Prodemocracy lol. Mike has resigned on mass for they called exists act under a new Chinese National security lol. Germany meanwhile has criticized by jean, accusing it of undermining freedom in hong kong. American held welcome. The European Commission has signed the deal to secure up to 300000000 doses of a coded 19 vaccine developed by germanys beyond tech and us pharmaceutical giant pfizer. A vaccine is seen as the best chance to break the chain of coded 19 infection beyond take says it could start shipping the vaccine to a new countries. By the end of the year. The e. U. Health commissioner says the us sitting up a healthy union to improve the response and coordination of Member States in future Health Crises or to talk some more about the critical issue of global distribution. Were joined now by Rigel Silverman in miami. Shes, a policy fellow at the center for Global Development in washington. D. C. , thanks to you just published an article titled vaccine breakthrough to refute news for the west, but in low and middle Income Countries, terms and conditions apply. What do you mean by that . Well, its great to be with you tonight. Thank you for the opportunity to talk. So what we mean is that theres several issues that we see in terms of how this vaccine news will impact low and middle Income Countries. So as you say, the European Union has inked a deal for 3 100000000. 00 doses of this vaccine. The United States is entitle to up to 600000000. 00 doses total of this vaccine. Other wealthy countries have also deal to ensure their supply of this accident, but most lower middle Income Countries, with a couple of small exceptions, including a roux and ecuador, have not. They do not have existing contracts to secure their supply to this accident. And the companies are saying that there were seeing perhaps a 1300000000 dose is by the end of next year. You need to keep 2 doses for a vaccination course for it to be effective. So that 650000000 people, thats not enough for the entire world. And right now a small number of countries are counting. The vast majority of that project rive the World Health Organization for their part has a short day. And then interview on monday that id see to even distribution to include the developing world to do you see it that way . There may be a limited distribution to the developing world, but there are several issues for why this act scene is unlikely to be distributed in mass to the developing world. So 1st is the total supply of the vaccine. 1300000000. 00 doses is not enough to go around by my back of the, on the lookout and 6 wealthy country purchasers. And one of those is the european cut union are, have accounted for over 1100000000 of those services. So theres just not that much left after those countries are accounted for. The other major problem is that even if lower middle Income Countries could get their hands on the fact in this actually needs whats called an ultra cold chain. That means it needs to be stored at negative 70 or negative 80 degrees celcius. This requires specialized equipment, specialized transport, specialized distribution networks. So this logistics where this have been in progress, have been planned for many months in europe and the United States. But the enterprise, ensuring this alter called chain in most low and middle Income Countries would be a nonstarter. Its not perhaps in some major cities virtual superman policy fellow, at the center for Global Development in washington. D. C. , thanks so much for your time. Thank you. Or belgium is a country with one of the worlds highest coded, 19 Death Threats a shop increase in new cases. There has forced the government to reimpose a possible lockdown and the state doubly correspondent, teri schultz reports from brussels. The rules being rigorously enforced times up for coronavirus Rule Breakers in belgium. The warnings didnt work to convince people to wear masks, limit gatherings, to 4 people and obey the evening curfew. So the next step is strict enforcement by police inspectors, like emily chua and kester. Theyve become the belgian authorities, last line of defense against the sky. High infection rate, their weapon, a 250 euro, fine people must go in for their orders are to accept few excuses when they get up 5 years through. Is that where it is most real question . There for a lot of money for this, but Everybody Knows just say for everyone, its not for us to use able to bait or not kill their business. Their business is to make sure that what the Prime Minister has called the last chance to get control of the virus isnt wasted. The fear of having it take its having a fine is going to stop some people from committing infractions of course. And then we hope that the behaviors that we are forcing are indeed stopping the disease. Theres one area where officers are being more tolerant now than during the 1st wave of the pandemic. Thats for people who cant stay home because they dont have one. During the last lockdown, many of them received fines, plain clothes officer, chris fonda, how to is in a special police unit designed to help get people off the streets. He and his colleagues asked the karuna patrols to take it easy on the homeless this time around. The ideal scenario that it would be that we have place and shelter for everybody. But were not in that situation for the moment. We have to be a little bit flexible for those people. More working like sense and sensible eyes, them to wear the mask to keep their distance. But theyre part of the street. So theyre in the streets as a last resort. Those who must or want to stay outside can now get a document to show the police and avoid a penalty, or how to agrees that for the rest of the population, the tough approach is unfortunately necessary. But when you have people who doesnt want to listen and always make the main same mistakes, they misplace the mistakes you made, you have to give them a fine, you know, they have to feel it somewhere. Hundreds of those 250 euro infractions are still being issued every week according to the brussels police. On this night. However, by the 10 pm curfew downtown is deserted. The officers say they hope this means people finally comprehend just how bad the kubota situation is. If everybody saw whats happening, really, persons or in hospitals, maybe people to get more seriously and respect. The governments strategy seems to be working. Since they reinforced measures took effect. Belgium is no longer in 1st place for the worst rate of new infections in europe. Ok, now lets take a look at some of the other stories making headlines around the world. The United Kingdom has become the 1st country in europe to record more than 50000. 00 coronavirus related deaths. Its a milestone, it now shares with the United States, brazil, india, and mexico. The government imposed a month long, 2nd lockdown in england, last week. Polish nationalist and right wing strain must have clashed with police during a march through the capital. Warsaw police said several officers had been injured. Thousands of people defy they. Pandemic related band to take pot. Poland celebrates nov 11th as independence day. At least 6 migrants died when the crab, the dinghy capsized in the mediterranean. More than 100 others were rescued by the open in International Waters off the coast of libya, a spanish rescued 88 migrants on tuesday. Germany has criticised china for the dismissal of 4 prodemocracy opposition. Politicians in hong kong legislature. Several of their fellow lawmakers also resigned in solidarity after the Chinese Parliament passed a law allowing the islands chief executive to expel legislators without going through the courts. And beijing has defended the legislation as necessary to uphold the rule of law. Opponents say it spells the end of the territories fought to hold on to its democratic rights. That way, if they were the last remaining prodemocracy lawmakers in hong kong, now they are resigning in solidarity with their colleagues who were deemed threats to National Security by beijing. It is yet another blow for their prodemocracy movement. All i got that we got all the decision made by the National Peoples Congress Today is extremely ridiculous. It shows that the Central Government has completely given up the basic law and given up one country 2 systems. Dennis kwok is one of the 4, expelled lawmakers. He told d. W. That despite the setback, they are not giving up. But i think he can still feel the passion, local community in the hearts of peoples aspirations for the rule of law and progress. I think that is not going to go away. Beijing defended the new resolution and denied its restricting Hong Kong Special freedoms. They were implemented in 1997, after the city was handed back to china from british rule. Not tell me where you went, you think . Turn to the sharia before it is a necessary measure in order to maintain the rule of law in hong kong and the Constitutional Order of the special autonomous region. Where you verify it is rational and reasonable and in line with the constitution and laws they recently moved to clamp down on opposition, voices in hong kong by imposing a National Security law. After months of antigovernment protests, hong kong semi autonomous status was originally guaranteed until 2047. But for some, the end date has already arrived. Political talks on libyas future have achieved a breakthrough with rival factions agreeing to hold elections within 18 months. The uns acting envoy for the country, Stephanie Williams said that to support had reached a preliminary agreement on the road to parliamentary and president ial polls. The un hosted talks in geneva opened on monday that the latest push to end almost a decade of violence in libya. So is this indeed the breakthrough after a decade of violence . Well, earlier we put that question to the mahdi, hes the founder and general director of the said dick institute, a think tank in tripoli that seeks to provide analysis and understanding of libyan issues or not. I think it is, i spoke to us earlier this year in january when the conference in berlin took place and it made similar promises. And i think that the model started or the measure of elections is not really the contentious issue here. The contentious issue has always been if violence flares back up. How do we stop it now . Weve had similar calls in the last few years and 1017 in paris. There was an agreement to hold elections in palermo. Doesnt it seem . There was an agreement to hold elections in 2019 or not with abi, there was an agreement to hold elections. Those elections were prevented by conflict. And by the very body that we were to stop those conflicts, the Un Security Council allowed for 14 months of conflict to take place in libya without having the means to stop it or the local actors that were willing it, namely khalifa, haftar and his libyan our own forces, all the forces that were supporting him International Actors from the u. A. E. , egypt, russia, saudi arabia, france, none of those actors were sanctioned or condemned or criticized for this month. It is a danger here of really focusing on elections without realizing that elections are not controversial. You know, real problem here has always been, there holds power, let you know who is going to be the next president. Which of the armed groups and the factions, only the solly is going to be designated the legitimate army. And i think those things are giving as a better indicator of the prospects for violence in the near future. That was, and from libya there are a sport now gulf c. E. O. s master starts on thursday 7 months. Like because of the pandemic and its players practice spains john ron has had a shot that has to be seen to be believed. 1st. He skims the ball over the wolf over the water on purpose. Thats pretty impressive on its own. He manages to get it on to the green. Now the pandemic means there are no speak. That is there to see this unfortunately, but thankfully, the cameras were rolling as the ball then winds its way down the slope. And you know what happens next . Possibly one of the greatest golf shots ever played in the perfect birthday present for mr. Romney, as he birthday on the eve of the masters. What a way to warm up for gulfs biggest event. And that is it. Youre up to date on that next up, doc film takes a look at the nuremberg trials. Ill be back with more news at headlines that is at the top of the hour. Or maybe you can get all the lights, news, and information around the clock on our website thats to be found at www. Dot com. For now, for me and all the team here, and thanks for watching kiddo to parliament. Every donda knows despite coming from a close family, the pop star wants to become president and challenges or god doesnt really talk of the rebel story. Starts december 10th. D. W. The palace of justice in nuremberg. After the 2nd world war, nearly 200 defendants were brought here to be held accountable for 12 years of dictatorship, military aggression, tera and mass murder. At the heart of proceedings was the International Military tribunals which tried key war criminals from germany. The fall victorious powers responded to the nazis once in a millennium crimes. With a once in a millennium trial, on nov 20th, 1945 some 20 high ranking nancy leaders were brought by elevator to the court in room 600. The former rights mashal Hermann Goering willingly took on the role of most senior nazi. He was followed by grand admiral cogburn. Its whom hitler had appointed as president of the reich in his will. And rudolf hess, it was former deputy. The defendants never showed the slightest remorse. It was part of their stars, their pride to insist that they were right all the time and would do it again. They stood accused of conspiracy to carry out wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The defendants were ruthless ministers and fanatical ideologues, merciless military commanders and barbaric enforcers of hitlers maniacal will. They come into the dark as if this was not a fair proceeding, as if they knew they were going to hang already, why go through others . But as for that thing, that the allies were being pushed unfair about this person for the 1st time in history, an entire states leadership in the dark to the high ranking nazi officials and military leaders. It was a case of the winners putting the losers on trial. Its got to be domiciled for sure. At the time, i couldnt imagine that there were any reasonable grounds on which to accuse these and their later. Of course, i understood it better as a fish than no movie torrijos nation or alliance had ever attempted anything as bold or complex as what the allies were now doing with the surviving representatives of the 3rd reich. The prosecutors goal was nothing less than a global realignment brought about through the law. This was not a trial of germans of all. This was a trial for humanity. This was a trial does to prevent terror, me from raising its head again and only place in the world. Were nuremberg 945, the old Imperial City of the middle ages, lay in ruins. After nearly 6 years of war, nazi germany had capitulated unconditionally. 60000000 people were dead. The cost of that all fiddlers murderous quest for World Domination germans who once zealously followed their few are now wanted to forget. The main concern for most people was overcoming hunger and hardship. They werent interested in the fate of the nazi leadership in may. When reichs marshall, Hermann Goering was taken prisoner in austria. It became clear that this war was not going to end the way those in the history books had. Gurning had been certain the americans would accept him as negotiator, but then he had to surrender his pistol and was arrested even then, going still believe the victorious allies couldnt govern germany without him. Being charged with a crime seemed completely out of the question. American reporters were allowed to interview goering. He used his skill in chan to set himself apart from the realities of the war. He claimed to have fallen out with hitler some time earlier. If hed known what was happening in the concentration camps. He said he would have taken vigorous action. He wanted still to be now after him as they have a number of them. Nazi which of course is interesting because hitler had selected donuts and ive done it to be a success. They never really accepted that. And you could sense sort of a feeling of upstaging i, he was still a man who had perhaps chosen to be the number 2 man. And he should have been the right foot successor to i dont think like he thought he was going into exile or go to as a fancy star like napoleon, but not even his own people would accept the vein going as their new fuehrer in flensburg, in may. 945 grand admiral calderon, its as hitlers successor, appointed high profile, nancies like armaments minister, albert speer, and high ranking military commanders like alfred yodel to his cabinet. They acted as if they govern Germany Holding daily meetings. But they had no power. The most important perpetrators were already dead. Both adult hitler and propaganda minister yosef gerbils had taken their own lives in berlin. The russians displayed gerbils charred body with the help of a cyanide capsule. S. S. Leader heinrich himmler, also of aided prosecution. He had tried in vain to join doenitz his government disguised as a regular soldier. Himmler was picked up by a British Patrol before committing suicide. At the end of the war, the nazis monstrous crimes had come to light. When the americans liberated order of concentration camp into riga, they found few survivors. The conditions were indescribable. Along with the u. S. Troops, specialists came to the liberated camps to secure evidence and to arrest potential war criminals. My mind just refused to grasp what my eyes saw. I was coming in there to prove the crimes, and these people who are lying in the dirt mostly of couldnt tell if they were dead or alive if they stirred. It was unusual. These were objects and you cannot look upon them as human beings. They didnt look like human beings, many of them as flagrant as the nazis inhuman policies were. It was still an incredibly complicated task for investigators to bring those responsible to justice. The crime of genocide didnt exist and there was no Legal Mechanism to prosecute the internal affairs of a terrorist state. But the majority of germanys victims came from the occupied countries of europe. That gave the allies the opportunity to criminally, prosecute the 3rd reich the but it was to bring to trial those whom we had captured because he had committed crimes against allied soldiers in war time, clear violation of the rules of war or had been captured in concentration camps liberated by the allies. You had a perfect case. There was nothing more to be said to prove that these were enormous crimes which were being systematically committed by everyone connected with that camp. And thats what we did, and it didnt take very long to do. The idea for the nuremberg trials dates back to the summer of 1944. When u. S. President Franklin Delano roosevelt told officials in washington to devise strategies for bringing war criminals to justice for a long time, the allies were divided over the best way to punish those responsible. British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill thought hitlers in a circle show should be shot without trial. At the tehran conference, the allies didnt rule out executing 52100000, german war criminals. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin raised the idea of an International Criminal trial. Finally, the Us Department of war developed the plan for the nuremberg trials. Nazi leaders would have to be charged as criminal conspirators who had together planned wars of aggression, then carried out countless crimes and atrocities. And that was a concept that we were charged days. They didnt defend us with conspiring getting together and plotting to see is control of the German Government and subject in the german people to its dictatorial control. Making the german people themselves, victims and eliminating freedom in germany 11 and democracy in establishing a ruthless dictatorship. And then having done that, thats the conspiracy then committing the crimes that they did in the name of the german people. There was skepticism in the halls of the us supreme court. It was fear the trials could become something of an internationally sanctioned lynch mob. Initially, federal judge, Robert Jackson wasnt a supporter of the trials. But when asked by president harold truman, he willingly took on the task of organizing them. He saw it as a unique opportunity to develop new International Laws that would outlaw war once and for all. Jackson hears from all of his peers and friends and contacts in the government in the bar, even colleagues on the supreme court. And he encounters a lot of skepticism from all of those people, skepticism about the precedent and the law on which this task can occur. Skepticism about the time and difficulty of accomplishing this skepticism about the benefits at the end of the process. In terms of justice, in terms of deterrents. For jackson, the focus wasnt on the crime of the holocaust, but on the military, aggression of hitler and his accomplices. In his view, the attacks on poland and the soviet union made a mockery of the principle that so far in states have the right to wage war. The war making was not illegal justified in making it. And jackson felt that this was a woman that the time had come for the law to take a step forward. This was the right time and the right place for people to express the idea which was fundamental to jackson. That war making itself is the Supreme International crime and aggression. Aggressive war should be condemned as a crime and convinced that we have an opportunity to break away. Just judge those who have thought it safe to wage a relative on may 23rd, 1945, the puppet government of grand, admiral dune, its in flensburg, was dissolved and its members arrested. The allies were compiling lists of wanted nazi figures. Gradually, the net was closing around the 3rd reich. Slade is nonsi. Germanys most prominent anti semite trying to pretend to be a painter in bavaria. But he was recognised by chance by a us officer. Robert ly. The head of the german labor front had grown a beard to avoid detection, but that didnt get him very far. The arrested nazi leaders were taken to the bad mundo of internment camp in luxembourg. The americans compared the detainees in the former palace hotel to garbage. Calling it camp ash can cameron gurning was among 86 3rd reich dignitaries, held prisoner and interrogated in bad monday off. He reportedly said that this might have been an appropriate way to treat what he called historical personages, but only he was really big enough to face judgment. It was a sentiment that hitlers other ministers, military and Party Leaders probably wouldnt have objected to. On june 22nd, investigators processed him and during just like any other suspected criminal in bad mando off the drug addicted ranks. Mashal was made to stop using morphine and soon regained his old strength. Those from the former reich, government of khaldoon. It didnt recognize his claim to leadership. American lead prosecutor, Robert Jackson completed his preparations in washington and then flew to london. Jackson wanted to convince the allies of his vision of an International Court while avoiding any appearance that the victors were abusing their power. Meanwhile, his team was sifting through evidence. He finds out that theres no case ready to go, and that theres really not very much evidence connected to individuals. Its one thing to have a general sense of atrocities and misconduct at the governmental level, but a prosecutor needs individual specific items of evidence, witnesses, documents, etc. To go forward into court. Investigators in berlin were making progress on that front. They discovered that the germans had documented many