Conservative south korea. Choosing to become morticians. Welcome to do that you could join us. China launched a rocket today to the moon seeking to bring samples of new no rocks and dust back to the john 5 name for the ancient chinese moon goddess. Took off successfully from china. Its the 1st mission in 4 decades. And if successful, it would make china only the 3rd country to bring back samples from the morning after the u. S. And the former soviet union. And for more on this launch, im joined by mark mccall cohen, Senior Advisor for science, an exploration of the European Space agency. Mark, welcome rocks have been brought back from the moon before all. What is the scientific importance of this mission . Well, as you know, the Apollo Missions and also soviet Unmanned Missions brought back rocks in the sixtys and seventys. But the Chinese Mission is going is actually interesting. Its a much younger region of the moon than the Previous Missions have been to the top of a volcano, a very smooth, flat volcano, not a spike, but its much younger than those other regions. And so that will actually tell us something more about the more recent geological changes on the moon, and that will then be able to allow us to connect into what we have done with rocks from other places. So i think its fascinating that china has chosen to go to a new place wait with new science to do right from the outset, rather than perhaps going somewhat easy a way other people have been before. And china is, of course not the only nation sending missions to the moon that up plans being made in the United States as well. Why is that so much interest in the morn . Well, i think thats a good question and a lot of people see it as sort of going back to something we did 50 years ago. But we at the European Space agency with nasa, with roscoes and also the Russian Space agency. And in the wider sense we, china and other international partners. We see this is a stepping stone, partly to learning how to survive in space away from the earth. Weve been in the space station now for 20 years, but were protected there by the Magnetic Field of the earth. Going to the moon and learning how to operate in what we call the gateway a new small, the ocean of the space station where astronauts from the International Community will travel, including european astronauts. Then perhaps going back down to the surface, putting humans there. And maybe the middle of this decade, hes a stepping stones to something we want to do for a long time, which is actually go to mavs. And we need to learn from operating at the moon, sort of part of the distance away from the earth a little bit more like a campsite, rather than in just in the back garden is somewhere out in the wilderness before you set out on the big journey across an ocean and go somewhere completely novel. So its also that there are lots of private companies now involved in space flight in low earth orbit. And it seems right that the big agencies, the big civilian agency set their sights further afield. Right. Believe ever the timing with thanks so much for joining us, mark mclachlan. My pleasure. Now for china, this launch is the latest step in an ever expanding and ambitious Space Program that began in the sixtys. But its in the past 20 years that its seen a real acceleration. Chinas space ambitions have been growing for years. In 2003, china secured a major breakthrough when it became the 3rd country in the world to send a man into space. 10 years later, china hit another milestone successfully landing an unpiloted spacecraft on the moon. It was the 1st soft landing since the soviet Union Success in 1976. More chinese cheers in january 29th teen in a global 1st, a lunar probe. Touching down on the far side of the moon, boosting chinas space ambitions. Mars is also in chinas sights. This year, beijing launched an unmanned probe to the planet. In july, it put the final satellite into orbit for its chinese navigation system. The, countrys rival to us g. P. S. , but this Lunar Mission to bring back material from the moon is one of chinas most ambitious to date and one which beijing is determined will be another success. But what is the driving force behind chinas plans in space . And is it purely scientific . We put that question to bludgeon bowen an expert for space warfare and space policy at the university of so when we talk about chinas Space Program, its important to think of it. Exploration with a robotic or crude is maybe when program and many, many Space Programs in china. So i would separate scientific and civil exploration Space Program from the economic, commercial military and intelligence Space Programs as well. So are the moments now china has launched or has registered with and it states around 350. 00 plus satellites and they provide all sorts of essential services down on it for military and economic and infrastructural purposes. The Space Science and exploration, thats very much about stimulating high tech industry. Also as, as packing for techno nationalist purposes as well, which is not unique to china and sort of the propaganda and prestige, russian arms behind it as well, of demonstrating chinas high tech space capability. So any last Space Program has a lot of motivations behind it, but it is important i think, to separate the space station, which is fairly benign compared to the more military elements of chinas other parts of its space. Program. India getting matter to who you want isnt all restraint forward amongst the many factors that determine a future union is religion. Ive seen this myself, but marriage between a bride and groom of different religions is to front a pawn in many parts of india is specially so when it comes to marriage between a hindu and a muslim. The aversion is rooted instead of typical ideas and historic distrust between the communities. But more recently bias has been fanned by divisive national politics. They need to some a is an economics professor. She comes from an educated middle class family, but nevertheless, her parents were horrified 17 years ago when she announced she wanted to marry her husband tunde via benitos hindu temple is muslim. The struggle was in god when seeing them about who he was and in trying to raise the idea of a stereotypical muslim because our family and that includes me as well. We did not have many muslim fans, and we did not know many muslim people on social media like tanveer and they need to encounter hatred. Muslim men who marry hindu women are accused of waging a love jihad, a holy war of love. Insinuating the wedding as part of a strategy to islam is hindu women. The accusation is widespread. The family actually produced this society, so its a reproduction of the same family. So thats what people want. So in india, of course, there is a problem and see its an indian Jewelry Company experience this just recently in a commercial that showed a hindu pride being welcomed into her new family by him. Islam mother and all just 2 after the clip was radical hindus shared with the company with insults and called for a boycott. Of the jeweler withdrew the commercial to counter the problem. 5 indian journalists have now launched an initiative called the love project on instagram. Where happy into religious couples tell their stories. Some of the order couples who are mentioned on our project best stories is given by the children by their grandchildren are sometimes soft. That it makes you realize that that point of it wasnt acceptable at all, but there wasnt this kind of organized government opposition to it, tempi it, and they need to have also published their story on the love project. Their families have long since my piece with their marriage. Now they also want to help other couples. The reach is a little less, im not sure whether they will be able to impact a lot of people. But a good step in that, i bet it would be and they need to not getting that children a religious education. Theyve decided that children should make up their own minds about what to believe. In south korea, most general directors are men, but increasingly more women are taking up the role. And in doing so, they are not only breaking taboos, but also responding to a need from the market. Park program is a rarity in south korea. She works as a mortician, an industry traditionally reserved for the countrys men, but those traditions are gradually shifting. Park has come to learn the families of many young female victims prefer that she prepares their bodies which in the biggest cause of death among young people is suicide. Many of them are women and the bereaved families, especially when the death was due to suicide and the deceased is a woman, feel more comfortable if a female handles the body. South korea has the worlds highest suicide rates among developed countries. The tragic statistic has been brought into sharp focus after the recent deaths of prominent k. Pop artists such as suny from go band f. X. Thats helped break to blues with more women training to be morticians, determined to counter historic gender stereotypes. I have heard some shocking things from former students. One of them told me her mother in law said, how do you think of cooking my meals with the hands that have touched a dead body that was so shocking. For these students, majoring in funeral direction is about learning to show dignity and respect for the deceased. So while its the law of the call, i sure wouldnt want a man to touch wash and dress my naked body even when im dead. Im determined i should be the one beating these women a proper farewell, as was the kind of farewell preferred by many families in todays south korea. And thats a for today this morning. A website did i believe in i, with pictures of todays move launch from china and the reactions its caused. Were back tomorrow at the same time. About the fight against the corona virus pandemic has the rate of infection been developing the latest Research Information and contacts virus update on t. W. And jim, and if at any time i believe any place names yet, i dont like the quite cool song to sing along to you from super looking for those interactive exercises. Everything is online and interactive. And jim interface with the w its the stress of the coronavirus pandemic is taking its toll on all of us. Theres the ever present fear that you or a loved one, could catch the virus on top of the strain of having to work and learn from home with normal ways of relaxing and socializing on hold for. Now, scientists are starting to study the emotional impact the pandemic is having on people everywhere from the oldest to the youngest is 5. Ringback children perhaps cant fully comprehend the unusual strain that this pandemic is placing upon them. Is not normal times for anyone and the impact is being felt strongly by those who would normally need the most help. The elderly are among the 3 friends have met up to play cards in leipzig, germany. They are between 70 and one over 90 years old. They all still live in their own homes. They regularly to exercise classes together and meet up in a restaurant on sundays. So how do they feel about the contact restrictions . I dont want to take any risks. I prefer to follow the recommendations. I wont take any risks, says michelle. And of course, this is stressful because you become really isolated and very alone. And you need a bit more at least i personally need a little bit more company just Nursing Homes have had restrictions for a long time. Visits are now limited to half an hour each day. One of this homes residents is lucy, a little man. She is 99 years old, has 4 children, and shes a grand and great grandmother. They mention the cell and go to sleep. Humans are meant to be social. You can have a good life when you have closeness, when you can hug things that arent possible now. And how think you have to think in the end, i dont care to shake hands with the children. Thats not what youre supposed to do. And thats the hardest part. The see a little man has experienced a lot in her life. Escape from war illnesses and great upheaval. So you know, the lesson. All we can do is stay calm and accept whatever comes our way and the impact of when through come. The only thing we can influence that is by being considerate to each other. The impact of the coronavirus on the Mental Health of people of all ages is something thats being studied very closely. We can all speak to professor christoph corral from the sherry tate medical school here in berlin. Hes conducting a Major International survey called the collaborative outcomes study on health and functioning during infection times or co fit for short. And i think we need to show version of that. Thank you very much for joining us professor. I mean, whats the aim of your study . Yes. When a cool fit actually cool, it hits the worlds we were stunned by it on myself. And marcos only did cool and we thought we need to do something to learn from it and feel fortified. So the idea is to state and be fit cool fit during the cool bit and then mc and up and mix trying to understand who are the people who are at highest risk of having poor outcomes from it. And one are coping strategies to actually do well during the pandemic, so that we could learn from individual minda vigils for individuals, but also do Something Like that in space. Governance, thats politicians and society could learn from what kind of strategies to deal with. Pandemic health. Both physical and Mental Wellbeing or actually make it worse. So what sort of thing is asking people so are asking many things thats its a long survey thats a little bit of weakness about 30 minutes for of adults and adolescents and about 15 to 20 minutes for all children age 6 to 13, were asking them obviously where they live, how they live, where they know someone who has been infected or theyve been infected themselves if theyre in karm, teen right now or not. But also do they have a physical or Mental Illness already . And what is the help seeking behavior during the pen demick, they getting the medication or they can have a need. And then we are asked symptoms, looking at not full validated scales, but we drew out single questions to b. S. Trans diagnostic as possible having as many mental domains and physical domains we want to cover. And then we already saw that having drawn out just a couple of questions, always on 0 to 10. 00, how much you feel it is true knowledge that youre anxious, lonely or angry. And how it was that the 2 weeks before the pandemic hit in order to see a change. And then we also ask about coping strategies, what works the best . And then we want to see people who do well, what kind of coping strategies they use versus those that dont. So that we can actually recommend certain strategies to people who may not use them appropriately. Theyre already send theories on the impacts that their pandemics been having on Mental Health, all the specific ideas that you know, trying to either challenge all or prove with this. So i mean, were looking both at not modifiable risk factors, which are basically socceroo definitions and modifiable risk factors. So can we do something that we want to change . So for example, how much people go outside, how much they are in contact with other, is it just personal contact or what about also online contact that is already pretty good. But what about telemedicine . That supplements for in person visits and can still maintain well being. So where were testing a couple of also resilience factors. It doesnt resilience change over time, or is it something that youre born with into the endemic . What about altruism and altruistic behavior change and thereby also improve outcomes . These are all, some of the questions were asking with in looking on the program and specifically the impacts for young people and older people. Are there specific groups that you are expecting to see the pandemic having a lot to impact on . Yes, so were looking at it 1st of all, this is an anonymous for the general population, but were very interested in subgroups migrans, pregnant women, women in general, the young, the very old, the people who live alone from Plant Health Care workers. All of these will be examined. We conned if 110000 people across the world, 147 countries, 6 continents to participate. We need more people to understand it better. But what weve learned already is that women seem to be at the brunt. They have more stress, more angry, and they also feel somewhat more lonely than males. And particularly it seems those that have to do triple time asking their home, running the household. But they have to do home schooling and maybe also do a home office kind of work and it seems that they are much more affected all the more open and honest about it. Because also more women participated in the survey saw will be interesting to see which groups to turn out to be the greater effective professor christoph corral from the sheraton medical school and the co fit study. Thanks for joining us. Thanks for having me. And you can take part in the survey by visiting fitz dot com, they want people from all over the world and its available in lots of different languages. And you can help create a better understanding of the human impact of covered 90. Now is the part of the program where we put one of your questions submitted through how you chip channel to our science correspondent, derrick williams. I would like to know why the Pfizer Vaccine needs to be kept. So very cold, especially since it presumably has to be warmed up prior to administer a sion to answer this i 1st have to go over a few basics of cell biology. The vaccine developed by biotech and pfizer is whats known as a messenger r. N. A. Or m r n a vaccine m r n a is a chain like a molecule that fulfills a very important function and cells that it contains codes to make proteins and it acts as a messenger between the cells control center and its protein building machinery as hence the name. But the protein, this particular m r n a vaccine that codes for isnt a huma