A lot of fear thanks to medical progress and doctors like me a lot has changed and improved some call bill in the city of positives on the one hand there are a lot of people tested hiv positive and on the other hand they treat it with the highest medical standards and thats very positive but how can one lead a normal life with a potentially deadly virus and how can we protect ourselves from being infected and will we be able to defeat the virus one day im talking about this today with a chevy researcher hendricks stick with meeting at the famous Journey Museum of technology in berlin. And you brought great news to bill and with you because it seems that there might be an examination against hiv well its a little bit too early to say probably are going to have a vaccine but there are currently 2 studies running to see. The potential big scene might work all of them have been tested in humans that are safe and using immune responses and this is looks like really good data at the same time they have been tested in the monkeys and in particular one of them shows in monkeys that really high i think is the which suggests or gives the hope that this might actually also work in humans but we will only know in 2021 or 2022 those results and then we will know if youre going to have a vaccine on it and if there will be a vixen will it be affective and safe well. For clinical studies we normally 1st test and that has been done for that vaccine the 1st test its going to be safe so all these studies have been performed and all of those studies have shown that these vaccines that are currently on the development of totally safe there are minor complications sometimes like for any back seen or any action like for example some rash at the site of injections but this is totally normal so right now the its no big seen but there is something called print which is the pretext poser profile texas which can prevent hiv infection so could you please explain the difference between those 2 well so that preexposure prophylaxis a pretty new development of preventing hiv infection and its really a good and efficacious tool that we have so if its taking daily and correctly we have to be at preventing each of the infection in over 95 percent so this is the medication its a chemo profile axis that has to be taking every day if its seen as basically injection that trains the immune system like a soccer team to combat the virus and comes in so its basically training on the one inside the immune system on the other hand youre giving a medication to prevent infection thanks for now well continue to talk in just a moment and ill be back. Unfortunately we have to wait a little longer for an explanation against hiv and until then we have to protect ourselves against infection in other ways in 1903 and educational pamphlet was published in the us its titled how to have sex in an epidemic or use the word sex on international t. V. In this publication the term safer sex was used for the 1st time or say for sex this was the year of 1983 i was 12 Years Old Program until today there are 3 problems reservations ignorance misinformation activists fighting for Sex Education by various means. The home hes majesty the king of condoms. We join him in his kingdom. In the kenya africas largest appen slauson. This is my kingdom is my territory this is my icon mia i really didnt. Want to call. Up roach. I didnt is to engage the community to love. Them. And i think on the whole. That indeed still good is from the i do the most ritual so we gotta. From the most literal everybody we pick depending to the need or want and need want one thing is that. The king of condoms started advocating for sex and the importance of using condoms after high school after losing a close friend to a change stanley decided that honest and open conversations about hiv with as many people as possible to draw peoples attention here is this i catch him out. This is very attractive and its also make me feel proud that im the king and im able to interact with people in a very good level at a low level the high level coming from the slums its very uplifting to to them. In the last 2 decades hiv infections in kenya have decreased by hard going is issues like l v c t health who supply the king of condoms with well condoms have helped steer these efforts however 5. 6 percent of the population still carries the virus and recently and you worrying trend has a much to. Do weve noticed that now among the new infections theres an increased number among young people generally so here were talking about age about 15 to 24 years who are at highest risk of infection in poor settlements like kibera infections among young people particularly on the right. I came to realize that these are charting. Again because the same goals when you ask them why why what happened theyll tell me i was ideas man you vote for me being you started being me then too he started doing this and present this man was talking of them. Thinking of condoms and his project supply girls with green farming and legitimize so that they can sell the crops even the small income helps young girls become independent and less likely to engage in and say 18 year old lexi from idea is part of the project and part of an evening with a farming bag. They dont have to depend to those my new. Smoke. Activities so that you can get some money to buy. Your food. Their confidence their courage to say no i cant support myself taking of condoms moves on to continue he still. Mission to protect his kingdom kibera i can tell you to. Use an African Mission and the 70 percent of people living. Here in africa the power on that simple thing called the times. Military victory i believe we need somebody who could now mark where he to be to be. When quizzed. In the 1980 s. In a chevy infection was basically a death sentence especially terrible for children who are infected by their mothers during birth today things are different the virus can be kept in check with specific medication and the ones deadly disease aids cannot break out those who are treated with those drugs in time. Have practically a normal Life Expectancy many people have been living with a virus for years some of them since birth. The fact that she has been booked knows even walking along here today is not something she takes for granted shes coming up for her 35th birthday and no one neither her family nor her doctors told that she would live this long. This for me i am there for so much im going way beyond the Life Expectancy they predicted for me were told that i would only live to the age of 4 and a half so every year is one more year that i not only survived but also experienced often an early. Putin is thought to be the person whos lived with the longest in all of europe her parents were both drug addicts and hiv positive she contract a different birth her parents both died and she was raised by her grandmother her life revolved around doctors appointments and heavy medication. In the small towns sharon grew up and she was ostracized not even accepted into kindergarten she was very lonely. My grandmother tried to compensate for all of the loneliness i felt there were a lot of experiences that i missed out on experiences you get from being in a group. Its still like that today and of course i also dont have that special friend from childhood who knows you better than anyone. Hiv is part of her daily life even so she even managed to finish school and train as a medical technical assistant. Sharon has been treated for the past 15 years by Christoph Stefan a senior physician at Frankfurt University hospital he conducts research in the field of hiv medicine and says great progress has been made. So its a target these days we have very many different therapies and quite a few single tablet therapies available that that means a combination therapy mixed into one pill so the patient takes one pill. Nowadays sharon also only takes one tablets a day. In the past she had to take up to 40 over the years she hadnt known her doctor have developed a Good Relationship and even hold educational events together at the university aimed specifically at young people as friends and which is when the shooting thats schizoid it was really brave of sharing to be so vocal and open to give advice and talk about her personal experience and what its like. It was interesting hearing things from her point of view really impressive and. Even in the most difficult times she had never lost heart she continued to set yourself new goals such as participating in the birdland morrow to this here and im now 34 and im now slowly understanding who i am and feel more at peace with myself and of course nowadays the illness doesnt play the same role as it used to im ill longer struggling to survive each day. These days she has one main goal to simply enjoy life to its fullest. The United Nations originally wanted to get rid of aids by the year 2020 and they failed so they got a new deadline right now at 2030 so what is slowing us down in the fight against aids well the fight against aids is basically treatment of all individuals that are. Positive the problem with this is you need to have therapies so you need to have funding to actually treat everybody who is in fact that at the same time you also have to test everyone who or might be a hippie infected and because of stigma and discrimination people do not like to get. Hiv so you have basically 2 problems on the one inside a lack of funding to treat everyone and the on the other hand like stick man describing. Nation that prevents individuals from being tested unlike in western europe or in the United States and africa is made by hatred transmission so what must be done to reduce numbers. So this test and treat is actually a very powerful tool of what we have so because we know that individuals that are hiv positive end up being treated the against. First of all they have an almost normal Life Expectancy then individual the hiv negative but more importantly they cannot transmit hiv to another person this treatment as prevention or tough abbreviated is really powerful and thats a message that needs to go to out there because people should get tested and treated because they have a longer Life Expectancy and they cannot transmit hiv to another person theres still a lot of misinformation in this role and. So what are the biggest obstacles holding us back in the treatment i think one of the biggest obstacles the people are afraid of getting tested against hiv. Theres so much fear and stigma and discrimination surrounding age that individuals would rather like to die of aids than actually being tested but knowing that the person is not infectious that undetectable virus means that the virus cannot be transmissible undetectable equals an transmissible is so powerful this is the message that needs to get out and condoms a very see very effective very cheap why do we need Something Like a prick the preexposure prophylaxis anyway well condoms are just not for everyone some people do not want to take condoms as they have problems with their direction taking a condom but at the same time for example the woman may not be. They are husband or their partner. That he is taking a quantum so these are all factors in the individual might want to have another prevention methods and for those individuals the preexposure prophylaxis as an individual lies chemotherapy against hiv infection is a really powerful to think so much of this talk right now you continue talking just a moment unprotected sex is the most common way for the virus to be transmitted from person to person for a long time there were only 2 ways to protect yourself from being infected abstinence. And condoms but today theres prep the pre exposure profile axis dr streak just explained how it works prep is made to help reduce the virus will delight. New york for such itself the goal of drastically reducing the number of fresh hiv infections untrue vata tablets have proven to be an effective. Damon jacobs has been taking to vote every morning for 3 years the medication protects him against h. I. V. Infection the tablets have been available in the u. S. As an aids prophylactic since 2012 and theyre covered by Health Insurance studies say it offers 99 percent immunity against hiv. When i was using condoms it always felt like a status was dependent on somebody else it is a really important part of my daily routine starting the day cleaning like im in control i have agency im not going to be hiv positive today. Truvada was originally developed to treat hiv infections if the medication is taken as a preventive measure its known as prep short for preexposure prophylaxis. Is part of new york sandy aid strategy its been responsible for a complete reversal in the number of new infections. Howard grossman as a doctor and activist who also takes prep if everybody who is at risk of infection goes on crap and everybody who is a tiny positive gets treatment and access to treatment and effective treatment then in one generation this epidemic ends without a back seat without a cure or without anything else and this is the 1st time that weve ever been able to say that person really has a prep user daemon jacobs has to have a blood test every 3 months the medication has no side effects for most people but those with kidney disorders or osteoporosis arent allowed to take it since prep was introduced in 2012 the number of users has risen by 500 percent and infection rates are falling damon jacobs has set up a website to publicize truvada more widely. I spoke to a friend of mine about prep and he was like i wish she would have told me that im already positive that broke my heart so that is when i started a Facebook Group devoted to prep. Theres also some drastically needed change afoot in new yorks bronx district n. H. I. The hot spot homosexuality is still a to blue subject amongst many communities Certain Health centers offer anonymous a hiv tests like Nonprofit Organization boom health hiv primarily infects young people aged 13 to 21 Health Targets its message to high risk groups like Homeless People sex workers drug addicts and the partners of people with hiv its workshops teach these young people about h i v prophylaxis. I think one of the biggest stigma is about. The people how is that its marketed as a gauge of like its something that can be used for everyone all types of identity you know sexual. Boom health young clients talk about why people dont use condoms they like going to parties having fun and those situations happened or didnt we know about some people through the station. Or say somebody need to feel ok we would call. He doesnt want to. Do it. Proponents claim that people who dont use condoms wouldnt take the tablet consistently either room health says thats just prejudice its people like you who continue to create stigma and the fact that people can always come out because of their Sexual Identity or come out to their families about wanting to take a medication such as prep its the fear that youre instilling in them the latest studies do indeed show that people take prep reliably even though no more than 25 percent of young people in the us use condoms. Instead of trying to force people. Do something theyre not going to do and shame them in that process what prep allows us to do is to meet people where their. Us aids activists fought for a long time to get prepped licensed and marketed their commitment to safe countless people from an infection. In many countries the situation for the patients is very depressing theres hardly any counseling and not enough medication and those who are affected stigmatized and criminalized like in russia there the diseases has stopped and those who stand up for their rights can get into trouble the situation is especially dramatic for infected children. The day begins at 7 am at the Childrens Home in the russian city of chelyabinsk. Everyone knows what to do. The same the same dosage and even. 4 she poisoned girls between the ages of 4 and 17 live here the ones who are hiv positive called. The ones who were negative me go seeking. The one we have and years ago the hiv positive kids lived in a separate area. The safe is how covering white down there were no carpets. The dishes were soaked in basin was full of disinfectant though. It was very difficult to create a welcoming environment for these children. And took 6 years before almost off came to accept and respect them. Much. These days. It is all play and live together in this unique Childrens Home. Theyre all growing up without a paddle. They know that theyre not at risk of being infected by the hiv positive kids even if one of them has an injury. The youngest always supervised by a caregiver. The older ones know that the hiv virus is fragile and immediately dies when it comes into contact with that huge. Loss. Of my friend sleeps in my room. Hiv positive one day before i knew about it he said i have to tell you something. I thought at 1st i was scared but then he explained how you get infected since then everything has been fine i treat him just like anybody else. 1st of the plough seeking have hiv positive parents many of whom are alcoholics or drug addicts and no longer have custody of their children some of them arent even aware that their children are here at aqua r. L. The kids are well cared for and in a safe place they learn early on how to live responsibly and calmly with their infection they cope better than some adults. About the one time my little ones were to summer camp on the 1st evening while they were having a bath the come direct to put his head around the door hesitantly unpaired at the children sickly might have for years or 2 had. On another occasion a colleague asked me you know you know what they fought to supply you with hiv i said lock him in the cellar she was confused what do you think i said just let him play with the other group. In the evening the children follow the same familiar routine as always the same meds the same dosage day in day out. Quite a few of the kids here have learning disabilities because of their mothers Substance Abuse before or during pregnancy. That will make life even tougher for them compounded in the social stigma that can still attached to those who are hiv positive. All the more important then for them to be able to grow up with people who accept them as they are and give them the care they need. Its most of the c