People depend on the rivers that originate in the ballot mountains to protect the rivers from drying up the National Park must be safe the question is how. The. Water is life but in many parts of ethiopia there simply isnt enough of it. Most of the people here are farmers. Many still work with the simplest of tools and bland suitable for farming and grazing is scarce. Ethiopia is among the most populous countries on earth more than 100000000 people live here and that number increases by around 2500000 every year if the growth rate remains constant the population could double by 2050. Ethiopia is part of the horn of africa its a country of High Mountain peaks in the south the ban a National Park protects the afro alpine biome its not only home to many rare species of plants and animals its also the source of several rivers that flow through so malia to the indian ocean providing millions of people with water. The ban the mountains are the Water Reservoir for the whole region since 2004 at the Frankfurt Zoological Society has been helping to preserve the National Park the societys director coast of shank has come to see what the situation is like on the ground he knows how important this area is. For non jewish im told be used to be able to ship to file diversity as an evenly spread on our planet in 80 percent of species are found on just 20 percent of the earths surface the reason we just have to protect the right places for the gums british the most important parts are the socalled hot spots as these are regions where the earth secular abundance of the sixtys and beautiful ones that only exist in those regions for more on these hot spots are shrinking in the courts but one is the afro alpine region including the ball a mountain of the culture been a good girl. Most of the region is covered by forest one of the last intact expanses a forest in the whole of ethiopia its enormously important as a habitat for plants and animals as well as providing a balanced climate and water supply. Ancient juniper and caso trees are habitat for various herbivores including the extremely rare mountain eola this species of antelope is found only in the uplands of ethiopia. A mere 3000 mountainy alast still live in the wild most of them in bali National Park. Theres also a diverse host of Small Creatures its likely that there are reptiles and amphibians here that havent even been discovered yet. Scientists have identified about 1300. 00 flowering plants in many of which are only found here the diversity of species is encouraged by the climate. The High Mountains make for fertile cloud forests. Droplets collect on moss and lichen. They merge to form streams which in turn converge into mighty rivers supplying millions of people with water. Crystal shank is on his way to the National Parks headquarters. During the drive he struck by the extent to which human activity has changed the environment. The many cows are just one indication. The once clear water is stained brown by this oil its washing away. Because in your confused we dont see human influences here hold large numbers of livestock with massive over use of the land on which their ocean caused by trample and grazing over there is also erosion caused by the water behind me are nonnative eucalyptus trees the landscape is totally changed and in very Poor Condition especially to stumps. Ethiopias wealth of nature disappeared from here a long time ago many children dont know their country any other way. As often happens the weather in the mountains is about to change. The hailstorm in the ethiopian highlands. The landscape has been consistently damaged by humans and extreme weather like this only makes things worse. Lets visit this year just like peoples future is being washed away on foot but we associate ethiopia with drought and they are in conditions and those are on the increase but huge downpours are washing away the topsoil which is so important for agriculture so its getting harder and harder for people to farm because most at the same time of the population is growing makes that greatly increases the risk of people not being able to stay where they are not all that means they will be forced to migrate and those who make the youngest. Cost of shank continues on his way into the National Park. The women and men who work as rangers are waiting for him the director of the frankford Zoological Society offers them encouragement and knowledge you have to protect it and you are one lucky. That most of the staff come from the surrounding villages they work here because there arent many other Jobs Available and forcing the parks regulations often means coming into conflict with their neighbors. The Frankfurt Zoological Society is aware of the challenges the Global Organization provides the ethiopian authorities with Financial Support it also helps with the management of large scale wildlife sanctuaries. In the valley National Park is just under 2500 square kilometers there are a few roads and the rangers often patrol the reserve on horseback. And. This group of mounted rangers say that cows have been spotted in the middle of the park even though thats not allowed. The animals need to be rounded up. And of ethical. Even situations like these can easily escalate. From the grammys big hero to ethiopia seems such a peaceful country but theres quite a lot of conflict violent disputes are not uncommon that theres a strong conflict between using resources and the need to protect this department because it is in part to ships and the work is dangerous and by no means easy but its also extremely important thats why the french for do a Logical Society finances the patrols equipment and operations. The parks wildlife often has to tolerate domesticated visitors this time horses are grazing alongside the mountain eola. As reported there are also cattle on the plane. The domesticated animals have to be captured this happens time and time again. But. The rangers skillfully herd them together there are even a few sheep. On. The livestock compete with wild animals for food they can also transmit diseases. The intruders are not harmed just rounded up the cattle and sheep are extremely valuable for their owners the aim is to find an amicable solution for everyone. The rangers take the animals to a pan their owners can collect them after they pay a fine. Customs shank has arrived 1 in the morning one. Morning when i got the animals are still waiting to be reclaimed and. The livestock owner 1st has to pay his fine though it isnt too expensive. In the coastal shank and the staff do their best to explain why the park rules should be followed or fought for your children as well and also that is the conflict we are in now looking at the being of the other negative money part we dont get any benefit from the park little the only benefit is that well use water from the park i mean your daughter ok its important for the next generation but right now i dont get maybe. If it from the arctic i mean if you switch it off i dont have to get another. Place the farmer is finally able to collect his animals this time everything went smoothly but others arent always willing to comply. With. The metal finish question of the product we have just heard a farmer saying no we dont get any benefit from the park because the benefits arent there are studies about the old they might only become clear decades from now when the forest is gone and the water rushes through taking all the soil with it its mostly because thats what makes this so difficult but at the end of the day theres no easy solution because once our get to lose a. Game. On balance high plateau hosts of lush flame flowers cover the ground. Its also home to Something Else an extremely rare animal. The ethiopian wolf. Its the worlds rarest species of canada. There are now only around 500. 00 ethiopian wolves in the wild roughly half of them in ballarat the National Park has become the bastion for the survival of the species. In the end the animals were once widespread in the ethiopian highlands but theyve had to withdraw from humans more and more today they live and hunt at an altitude of 4000 metres. They cant retreat any higher and large tracts of the country have become virtually uninhabitable for them. Rodents are the wolves preferred prey and there are some splendid specimens up here like the giant mono rat which can weigh up to a kilogram. Easy opie and wolves hunt alone. But even up here in this remote part of our planet they still and counter domesticated animals. Because the wolves arent interested in cattle they dont come into conflict with the herders. But where there are cattle there are also dogs and they can transmit diseases like rabies. And one of the biggest problems the Park Administration has to deal with is the illegal settlements springing up in these last protective forests. The village every rock is located in the middle of the National Park the 1st touch here were tolerated but then people continued to build despite a ban on further expansion. Today really is a large permanent settlement around 500 families live here and it continues to grow. The welcome here isnt nearly as warm as it usually is in ethiopia has cost of shang wants to know how people today feel about the sanctuary. Many things for the future. Dont get anything for our future from the park. The conservationist wants to know more about the communitys needs. We need a better infrastructure like clean water and electricity. Even if the dangers of environmental destruction are known there are simply more pressing concerns for people here problems that need solutions today the benefits of keeping forests intact may take decades to be felt there was a lot of convincing to be done behind. The park people frank for people conservation people and we really have to find solutions. For the people and for the forest but its very clear. The mood remains tense even though such discussions are vital because everyone here depends on a functioning ecosystem a system that provides clean water and keeps the soil in the fields. Coast of saying now wants to get a report on the situation in the lowlands he goes to visit the head of the bonn and Mountain Conservation project. Nettles immediately explains how critical the situation is in the lowlands he has video from the border area between Southern Ethiopia and somalia this huge region is home to 12000000 people who are dependent on water from the mountains but more and more often the water isnt flowing. Livestock can survive long periods of drought and when the animals die people lose their source of food and income the rural population is being hit hardest some river beds are bone dry. Several factors are at play environmental degradation Climate Change and constant population growth the overall. Dulled is that people can no longer feed themselves. Living because they become dependent on help from the outside and when people no longer have enough to live on theyre forced to leave. New month for list comes on 101. 00 likes to leave their homeland but whats happening here is the start of a huge migration flow that could reach as far as europe so investments in conservation and in the mountains water system is vital its a much better investment than having to face big problems later on in the form of huge waves of refugees the 2nd. In order to stay people need prospects and they cant be founded on the destruction of nature. One such opportunity is growing coffee plant flourishes amid the alpine forests. The wild growing coffee plant originates in ethiopia no wonder the country has a long coffee drinking tradition its always prepared fresh and instead of a quick cup on the go theres an elaborate ceremony involved. From Ethiopia Coffee conquered the world today its an Industry Worth billions but farmers here dont see much of the profits. Me in. Any store and you know the whole part i buy coffee at a bargain price from a Discount Store in europe only a tiny part of the money goes to the coffee farmer its important for coffee farmers to be paid a decent price was otherwise they switched to illegal farming they clear trees and grow coffee in the National Parks like here in the mountains of course. Thats disastrous so in a global sense bargain prices are actually no bargain at all and. In fact money can be earned from coffee thats why illegal cultivation is flourishing. Once again the park rangers are on patrol they come across an illegal logging camp wood is in high demand for construction or as fuel for cooking and eating. The rangers spot Something Else coffee what looks like a natural clearing is an illegal Coffee Plantation in the rain forest coffee grows well in the shade of the forest canopy the undergrowth has been completely cleared to make way for the plantation. And in part will come from the villages and plant coffee bushes in the park they wait 3 or 4 years for the bushes to ripen and then harvest them but they also come to clear the vegetation 2 or 3 times a year as that has a big effect and its illegal to retain. The rangers make sure there wont be any coffee harvested here. Another source of income is found in the tree tops only brave and skillful climbers like is male abdul qadeer can reach these giddy heights he uses a sophisticated technique to work his way up using ropes that he tightens with his own body weight he often climbs to a height of 30 meters all without professional climbing equipment or protective gear. This is his livelihood is male a dual cuddyer is a beekeeper. He 1st has to drive the bees away with smoke. They can be incredibly aggressive. Hes placed around 50 beehives in the tree tops up here he says these are more likely to accept the hives and theyre harder for honey badgers to reach. If all goes well he can harvest from each beehive twice a year but for that to be possible the bees need lots of flowers and a florist in forest only then will they produce enough honey for him. Its a tough job but it provides an income that fits with the interests of the National Park. Todays climb has yielded 3 kilograms of honey and around 100. 00 be stangs these days he hardly notices them for the them or for that and this is my job i go to the money our money our government our. I for them what it is for my children for school it is. For clothes for everything. Living sustainably with the forest can work but many people are seeking more opportunities for development. Population growth is also putting pressure on the system children grow up to establish families of their own and Everyone Wants a Better Future but how best to achieve that is conservation the way to meet those needs. And. Youd think that in developing countries like in the o. P. O. The most important thing would be to build schools hospitals roads to develop markets altitude but unless we succeed in conserving nature and the climate and the water supply none of that will be needed and bossa holds out hope because people will no longer be living where they live today you know probably incredible shortly. The situation in the bali mountains is an example of a dilemma affecting many regions of africa theres too little space for both wildlife and humans. The battle over the last remaining natural areas is getting more intense. Competition for dwindling resources is growing. Thats why illegal settlements continue to spread in the National Park in places where just a short time ago there was nothing but dense rain forest. Endangered species have nowhere to go and. In many places they live on virtual islands amid a sea of destruction. Ethiopia is home to unique creatures found nowhere else on earth. If they were to disappear the world would keep turning but the loss of any single species shows that ecosystems are no longer functioning as they should. And the fundamentals of clean water fresh air and fertile soil are things that we humans depend on to. Believe. Problematic powering lithium batteries we use this Precious Resource for almost everything in the 21st century but supplies are limited mining is harmful to the environment and recycling is complex and expensive how can lithium use become more effective and environmentally friendly to borrow to. 30 minutes on d w. Today im going to take your trip a little sex and wine ribs from tasting to my son right why my neighbor says im. 60 fun filled kilometers i just have to come to the 2nd one move its a small a wine region but its got a lot of history and culture cheers. To. Translate. Carefully you dont know the simple truth is to get. The edge. Discover the world. Subscribe to a documentary on you tube. It was the 1st International Tribunal in history. The nuremberg trials. 75 years ago high ranking officers of the nazi regime in the corner judging by the allied forces. Were the 1st war criminals to be held accountable for their crimes. Now come on. Going through paris really was right here in. Our 2 part series the 3rd reich the dog starts nov 12th on g. W. This is a deja vu use live from berlin static and solidarity. People across france alter the well liked history teacher who was beheaded after discussing cartoons of the muslim Prophet Muhammad with his class Prime Minister john kass text joined the crowd in paris. Human Rights Groups and opposition politicians in turkey raise concerns over the countrys volunteer Police Forces notice that she will have more to report later in the