make of the weight spreads. But of course, and then the number of the numbers that we get or the more number steadily gets destroyed, can make people more confused. A mites not know what they are looking at. Its there are some indicators like overproduction number or which we should not like temperature measurement. Its depends on under cases that are reported. And this are in case of cold feet for sure or not all cases which we have out there. You know, i suppose misunderstanding the numbers could cause more problems than not knowing the material and have marie above or also thank you so much for bringing us your expertise from the front that institute for advanced studies. Thank you very much. Now is the pasta. The program where you get to ask the questions, youve been submitting them through our you tube channel. So now lets put one of them to ask science correspondent darrent williams. Should people who have already had coded 1000 continue to wear masks . I answered this question a few months ago and the guidelines havent really changed, but it gets sent in so often that i guess its, its maybe time for a reminder. The short answer is that a lot of aspects of covert 19 immunity are still pretty hazy because people simply havent been recovering from it long enough to provide solid, long term data. Based on what weve seen so far with the disease. People who get infected once do acquire some immunity for a period of time. The big problem is, we still dont really know how long on average that period is. So for some framework, it makes sense to look at what we know about other corona viruses that infect humans and, and studies there, have revealed that immunity can wane pretty swiftly. A number of them convincingly show people can be really infected with some of those pathogens within a year of catching the ones. So far, there have been a few dozen documented cases of that also happening with coke at 19. But as, as proving reinfection is quite a complex challenge, the real numbers are almost certainly higher. And some of the documented cases, the people who got it again showed no symptoms the 2nd time around but, but in others, they got the disease worse. And we still dont know whether they were infectious to others. So until we have better data guidelines from Health Authorities like the c. D. C. Recommends that you continue to wear a mask, especially in indoor public spaces until we have more information. You should assume that masking up is still an effective way to protect not only others, but yourself, even if you had to have it 19 once and recovered from it. And you can submit a question for derek through you tube channel deja news. Now i know weve already thrown a lot of numbers in todays program, but bear with us here. We have just a couple of more for you because with the vaccine production starting up around the world, if we asked you to us are media channels. If you would take a job against 19 say are the results, the largest proportion over 40 percent said theyd rather wait and see before taking a vaccine. So 88 percent said they offer pads to take the vaccine and around 16 percent said they would not be willing to get immunized against covered 90. That was a bad as mentioning that i wrote to just say, immunization is the only way to get a grip on the coronavirus pandemic. But it seems there is still a fair bit of skepticism around the vaccines weve seen developed in recent months. Well, thats all from this edition of the comet 19 special for the latest developments on the corona virus pandemic. Go to our website, d. W. Dot com slash call it 19 until next time. Take at least a healthy in science rather than fiction for a long time. An automatic facial recognition. Cameras everywhere have the same as scientists identify us in seconds. From our face features the Software Comes from interesting. For example, its developer show us the potential of the technology to see tomorrow, to see next on the job, which is not too great on the move between the enemy. North star tenor jonas kaufmann, even in coronavirus times, it is not easy to catch dog reach the artists are trying to keep the marriage to you dont, you will take good care of. You may suggest that it was a fever, took hold on the west coast of gaza in 2007 and sisters made big promises. But years later, reality looks very different letters and shows good Drinking Water shortage high unemployment. Up until god knows the dream of black gold to come up. Oil starts december 4th on d. W. Did you know that even bees are being factory font, but fortunately, theyre 10 attempts and we look at the dilemma of facial recognition. Whats more important, Public Safety, personal privacy, and is the world going from bad to worse . Not really. But why is our brain so sensitive to bad news that and more coming up tomorrow today, the science show on d. W. Whether by smoke signals, by pony express or with optical devices, people have always felt the need to communicate over long distances, picturing so often used to carry messages to far away places. With the invention of the telegraph, the world began to be connected with electrical. Soon everyone had a receiver today information continues to flow at an ever faster rate. And it seems as though bad news travels fast and how does that affect the way we react to the news and work role does the media itself play india, a Record Number of new coronavirus cases on sunday. Hundreds of elephants being described as nonstop. Bad news is the world really in such a thoroughly terrible state for countries in the region. With, of course, the current coronavirus pandemic is indeed an extraordinary global crisis. But if you take a longer term view, you see there have been many positive trends. Infant mortality has never been lower and the number of People Killed in natural disasters has been averaging downwards. On top. Still, we often get the impression things are just getting worse and worse, myself included. Even though as a journalist, i dont just consume news, but i also help shape it. That why are we more sensitive to bad news . Doesnt have something to do with the brain. Im on my way to see a neuroscientist martin. She has researched precisely these questions. At him for me because the brain processes negative news faster, better and more intensively than positive or neutral news on to us. We also remember it better if the same turns of evolutionary biology and processing negative information better than positive information has been helpful because in the age of the saber check, tiger and woolly mammoth, missing a piece of bad news might well mean thats it for you. How studies have shown the test subjects from different parts of the world became more excited and occurred as soon as they were shown. Bad news, regardless of their location and culture. Many Media Outlets use this effect to their advantage. Negative headlines sell more copies and get more clicks. Studies show that the media are publishing more and more. That news, especially on line, is going to how is it a problem . If the media revel in bad news, and absolutely its worst and foremost, it makes us all have negative expectations. So we go through life with the worldview in which we assume the world is worse than it really is. Left us, i to say his trust was the impact of media reports can be extremely strong. Take the Boston Marathon bomb attack in 2013, for example, some people who followed the news obsessive for more stressed and frightened than others who had been physically present. So what does this mean . Just elsas, as my 1st of all, it makes people less likely to take action. You might think the realization that we all have a worldview thats too negative, would actually prompt people to become more active. But many psychological studies have shown that that is precisely not the case. Whats more, it can promote chronic stress. We know that chronic stress can be a factor in many diseases. Including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Mental Illnesses such as depression, be depressed, or one of the coronavirus pandemic is a good example. After months of bad news, many people have grown weary of the crisis. They feel helpless and wish things would go back to normal. As a journalist, i have to consider whether i might be contributing to other people having a misguided view of the world. What can the media do better . Journalists could ask themselves, what now fast, in addition to the usual who, what, where, when, why, and they could pursue the matter further. Do more research and focusing on what can we do about it . Of course, its still important to describe a problem, but then go on to talk about possible solutions. Ask people for their ideas, always keeping in mind the question. How can we solve the problem . And inspired by her research, modern perspective daily, a constructive online magazine, which compliments news stories with ideas for solutions. But its not just Media Outlets that could or should change. We can all do something good for ourselves and our brain. And you dont have to reach for your phone or turn on the t. V. Or radio. As soon as he wake up, you dont have to consume information nonstop. And we can be more discerning in our use of the media helped reflect your top. It is also a good idea to choose media that are trustworthy and present the news in a responsible and sober manner as a for the sake of your brain and your well being accessed the news wisely. And you can also simply take a break from it all. Go take a break and just turn off for a while. Sounds good, right . We asked you what you needed to take your mind off too much bad means robinson from columbia doesnt want to read or watch any more bad news. His way of keeping his Mental Health ensuring quality is to try to be indifferent to it all. For rosie from costa rica burying your head in the sand like an ostrich is not an option. She says its better to face reality to be empathetic and help others and enjoy distract himself with nice things, watching series of films, reading books, but not too many newspapers and going outside for some fresh air to clear his head. Leering your head. Thats what these people are buying to do at the space out competition in south korea. As contestants work on zoning out, their pulse is monitored. If its too fast, theyre just not sure enough. Noise from mexico sent in a question about that. Why are people lazy doing nothing relaxing . Taking it easy. What cant . Those lazy is hard to define. But historically, people seen as lazy or frowned upon in europe at least in attitude stems from the protestant work ethic that took root in the 8 century. In the ancient world, in contrast, exertion was scorned. Philosophizing was seen as a noble cross to be pursued at leisure, a perfect excuse to be lazy. In other words, extreme laziness can be harmful even to your health. But now and then its good to kick back it gives us time to regenerate on top of things. In fact, Scientific Research suggests that lazy people are more intelligent. They enjoy spending time long skin force. Other people get bored quickly. Anything, stimulation of activity. And innovation has often been driven by a desire to avoid at 1st coming out soon as inventive the worlds 1st programmable computer. Because by his own admission, he was too lazy for arithmetic. Maracana testers didnt always feel like hunting and gathering. They would put it off until the next day and spend their time developing new tools and strategies instead. This improve their chances of survival. According to researchers, theres a genetic predisposition to progress to nation and laziness. Its to do with a gene that helps regulate the production of dopamine, which plays a role in brain processes such as attention, memory, and motivation. Laziness seems to be an ace, and not just in humans. The problem is red wine. I am very glad to meet you, but if you have a science question thats been bothering you, send it in as a video. Text oh voicemail. If you look at it, if we answer it on the show, youll get a little surprise as a thank you. Come on, you just ask if you find us on our website didnt we dot com slash science or look for us on twitter at d, w underscore site tech. Many mobile phones already come equipped with cameras with built in face recognition. And special Recognition Technology is, or if our team can help Police Identify criminals and so contribute to Public Safety even. But what about a surveillance camera with f, a r t that scans the faces in the shop, finds the associates a profile on social media and sends out personalized ads. Thats not yet reality, but its not far off. Like so many things that just a short while ago sounded like science fiction. This is the year 2054 as in visioned in the movie minority report. Its not a pleasant scene. Tom cruise is on the run, but he gets recognized wherever he goes. The film dates from 2002, but the mass surveillance it conjured up is already a reality. In many places. China has hundreds of millions of surveillance cameras, many of them with facial recognition software. The state wants to know what its citizens are up to. And in germany at airports, faces a scanned and compared with the biometric data stored in the passport chip to determine whether you want really you. The technology was developed by the company, a tech company in dresden, germany. Its a major player in Artificial Intelligence powered facial recognition. Its products are used in automated check ins and Border Control systems, as well as Video Surveillance by security agencies. It is often hard to ask if s. The software 1st looks at its points on the face. The distance between the eyes, the distance from the nose to the corners of the mouth, and the features of the surface of the face. The bumps and hollows. When i was do you think all the data together, the profile of each face . With the help of such a digital profile, the software can distinguish whether the corresponding person is standing in front of the camera or if its just a photo. So it cant be tricked. Its smart and its getting smarter. Even if it only gets to see part of a face, it can work out if the person passport belong together or not. By comparing what it seems to photos, it already has it takes just a few seconds to compare surveillance camera footage with vast databases. The accuracy is said to be high in 100 percent accuracy will never be attained. But in the industry, the advances of the past 5 years have been dubbed the facial recognition revolution. You can always because accuracy has improved so dramatically. The systems are now very, very reliable. And how reliable in 2017 tests with volunteers in violin yielded success rates of 70 to 80 percent depending on the software. Thats good enough for us to consider installing such systems. So are we going to be at the mercy of the state as it deploys mass surveillance and imperfect facial Recognition Technology . I. T. Experts in generalist mark, a speck of doubt, warns of the dangers invisible to have always following the problem is many people dont really want to think about these Technological Developments at the same time. Surveillance tends to be relatively to screen, which is to say, we dont necessarily see whats going on this bus stop lawyer 1st. Thats dangerous, because it will lead to ever more surveillance if it doesnt meet with any resistance in society. And thats not all. Theres now emotion recognition and analysis to a Software Program thats able to deduce a persons emotional state based on their facial expressions. The feelings complex and how that reflected in our expressions is not straightforward. Either. Scientists at the found Health Institute in atlanta are using Artificial Intelligence to develop and improve such software. But do happy, sad, surprised, or angry faces the same in all cultures. And various aspects of the face correspond to emotions, movements of facial muscles, happy, sad, angry, and so on. And their understood in most cultures what we humans see in facial expressions, we can teach software to see as well for the very, very high degree of accuracy. The team in allegan is using photos of very clear facial expressions to help train the software. But what is the point of having it identify emotions at present and in real time . And the typical application for emotion recognition would be in the context of human machine interaction. And on this project, we have one interesting project teaching the robot to help autistic children learn to interpret social signals. And facial expressions acknowledges it. In another areas, cars are recognizing the state drivers are in whether theyre distracted or feeling stressed well before that sounds pretty homeless. These technologies could however, also be used to monitor people to manipulate them. Thats one reason why its so important to understand the technology and its possible applications, which also notice that we can only do that if we take control of the stop short of comms to mr. Nutritionists the team in atlanta and say that their emotion recognition system is not currently used anywhere in mass surveillance. But that could change. Facial recognition has already revolutionized mass surveillance. Says these technologies could transform our societies conform. We are going to become more conformist and less free in our behavior because in the back of our mind would always be worrying about being observed. So smile, to try to use these voters against us is this is really happening in china. The good one voice. I hope we never end up in a state like that here in germany. So i should leave a vacuum. China has already developed a vast surveillance infrastructure and uses it to monitor each individual. The aim is to maintain control. Reality has caught up with hollywood, even if he wasnt famous, tom cruise would have a hard time eluding detection. Today, in the real world, please. Lets stay in china for a moment where another dystopic vision of the future has already become reality. In some regions, fruit trees have to be pollinated by hand because there are hardly any bees left. The colonies are being devastated by diseases crowding them in hives like this may make them more vulnerable. If these natural nests look quite different. Moses martin rose and Antonio Gurley actual run a project called the embassy and they are there to be ambassadors. Their mission is to create natural style homes for wild honey bees. Out in the woods here, theyre installing one of their log hives. Its a hollowed out section. Of a tree trunk, honeybees natural habitat isnt woodland. You didnt want to be in wild honey bees are no words. Look for cavities and trees. Theyre often created by woodpeckers or for naturally, what weve done is create an artificial tree trunk. Its the perfect home, the bees look for the mother voted on not being a shower. They want to find out if there are any wild beast in these woods. And if they will take a liking to the new home they are being offered a. d naturally occurring tree cavities are becoming ever rarer in managed commercial forests. Trees with holes dont last long. Theyve attached their log hives 6 metres up the trunk of an o. T. Tree. They say these like the round shape and feel safe up there. Youre going to learn from the army being we have learnt to see with the eyes of a b. This is not about honey or any other products. Its about having resilient be kind of resistant to show off. And that means honeybees that can fight off parasites and diseases. An Alarming Number of managed colonies die prematurely, girlie actually became a beekeeper in 2012, but soon became dissatisfied with standard modern methods. We learned about honey hunting, a practice common in the middle ages that involved making nests by cutting holes in tree trunks. He decided to adopt and update the technique. He found that bees did much better in such nests than in standard artificial hives. The question is, why standard box hives have been in use for a century and a half. They can be stacked and the of habitants of each one yield up to 50 kilograms of honey. But other bees happy. Another experiment is underway in the Botanical Garden in frankfurt. Train hives have been installed here too, and theyre equipped with a range of sensors. And rollers are collaborating with target shifa, a biologist, and the expert. Hes found that these round wooden hives offer bees a stable and pleasant climate. By contrast, the temperature in box nests varies a lot, and moisture can accumulate in the corners. And the beleaguered design being for a colony has to work 20000000 hours more just to maintain the right temperature. Or if we average it out, because there are 3 times as many bees in a hive as in a nest that still 7000000 hours extra work in the time in which they can do what bees naturally do. And i mean, you know, if theyre always carrying nectar and fermenting honey, they cant get on with grooming. And thats a lot of extra stress for peace and its not good for them. Another problem schiffer has identified is that box hives are too big, often 4 or more times the volume of a natural treat asked the honey super is so the top levels never fall of that makes the bees a slave to their strongest instinct stocking up to ensure Food Security bites of togs are tons of fun that weakens them and makes them more susceptible to parasites and disease. Many beekeepers lose a 3rd of their cars anees each winter. So how are these doing in this tree hive . Regular check ups are part of the experiment i found of a row of mice. Vero mites. Are the biggest parasitic threat to honey bees . Thats because it shell has been bitten. And sure enough, a look under the microscope confirms the bees evidently fought back and into the viral mite. You dont see that kind of behavior in box hives. Could be a cause. If you can hear that these can defend themselves. They need time to Spare Capacity to do so. But if theyre always in a panic about maintaining supplies, they cant fight off the might. Come in the tree hives, the bees share their home with a natural ally, the house pseudo scorpion torben. Schiffer is a great fan of these tiny scorpions have long maintained a symbiotic relationship with beast. They eat everything that can harm the bees, but dont hurt the bees themselves. Its a micro ecosystem that has been eradicated in conventional beekeeping. Complex schiffer says beekeepers should welcome how pseudo scorpions into their hives. All in all these live better lives in nests or log hives until you are also makes log hives that are suited to hopping beekeeping. The bottom section is home to various tiny creatures such as the household pseudo scorpion. The middle section is where the bees build their honeycomb and store their honey and the upper story conserve the beekeeper as a honey super. Where some extra honey for humans to harvest accumulates. There are no frames inside the bees build their homes as they see fit. The drawer lets you check for viral mites and the door provides access that you can harvest between up to 7 or 8 kilos of honey a year, but no more. And this is im with you and its about keeping bees in a way thats good for them. And not about honey, still in, the beekeeper can look forward to harvesting a little without harming the bees. You know, through the beneath you to want to scale up production of what they called natural habitat times back to the log hive in the forest. More than 2 months have passed have wild honey bees moved in and made themselves comfortable with this . Oh my goodness. They have built a huge honeycomb and they hate the colony. It turns out is made up of different species of be expanding. The gene pool can also enhance the resilience and adaptability of future generations and fall into this is an endorsement of our work. It also confirms the hypothesis that bees came from the forests. I want to go back there with a hidden one for ones own blood bar log hives amounts to a further argument in favor of keeping bees in, a way thats good for though id give it to being out on s. , the computer can be unified here. Bees can be they built everything by themselves, no input from us nic. If commercial beekeeping switched to these methods, there would be lots of happy b. S. , but wed likely have to pay more for our honey thats all for this week. Joining us again next time on tomorrow today for more from the world of science. So stay healthy. Stay curious. Hes monitoring on the move between north star 10 or even in corona virus times. It is not easy to guard him each day. Artists, lunas come from armstrong, coming up the fastest bed in the world drives 110 kilometers an hour. One needs it, but its a lot of fun says its inventor and builder. And remember, it gets things moving that ship and actually moving all the homes, various posts with his son via the lux business from the ghetto to parliament to come to blows. Bobby wallace popstars rails against coop shut, pilots, determined to cause discipline coming from a poor family loves to become president and the challenges of god doesnt claim to be an incredible story of bobby was awesome. Starts december 10th on g. W. The more like the pros who are using gold smolin. The room for we dont see the plumes through those data. We news and these are our top stories. Iran says one of its leading Nuclear Scientists has been assassinated. In fact, present day has long been suspected by the west and israel of masterminding, a secret Nuclear Weapons program. This car was reportedly ambushed by gunmen outside terror on iran is blaming israel for the attack. Israel has declined to comment on a federal Appeals Court has rejected an attempt by u. S. President donald trump