Including reforms to ensure its own future relevance plus with wildfires ravaging california the amazon and other parts of the planet climate activists will be pushing the United Nations for concrete action on the environment scientists are on their side some high ranking politicians are not. Im sorry kelly welcome to the Program Countries across europe are scrambling to contain the corona virus pandemic after a surge in new infections british Prime MinisterBoris Johnson is expected to announce an early closing of bars and restaurants now targeted lockdowns took effect in spain on monday france has seen massive spikes and infections and increasingly full hospitals in germany of the city of new nick is stepping up its measures at. For becoming one of the countrys main hotspots masks will be compulsory in busy outdoor parts of the city center and authorities will further restrict public and private gatherings. In a normal year huge crowds of people would be packed into tents here in munich for october fast but the any tents here right now a temporary Coronavirus Testing Center is. Never seen it so empty but thats the way it is this year. Nearby in the city center things that are also set to change again as authorities tighten up corona restrictions really good thing i dont want to see to be the largest coronavirus hotspots in germany anymore told the truth. Last week munich exceeded a critical threshold for the number of new cases so from thursday people will have to wear masks in popular Public Places including at this square. Coming up no i think its ok he says its unavoidable hopefully people comply with it despite rising infections taverns across the city are opening their doors to drink is and trying to recreate the october fest atmosphere is the brainchild of musics have an onus an idea which is criticized from the get go. Its taps i wish you all a happy festival. 2 days later business is quiet at this in on the whole the boss of this tavern doesnt believe restaurants and bars are to blame for the rising number of infections. Because we have a code of conduct for the guests that people have to wear masks i could name 10 other things were doing i dont believe theres a safer place to eat or drink at the moment than that our restaurant. But photos like this taken at one of the citys marketplaces have shocks politicians in response authorities have reimposed social distancing rules only 5 people or 2 households will be allowed to meet meaning that celebrations will only be small affair as. And for more lets bring in now dale fischer he is the professor and Infectious Diseases at the National University of singapore and chair of the global outbreak alert and Response Network at the welcome to the program and thank you so much for joining us as we just heard there winter is coming to the Northern Hemisphere do you think countries are prepared thanks and thanks for having me back again its a funny question to be asking in september is not. Its really quite disappointing i guess to have these sort of numbers going into the colder months and as you just pointed out that there really need to be some things done to bring these numbers down or else youre going to be right back where where you were. In march and so what more do you think countries need to do in order to effectively cope with the virus going forward. Well theres nothing. Theres nothing fancy its all the same things that weve known about for a long time its a solution of cases and strict quarantining of of contacts we should be able to do much more efficient contact try saying now using technology that is many. Apps and also safe entry type devices so that you can even track where people look plain and you can identify people almost instant instantaneously now then the Community Needs to to work very closely in how many government has to my good decisions and that trust needs to be to be there or needs to be strong and and the strategy needs to be communicated very clearly weve always said from the beginning that the the the answer lies with the community because the transmissions in the community so. Getting all those influences of different language different languages different educational levels different age groups the message needs to be sent by a lot of different mechanisms and the other thing which we we didnt know at the beginning of this outbreak was the effectiveness of mosques and across. Across asia you really dont see people not Wearing Masks when you were speaking earlier and correct me if im wrong but one could almost hear the dismay in your voice that you know its temper and were going into the fall in the winter with numbers like its just if you could walk us through the scenario if the numbers stay as they are right now what kind of fall and winter could we expect in the Northern Hemisphere. Well with large numbers of cases depending only on age group theres a percentage number of people that will become severely unwell now we know in the elderly thats thats much more common props in 80 year olds of my view about 15 percent but it but even to even 40 year olds even if its if its one in a 1000 movie comes of the ileum well once you start to get thousands of people in their fortys getting disease then you will get many people in hospital and dying and the risk is of overwhelming your Health Systems because because everybody or most people still not immune most people are still vulnerable to this so you we know what happens if a we mustnt have short memories we must remember how those those horrible months what happened what happened in the north of italy what happened spying. And im sure many parts of germany id like to ask you just briefly at the 4 week out in september a lot of schools reopened talk with us a little bit more about where you know the science is right now when it comes to children and the spread of infection because a lot of parents out there theyre concerned. Well its the rule of thumb is that children generally dont get sick now we know this is many exceptions to that. We also dont believe children are major spreaders of the virus but of course they can be but the very mild illness is possibly less likely to cause bread we also know that theres a lot of harm from not going to school and thats not a sustainable option we have to work out just like anything how to live with the virus how to conduct School Safely how to open restaurants safely out to go to church safely how to observe sports because this isnt going on this isnt going to be over quickly and and the interruptions the to the to society to their families and friends to the economy just has to be something that we manage better and just having other lockdowns or letting massive spread where hospitals people by fisher professor and Infectious Diseases at the National University of singapore and chair of the global outbreak alert and Response Network at the w. H. O. We thank you so much for joining us here on shaker expertise my pleasure. And lets have a look at some developments in the corona virus pandemic now the Us Public Health body the c. D. C. Has withdrawn guidance saying that fine aerosol particles floating in the air may spread the virus there were traction has sparked concern of political interference mexico past 700000 confirmed corona virus cases but Officials Say that the overall infection rate is still slowing down and new zealand recorded 0 new corona virus infections on tuesday there are now only 61. 00 registered active cases in the country. World leaders join to mark the 75th anniversary of the un on monday the head of the start of the Un General Assembly is general debate later today the ongoing coronavirus pandemic is posing major challenges for this years event the Organization Secretary general calls for greater Global Cooperation a major countries of the uns host nation the United States are more often acting on their own. Facing what some have coal to crisis of confidence the un mocked 75th anniversary response crowd in new york gathered to celebrate the milestone moment with the coronavirus pandemic largely forcing the event online striking a positive tarn the uns chief praised the Organization Success of the last 7 decades matt hardy more than he used to be if weve gone so many years weve got that military confrontation between the measure. These are going to be achievement which Member States can be paroled and which he must always strive to preserve. The uns most goodwrench the Security Council though faced heavy criticism often paralyzed by vetoes and disagreements german chancellor Angela Merkel said the council needs to adapt to stay relevant. Through the United Nations can only be as effective as its members are united. You really council is all too often deadlocked when clear divisions are required before we need reforms the u. N. Must continue to develop in order to muster the global challenges of the 21st century. Country the United States says for the most part the un has been a successful experiment but theres also a cause for concern. The United Nations has for too long been resistant to meaningful reform too often lucky and transparency and too vulnerable to the agenda of autocratic regimes and dictatorships. As the un faces questions over whether it is still fit for purpose many feel its the right time to assess its strengths and shortcomings. Tell us more were joined here in the studio by the chief Political Editor of. The us and 75 years what shape is it. Well its a very difficult say both and right now and we saw antonio going terrace you was the former u. N. High commissioner for refugees hes very much aware that some 80000000 people are fleeing from conflict and violence around the world the same time we see that u. N. Members cant even need top to argue over the very key issues like the pandemic that so should be uniting them but 75 years i mean lets look at what the mission was that it set out with and if you look at the u. N. Charter boat in my old law book here. We the peoples of the United Nations are determined to save succeeding generations from the scorch of war while the un was. And able to prevent many individual was in several continents but world war through 3 didnt happen and that was the low point of humanity when the United Nations after the 2nd world war was founded and it was the starting point for International Law for the very human rights standards all of mass to one of these key text books that countries refer to people can individual revert to and that are still being broken around the world but at least everyone is on the same page and what they aspire to in the end and this is very much being questioned at this very moment in time as we saw that u. S. President donald trump didnt even send his own message she sent his acting u. N. Ambassador to make that statement there and that of course raised a lot of questions how big the commitment of the key powers actually still is and amid those questions we we have a call we saw there in our piece from the german chancellor Angela Merkel shes calling for members to act more united to who were her comments directed well she deliberately didnt direct them to anybody in particular but clearly the United States as a key member meant at that very moment in time because the u. N. Is also celebrating on the very day where we see a standoff between the United States and effectively the United Nations over the issue give iran the u. S. Says it will now invoke sanctions once again on iran over a breach of the very treaty that prevents them from developing Nuclear Weapons at the same time you see germany france and britain say look you left this treaty you cant really invoke them and we have the u. N. Leaders sitting on the fence the u. N. Secretary general who terrorist saying he cant decide its a complex issue so were seeing how International Power is being played out and what should be. The Clearing House for the kind of conflicts. The one arena where there can be arguments but there wont be any consequence internationally and certainly no violence no move was emanating from that this is not quite as certain as it was only a few decades ago and we see china we saw cheating ping also send a message now calling for more multilateralism at the same time as china playing that very powerful game so the un is still its more necessary than ever but its not functioning that we were out of the talk its important to see what the action though is the chief Political Editor michel thank you so much. Well in conjunction with this weeks gathering at the u. N. Climate activists are getting together to push politicians on the climate of urgency scientists are clear on the impact of manmade Global Warming and populations around the world are being affected. Ravaged by fire large swathes along the west coast of the United States have been devastated this years wildfire season has been one of the worst ever more than 11000 square kilometers of forest and towns have been reduced to ash and rubble entire communities have gone up in smoke all of a sudden the mountains were just a boy a few days ago you know which way. To the east and i wasnt worried about it. All of a sudden it just came across without any warning i couldnt believe. In brazil to the number of fires in the wetlands of ponce anon more than doubled in the 1st half of 2020 compared with last year. Then there is bought a guy could crater in the Siberian Arctic around a kilometer wide and 100 meters deep its been created by the melting permafrost when organic matter melts it releases Greenhouse Gases into the atmosphere and that speeds up Global Warming. The. On a small scale the processes we are seeing with crater are happening everywhere where ice melts under ground the ground subsides thats taking place to look at someone people look at that but i took crater they can see the perfect example of why you shouldnt joke about the permafrost. Rising temperatures caused by the Climate Crisis are leading to more drought the result is more and more intense wildfires grounded planes and nearly shuttered industry because of covert 19 saw daily Carbon Dioxide emissions fall globally by 17 percent in april compared with 2019 but levels are now increasing again experts say action is needed now. But i think theres also a chance if its not all the right measures are being taken if we invest into solutions Renewable Energy sustainable transport that we can avoid getting back to the previous levels but this requires political will with the activists and climate advocates do to take part in 20 twentieths biggest climate event this week in new york theyll want to kick start that elusive political will. And we are joined now by stefan rahms tough climate scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate ImpactResearch Welcome to the program and thank you for joining us what kind of action do you hope this years climate week will generate. Well the action very much depends on the National Governments the un has basically done what it can do by reaching the paris climate agreement and the action we need now is that every government actually implements the paris climate is going to end and unfortunately we are seeing that only by very few countries that they have sufficiently ambitious plans and actions and what were also seeing i mean we saw the images in our piece a bit earlier were seeing climate events so for example california going up in flames some people still arguing that its a weather phenomenon due to bad forestry put put these events into the broader context for us what is your answer to people who say that. Well its becoming ever more clear that extreme events are. Made a lot worse by Climate Change and in terms of the wildfires its something the Intergovernmental Panel has warned long ago and its reports that these would increase as it gets hotter as it gets dry and in some regions of the world and its really a no brainer that there is in the mountains wildfire and on the other hand we have more extreme rainfall events as well its basic physics because of warming atmosphere can take up more moisture and then rain it down we have more devastating heat waves and the sea levels are rising satellite data show that. Im getting stronger something that has also been long predicted by Climate Science because these tropical storms get their energy from warm. Ocean temperatures and they are of course increasing of course with every extreme