Beethoven is for beethoven is for everyone to be told in 2020 and 50 then a verse 3 here on d w. Many leaders see testing as the way out of this dark and sporadic tunnel of coronavirus lockdown. The thinking being that if you can catch someone before they spread the virus, then you can slow and even stop the pandemic. In austria, the government is planning a mass testing campaign. Here a bike courier drops off, tests at apartments in vienna. Back in the evenings to collect the samples to be tested. But not every test is created equal. And the timing of tests is also crucial to getting to someone before their infectious can make or break the Contact Tracing campaign. A Mass Testing Program in northern italy has identified over 3000 coronavirus cases. And many of those people had no idea that they had covered 19 testing can clearly be a powerful tool for combat in the spread of the virus. But what tests you do and where is key . We report from a hospital in a coronavirus test to make sure this patients not infected ahead of her operation in a few days. Time doesnt hurt exactly, but its very unpleasant. It feels like the swab is poking around in your brain, but the test is obligatory to protect other patients and staff at hospitals like this one in berlin. But many people in germany would like the chance to be tested more regularly. It would be good if we could use the tests to make things like travelling easier to be a bit safer. That doesnt look likely any time soon with Testing Capacity at its limits. The government is trying to ease the pressure on overwork, slaps. Even some hospitals are shifting away from the more reliable p. C. R. Tests. Instead using the faster cheaper antigen test to check best stuff for the virus has the advantage of rapid tests is that we get a result within 30 minutes. Its relatively reliable and a relatively easy testing system. But on the other hand, the disadvantage is that we know the rapid tests are slightly less sensitive to the virus. The p. C. R. Test is the gold standard. Its more precise than a rapid test. Its a fine balance between whats reliable and whats practical. But the rapid test come with that challenges too. In germany, they can only be administered by a Trained Health worker that costs time and money and means people can test themselves at home. No man understands the dial. Emma has hospital staff. Of course we would have like to keep using the p. C. R. Tests because theyre more sensitive. I understand the labs are at their limit and we need the p. C. R. As more urgently for the patients. When they arrive with symptoms, then we have to know fast, but for sure whether they really have coronavirus or not. Boman gets tested once every 2 weeks enough to feel safe, he says, but its clear any hopes testing could be rolled out on a broader scale. Well have to wait for many. That means a test of patience instead. Now there are 3 key types of tests being carried out on citizens around the world at the moment. The 1st tests for a past infection is called an Antibody Test or a serological test. A blood sample is needed for this test. Its then analyzed on the existence of antibodies. These are produced by our bodies when they face an infection and can be detected once its over. The other 2 tests look out for an ongoing infection with sars cover to the 1st of these is the antigen test. It needs a sample of saliva or throat tissue, which can then be analyzed for the proteins that sit on the outside of the corona virus. These tests can give results quickly, but theyre not as precise as the p. C. R. Test. For the p. C. R. Test, you also need saliva or throat tissue, but this time its tested for the viruses genome, which is known as r. N. A. The p. C. R. Test is the most reliable one, but in many cases, it needs more time to be analyzed. Now ive been speaking to evangelise cuts awful us from the association, the represent over 200 accredited laboratories. Here in germany, i asked him why, when we have these more accurate p. C. R. Tests, we still need another type of test for covered 19. The less secure it when you mean the entity just well its a, its a tradeoff, i guess between speed and accuracy. We have multiple settings in patient care where we cannot wait 567 or even 24 hours for a test result. So take someone who is going to get needed to hospital over in an emergency setting, for example, of all and aged care in an old peoples home. Someone is slow because he develops a high fever or not. You need a response, a very, very fast. And in such settings, it may be acceptable to work with a little bit less the curacy and less sensitive nitty. And thats how these tests have been designed as well. So tests also have a package insert like a drug, like a prescription drug. And its very clear that these tests have been designed to detect virus in people who are symptomatic and within a certain time window. And those who gives you the answer, where these tests are not extremely good at the moment. In broad based screening, where people are generally asymptomatic, they look and feel healthy about where they could still be infected. And with these people and to train and especially the road test, do not have a very hard sensitivity. And we recommend p. C. R. Testing should be done. Instead for increasingly saying Mass Testing Programs being carried out in various parts of the world. Is that an effective way of actually defeating coronavirus . Is it just telling you where states . Well, its a different quality of the program, but its not the continuous permanent screening and track and trace program. We currently do, bro, but its broader on the country. However, it has its purpose to it basically shines a spotlight into the part of the population at a certain point in time and tells us how many infected people might there be. The trouble with that is a little bit indigent tests again used. And if the prevalence in the population of the disease is very low, like we have now seen in northern italy over this past week, and the positive rate there was below one percent. The risk of both positive and false negative results is very, very high. And we also see the problem is negative and the result could give some whole certainty because people can in fact, they all get infected pretty quickly after the head test taken. But with a negative result, they might feel safe and everythings fine and take over doing what they are doing, which is not quite the case. So we have to be careful with these results, but it gives us interesting statistics to see how many people might be infected within a certain population group. If you want to do what about the virus, because you would have to repeat it every day. And i would have to repeat, well, the entire population. And of course, its a big enough aid getting those people tested once, isnt it . And the Antibody Test such as it was one is had coronavirus in the past. Why is that useful . Particularly when we dont know how long or even if that does make you immune well, thats precisely the point. It was so, and thats also why its not being applied very much in the moment. So if you know someone has had the infection, the person has tested positive through the p. C. R. Test has perhaps even been admitted to hospital. It is interesting to track the antibody developments. There are different types of antibodies which build over time, some very quickly within hours where all immune system runs up to a fight in a drug that says something on to develop over time and then state. And so its very interesting to measure in concern positive cases, how long antibodies stay which type of antibodies billowed a period of time. But for the current fighting of the pandemic, this is not a very good information. We need to know who is infected right now. And who has to the other side and put into the anybody . Test evangelise cuts off a loss from. Thank you so much for joining us on the college 1000. 00 special security. And now is the part of the road on where you get to ask the questions to ask science correspondent, that aquariums if youre diagnosed with covered 19 and a recovering attire, what measures should you take to prevent your family from catching it as well . The last thing you want to do if you catch cove at 19 is give it to your friends or family. Unfortunately, that can prove challenging if you live in the same household. On the positive side, the evidence we have so far indicates that after your symptoms appear with every day that passes, youre likely grows less infectious though its still grinding its way through studies at least. Currently, we think that maximum infectiousness hits around the 1st day that you show symptoms if not before. So if you tested positive after you developed symptoms and are now convalescing at home and the people around you have tested negative, then the likelihood youll infect them should as a rule drop by the day. Heres what authorities recommend you do 1st, no visitors of course, and both you and caregivers should wear masks and any interactions, even if its hard. Stay as isolated as you possibly can, preferably in your own room with a window that can remain open if temperatures permit it door closed, try to only eat there as well. A dedicated set of silverware and plates is a good idea. If you have the option in your home of multiple bathrooms and toilets, then dedicate one to your use limit contact with caregivers, if at all possible, they really shouldnt belong to a high risk group. Theyll need to disinfect regularly. Leave any dirty laundry or bed linens, unwashed for as long as possible. And finally, dont forget that caregivers will also need to quarantine for as long as Health Authorities require. Even if that means long after your own. Proved. And you can submit a question for derek through you tube channel. We have just enough time to bring you the latest developments in the race to get a corona virus vaccine ready for distribution. Scientists at Oxford University working alongside pharmaceuticals, astra zeneca, say trials show that their vaccine candidate is 70 percent effective, but that is thought to rise as high as 90 percent one and a half doses a given that is lower than the percentage just given by pfizer, by on tech, and however, the ops, a vaccine is cheaper to produce. And its easier to store on robots for any other developments on the virus to go to our web sites. Did we dot com slash coverage 19. Thanks for joining us on the college. 19 special. Take cash card for kalish. Im told now germanys have a large cash because of 19 is fundamentally changing match. How was it in other European Countries . And what are the consequences of this Development Card . Will cope with 19 cash next, d. W. Because indiana to me, misery in 2020, new team and devastating damage destroyed the finest cameraman leaver villages. The survivors started creating dollars from damage. Clause giving up was never an option. A story of success. Eco female. In 60 minutes on t w. From the ghetto to parliament to god knows bobby wanted a pop star rose against a couple of shots by lets return to the shot despite coming from a poor family loves to become president. Got a job and the challenges are gone. Does he eat on bob . Uecker dn credible story of bob. You want to palm starts december 10th on g. W. Bob. What do you always carry with you . Your smartphone keys and some cash or keys, a smartphone and credit card. Germans are increasingly split on this one. Cash was long came here, but more and more people are switching to credit and debit cards in part due to the Coronavirus Crisis by car alter contactless. Oh yeah. That guy card. I know im someone who prefers cash because it gives me a better idea of how much im spending. But because it 19 has changed that now i pay with plastic tops almost itself. You have to ask yourself, why do people want to abolish cash . So some banks have turned their backs on cash completely. They dont have any brick and mortar branches or a. T. M. s by the Cashless Payments are on the rocks. But experts warn were paying with our data. These are google facebook, twitter interfaces, that surveillance capitalism. Cash is competing with Electronic Payment Systems. Could it get knocked out of the ring . A former head of interpol says it would be risky to abolish cash completely. What happens if russians choose off their system . You know, defenders pushed around by respond as pleased to Cashless Payments whos profiting and what price are we paying back for sure. Cause its a life without bills and coins. What might that be like in scandinavia . Its already a reality. I decide to take the ferry, hire a car, and go and find out. It seems safer to me than flying in light of the coronavirus pandemic in denmark, finland, norway, and here in sweden, in particular, cash has practically become a thing of the past. The 1st thing that i do after arriving is go in search of an a. T. M. In sweden, thats not so easy. There are few and far between and then when i go to the newsagents to buy some water and peppermints, im told i have to pay by card. If you say, im going to meet till a german whos been living in sweden for many years and who works at the university, he cant quite remember the last time he actually held up a bank note in his hand. Social distancing has become a habit for me, but my attempts dont really work here. At the moment, few people in stockholm are wearing face masks. Either. Were going to tills, favorite bakery, which has everything apart from a cash till. What shall we buy . I recommend theyre good here. What are they and their cinnamon buns made with cardamom mccallum . I can really recommend them, feel ok. You know what . I dont make out of a mobile. Lucas puts our pastries in a box, and i get out my card to pay. Because he hasnt got a cash till look us is surprised at my surprise. He used to see germany, yesteryears, france, and germany still many catch up. But i wonder why . Well, good for us. They go used to it. I guess they trust it somehow. And they not everybody house, everyone has a card and debit credit card. When in bakeries typically cannot pay by card, theyre just really, i mean for me living your very annoying going back to germany. Yeah. Ok. Im now stuck and i have to go on walk around, got about 5 blocks of a good night. You know, you can get your 500 programmers and all the software. Its anything you can have as much money as you like. Its simpler and if you know mr. Lucas says that having no cash in the store is much safer for your little get your colon is going to be if you want to steal over the program for the good, no robots, i dont think its right that you know so, so you go to free up the cash, i dont need your business funds, at least when it comes to paying people keep their distance. We take our pastries and go on our way to would like to buy some strawberries at the market in germany, paying by cash would be the only option not to run faster. But till does it the swedish way. He just has his mobile phone with him. So hes going to use a payments app called swish. Its a much used swedish mobile Payment System. It transfers the payment to the traders, phone number or q. R. Code. A pop up graphic of a bursting bubble confirms its arrived. And then you can id ing whats the bible for . It proves its not just a photo, but im actually sending him the money. Im impressed but its not the quickest way to buy strawberries. It does take time. I just how are the governments side . Oh, yes, it does, you know, but i think you and the swedish banks and Payment Services have almost based out cash completely. Most banks dont provide cash anymore. Its too much trouble and paying with smart phone apps is booming, especially among young people here. Transferring money from one mobile phone to another is as easy as sending a text message or an email. Here, money has become merely digital information. This also means that swedish Electronic Payment Systems can track most peoples financial transactions. Big brother is watching you. Until can keep tabs on his kids spending. Behavior of course still doesnt give his 2 children their pocket money, cash. Its all digital the system gives him a good idea of what his son miles is buying with his allowance of hours can either concerts or i can see every transaction and the stores that hes visited, plus the times of purchase and the sums he spends. And do you see how much money you have . I dont know how, but that does, he can see how much money i have a few kind of sense if you have money left over as it is us, this is yet or so for a child. I know that i have some money left when, but when i buy something for more than 20 krone, i kind of get the feeling that i shouldnt be doing that. Its my society. Yes, thats quite good. I saw that you stayed under 20 most of the time in june, but you went shopping pretty regularly. I dont know if you can see that. Really every purchase is listed. Im sure this one tells daughter lu only pays by card and occasionally uses a mobile app used to so your dad can see what money youre transferring and when you buy a house go now i think he can see where i shop but not what i buy with the bank card after that. And that doesnt bother you. We know this at the moment, but in a couple of years i realize my cash isnt much use here in sweden. I wonder if paul even be able to spend the cronut that i withdrew. But then i come across a little tight eating place in the countryside, where the owner is kind enough to let me play with real money. Right out front is sweet in the shape of things to come up future in which cash is a thing of the past and every payment for everything we buy can be traced and tracked. In germany, things are changing dramatically. Since the emergence of the coronavirus, the number of people paying by card has increased by 26 percent. Is germany following swedens lead. I want to ask a modern day, a harvard lecturer and Research Analyst at the french economist has conducted a study recently on the subject. Do we have to say goodbye to cash yet . But what, when the, just since the beginning of the year on his fisheries, since chronic prices came, gushing circulation has the, if you increase because its once you know that the safe event stalls that you and whoa as i frequented, i guess as a means of payment it has definitely decreased less honest people. But i guess in december, a further of people used to pick on tech less in germany. And today, i mean, you know, he must know hes 50 percent up and youve got the case. Many germans are abandoning cash and switching to hard payments because of the coronavirus. Other countries have gone even further. South korea to china, we decided to crawl inside