Visionary. And a pragmatist, a diplomat, who always gets straight to the point that good to institutes outgoing director, close to tell a man will look at his final year in office and his in tress of career name on the last cultural diplomat starts nov 16th on d, w. Over 30000000, people have contracted, covert and recovered, then up a leaf to have Natural Immunity. That typically offers better protection than a vaccine, but the price is higher with so many unknown long term effects. Vaccines may not be quite as effective, but theyre also not as dangerous. I mean, not only, not an influenza, and i was very well one, even in some compare it to a hangover. Human trials of several vaccines now show positive results. But that doesnt mean life will go back to normal just yet. Here in an old peoples home in italy, the vulnerable can once again get close to their loved ones. But in a different way. Were making progress. The Serum Institute of india, the Worlds Largest vaccine producer, says its made 14000000 doses of astra zeneca is potential corona vaccine. Its a bold, 600 participants for late stage trials, and soon it will be making novaks rival shorters both seek regulatory approval. Indias vaccine is big service has always been important enough from donating blood since a young age to holding Treat Foundation drapes. He was disappointed when he couldnt join the indian army to serve the country. But then another opportunity in his north indian from 1000 the route that came along, he volunteered for the Clinical Trials of over acts of a covert vaccine been developed in india. People told me it was risky, but for me it was an opportunity to be of service. Im happy to dedicate my body to my country, my fellow country men. Whenever i needed it was this enthusiasm to want until for the covert vaccine trials that stood out for dr. Summit of atlanta in previous Clinical Trials talked about mark has led it to much more convincing to find volunteers. For this one, she had hundreds calling in within days. So many people came forward because they wanted to do a greater good and make coffee is one only within 34 days we had to have people indias stood with us. Im just isnt just individuals in india who are trying to play their part to help deal with dishpan demick. 1400 kilometers away to western city of 20 is home to the Worlds Largest vaccine to do so. The sediments do to india produces over 1500000000, vaccine dollars every year for use in one second to countries. Now, it is poised to play a crucial role in the global bid for the corona about dyslexia. Already this facility is producing 20000000. 00 doses all fuel for vaccine. Every month it is set to stop by in 300000000. 00 do this by the end of the year. We reject dr. Passerbys. We sacrificed a lot of products that we were going to launch in europe us, and thats why we were able to have that much Spare Capacity available for making these 4 or 5 different covert vaccines and only at a low cost of a few 100. 00 rupees. Duffy 45. 00 euros. With the help of the gifts foundation, the institute is investing to provide vaccines to over 91. 00 middle Income Countries at an affordable cost for other vaccines at different stages of trials are also being produced. None of these have been a food yet, but the companys c. E. O. Are there, point of allah is confident that starting production already with the support of the Indian Government is the day if and when the vaccine is licensed, we have a lot of product that we can distribute, of course, its a risk of the product for whatever reason feels of the last minute, which now let me say looks very unlikely. Now things are looking far better, at least for the Oxford Astra Zeneca vaccine. We do know all expects emergency approvals for the oxford vaccine to come through early next year back and drop that now meet with tb going in for the tests next year. That check how well he is doing with the back. And even not being alone by his father was at fullest, voted for the safety of his son. He has now been swayed by love, needs enthusiasm about him. The sweet who is now of vaccine trial volunteer as well, and proud to stand shoulder to shoulder with his son in what he sees as a service to the country and to the world. While scientists continue to work on a coronavirus vaccine, lets talk about facts scenes versus Natural Immunity. So whats better getting infected, recovering or becoming immune or an actual vaccine when it comes to covert . Well, at this point, its hard to tell because we dont actually understand exactly how long lasting, how long lived Natural Immunity is after the 2 infection. So far, the data indicate that antibody responses are quite durable, at least over the course of 5 to 6 months. But we dont, dont know how long that will last. What we do know is that from and any coronaviruses other coronaviruses that cause the common cold, that the unity is not that long, that you can get reinfected after in one or 2 years. And the hope is that with the vaccine and used immunity that they will be able to produce more long and more robust immunity, the natural infection does. Because for some other diseases, the vaccine actually does enjoy a better immune response than the natural infection. And then vice versa with others like measles. Exactly. So there are examples from both. There are some examples where natural infection induces a much more robust and long lived immunity. Then vaccines have been able to do and other examples that vaccines are better than the natural infection. And then often as do with the pathogen or the virus that causes the infection, is that barak has the capability to escape the immune system, as in the case of a child he or certain herpesviruses. The viruses are able to hide from the immune system and the hope is that you can create a vaccine that is able to bypass this property of the, of the virus to hot and, and this plate and use a more robust and more long lived in unity theres also, there are many unknowns as far as the long term effects of covert go. I mean for young and old blood clots, heart damage, Chronic Fatigue, memory loss, fertility issues, seizures, temporary paralysis, increased risk of poc, and since all time, is there any added in any others that youd like to add to the list . No, definitely. There will be long term consequences of covert 19. At this point, it is still too early to tell how frequent they will be and how long these. And these consequences and long term effects will be. What we do see is that theres quite a substantial proportion of people that suffer from fatigue and Chronic Fatigue syndrome. That is a very severe condition that basically descent leaves, patients unable to were unable to go about their normal lives for several months. Then there is other effects such as off the respiratory system, you see people that severely compromised for several months after the infection. And of course we have these neurological effects that you mentioned. So in addition to the quite high mortality and the strain on the healthcare system, we have to take into account those long term effects. And that makes it more important even to have the effect of the accident. And what do you expect an effective vaccine against kobe . To be able to do so the studies that are currently being carried out and also the 1st study where results have been reported have been designed in power to show every week to infection symptomatic infection. What i would hope, which is a secondary endpoint of many of the studies, but i would hope, and i also think that they will be able to do is to reduce the frequency offs of the equipment, which means reduce the frequency of failure. But people have to be into it and treat it in the i. C. U. And also to reduce mortality from berlins shot at a hospital life effects on to thank you very much. Finally, your questions is our science correspondent, derrick williams, by on track and pfizer have developed a vaccine to prevent covert 19. Are there pharmaceutical companies also working on therapies to cure patients who already have it . As well celebrate very promising interim vaccine candidate results and look forward to possible breakthroughs with others soon. Its kind of easy to ignore the elephant in the room, which is that covert 19 is going to make this winter in the Northern Hemisphere of long, hard and likely very grim, even in a Perfect World with a vaccine approved by the end of november. It will take many more months if not years to distribute it. And although doctors have gotten better at treating patients, thereby improving survival rates, we still dont have really effective drugs to treat those who become ill or who become very ill. In fact, a major disputed preprint Study Released by the w. H. O. Last month. More or less said that most of whats in our medicine cabinet now, that can be produced at a large scale, basically doesnt really work. So why dont we have more compounds to help people who have the disease and are in dire straits . Well, for a couple of reasons. In some ways, developing tailored treatments is a trickier process than developing a vaccine. Because vaccines all do the same thing, they stimulate the immune system to fight off an invader, so we can judge and points pretty clearly. Can it do that safely and can it do it effectively . But treatments usually have incremental effects and can affect the disease process in a lot of different ways, which is why in the search for therapy, we focused on what are called repurposed drugs, treatments that we already have that work for other diseases. And most importantly, that have already proven safe to take because it all had to go fast, right . So, so yes, thousands of drugs have been screened or are in repurchasing studies and some are promising. But as, as we approach the year of coke at 19, we still dont have therapies that can knock it out, effectively missed anything. The big thing, things instead of throwing them away with subsidies instead of projects remove good and sustainable. This is what germanys featured should look like. Lining up instead of lagging behind, made ensure that t. W. To the point of strong opinions, clear positions from international perspectives. The justice not really settled on americas president ial election. One thing seems certain if and when joe biden enters the white house, hes going to adopt a very new and very different Foreign Policy. Find out move on to the point to this point 3 times in 60 minutes here on t. W. Closely carefully. You dont know this soon. Nice to get to discover who would subscribe to documentary on you to there are people who believe you can do whatever you want to our planet and nature will just take its course. Mother. Nature is much money than us. Still, our world is also a precarious place. The ecosystems we live in can be extremely delicate. But that wont always convince someone to for cycle all buy stuff with less packaging or use Renewable Energy, or stop driving a car or eating meat heaps more convincing. The economics of going green, thanks for joining us here, mate on ben physical and you can get wind water and sun for free. So why have we been digging around for oil all this time . Well, the tech was still too expensive, but its not anymore. And there are bigger and even bolder projects, like harnessing the force of the wind produced on the high seas. Now, even though the wind is a lot stronger there than on land offshore pox and set to become the key to germanys energy transition. Our reporter wanted to find out why, for someone afraid of heights he took this is simon to a whole new level when meeting the founder of one of europes biggest wind farm operators. Im eating close my eyes who founded the energy company, w. P. D. One of europes biggest wind farm operators, w p. D runs clean energy parks on the andaman sea that produced a lot of power 1st. I have to prove i dont have for a vehicle. The truck bomb is 80 meters tall. Its pretty windy up here. I have a question for him. When that work can germany carry out the Green Energy Transition using only offshore wind farms, coal, and nuclear and edgy generate about half of germanys electricity. Thats bad for the end vironment there in a given day or an edgy transition wants to change that much more electricity needs to be generated by solar and wind power. As my own knows that some germans oppose wind farms. W. P. B. Also installs Wind Turbines offshore, or it seems beyond the horizon, they cant disturb anyones few. Couldnt all our electricity be generated there. This is the worlds biggest offshore wind farm. Its turbines, maggots. Humans look like tiny ends in comparison. There are as big as the eiffel tower and come power 16000. 00, households, germany consumes around 550. 00, terawatt, ours of electricity each year. It would take more than 10000. 00 of these turbines to generate that much energy. So that could work each class and what need more than a square kilometer in space on the north sea of a baltic. That what i mean twice as many turbines in german waters than currently allowed at what wed better for germany to get some electricity from its neighbors. W. P. B. Installs one turbines all over the world. But do they take their money . Assuming an annual consumption of 550 terawatt hours can all of that be generated offshore . If i install turbines across the entire north sea and baltic economic area, i could just about manage it. But its not realistic. There are technological and environmental reasons not to do it. Fishing vassal of generally have to keep away from offshore Wind Turbines, because then thats can destroy the underwater cables. And there are large Nature Conservation areas right through our plans and wildlife in the north sea at the baltic. So space is limited. My initial contribution, none of the worlds major coastal countries will be able to drive all of their electricity from offshore wind pox. Lets take a look around the globe. Even a large island, such as Great Britain with its long coastline. What ballet manage only small islands would be able to get all of their energy from offshore wind pox. So whats the solution . Offshore wind Parks Council apply enough electricity. How could germany meet all its energy needs for 3 new york bowls . The right solution is a mix of renewable sources. Gas will play a key role and hydro power a limited wind. Solar power has massive potential, and that can be part of the mix. But the driving force will be onshore and offshore wind energy. Off germany already gets more than half of its electricity from renewable sources. It wants to hit almost 100 Percent Renewables by 2038. Scientists have calculated what the energy mix would look like down. At 300 terawatt powers onshore, wind parks, what to deliver more energy than offshore ones. But why is that on shore wind farms like this will deliver the most . Id like tricity. The systems that are being built today are much more powerful. With the 30000, when turbines we already have in germany, will be able to produce 3 times as much electricity. So after show wind parks wont be enough. Whats needed is an energy mix. And that will change germanys landscape brain bigger and more modern onshore Wind Turbines. And even more offshore turbines generating power at sea funds from germanys Renewable Energy sources act have guaranteed high returns and such as start up financing for a whole host of green Energy Providers. Beginning in 2021, those subsidies will expire for plants that are more than 20 years old. That a leave many bio gas plants, solar and wind turbine operators, a profitable, also throwing a spanner into the works. The coronavirus lockdowns have seen Energy Demand plunge. We went to meet some of the small electricity produces will lose out this wind turbine has been in operation for 20 years now and can still produce renewable electricity. But the operators have decided to close because the state guaranteed subsidies have run out. And that is that we have decided to take the plant off the grid on december 31st and we will dismantle all the turbines and scrap them and wind power and bio gas are a key part of germany, switch to green energy, yet state subsidies for this bio gas plant are also running out after 20 years of the subsidies were too generous at 1st. And now suddenly the tap is being turned off and thats difficult. Above all, because people assume that the Subsidy Program would be continued at the moment. There are long faces all around then a diatom on used to be a farmer, but he switched to electricity production. Instead, he feeds his bio gas plant with maize, silent, and horse manure and feeds the electricity generated into the national grid. The state has been paying him a feed in tariff of up to 0. 24 per kilowatt hour, irrespective of current electricity prices. I get 22. 00 to 0. 24 now and that will drop to 0. 18. I have to save the difference somewhere. And at the moment, i dont see any way to cut costs in the production process. In fact, the plant needs more investment to ensure it turns a profit in the future. And detriment is also missing out on an important source of income. He cannot sell the heat thats produced along with the power of his former farm is too far from developed areas for that. And his fields are too small to enable him to run the bio gas plant with homegrown maize. He has to buy it from neighboring farmers at considerable expense, to continue operating by a gas plants with fewer state subsidies. Operators will need to make significant investments, and thats what yosef has done. Hes able to sell his waste heat and can feed his bio gas into the gas grid. The munich local authority buys the bio methane from him. To make that happen, he spent some 2000000 euros upgrading his facility. Thats beyond the reach of many energy producers. If you dont want to drive my colleagues into bankruptcy, but you have to do your sums very carefully. And in some cases, the most sensible decision might i