know the region of the world produces crude oil as cheaply as the gulf states. it's a wealth of trouble from the ground for a long time to come. bought demand could dry up earlier than supply as a former saudi oil minister warned in 2002 the stone age didn't end because the world ran out of stones. the god states have started to react they're investing in sustainable construction. boosting the tourism industry. promoting education for young people. and they're finally starting to you. there are abundant solar energy. in. saudi arabia owes its wealth to oil but that doesn't mean everyone in the country is rich the biggest country in the gulf lacks jobs and education. religious doctrine still governs much of everyday life. during prayer as business comes to a standstill. the car but the royal house is making changes saudi vision 2030 is a plan to keep living standards stable even if oil prices sink or demand falls. but saudi arabia's own energy consumption is extremely high. and instead of using the sun they fight against it in saudi arabia in the summer months 70 percent of their electricity is spent for cooling. the young generation will need even more energy more than half of the population is under $25.00. youth unemployment is high. there's a lack of private employers and training especially for women. some $33000000.00 people live in the kingdom of saudi arabia $20000000.00 a saudi citizen its national revenue is around $180000000000.00 u.s. dollars 87 percent of that comes from oil. this international team is researching the future of solar energy they're developing solar energy collectors in every imaginable for him tiny power plants. de oberon heads the team she's turkish holds a ph d. from germany and is a researcher here in saudi arabia. the team's truly sensational invention doesn't look like much at 1st glance. i've shown you're actually a break to a technology that can make any window into a solar panel so what we're seeing here is we're able to generate electricity from windows with some special coatings on top off but it's still visible to your eyes like any other window. so our technology actually offer is a. a great platform where you can make any building a power generation yourself. the solar window is one of many painted technologies from couse to the king abdullah university of science and technology it was founded by a former saudi king as a private university independent from the ministry of education the campus has its own rules and women aren't required to wear the abaya it's perhaps a taste of what some young saudis would like to see for the future of their country . the solar power research center has adapted its architecture to the extremely hot climate there is shaded skylights and a pedestrian area to provide natural ventilation and cooling the design since the message that the future is about to change. a professor in mcculloch is the center's director. he worked at the renowned imperial college london until 2014 a few of his students joined him when he moved here the couse team says the facilities here a unique part of the university is largely financed by a foundation which gives the researches more financial security. and freedom for female researches women are welcomed as colleagues here. in the street like fashion. i laughed at this ryssdal that's because 1st time when i was 16 years old when i 1st studies studied chemistry already that i just liked it so much and i fell in love with it so in that time i decided to discover more and more about chemistry and go deep into. we're trying to create materials that absorb the light from the sun or from indoors absorbed boy in primarily from the sun and then we can use that to start a chemical reaction and then the chemical reaction we create hydrogen in this case from water just cold water splitting so creating hydrogen allows you to create a storable energy source so this could be a potential product replacement for a bottle of oil could be a big so and of hydrogen. or yield to hydrogen would be a radical switch perhaps the next generation will make it a reality. and the hope of course is that they will be able to play a prominent role in some of the larger more influential so the companies of the future so i think that we are educating to some extent the elite of this so the. student population coast is a model that hopefully in the future is going to be replicated through superior. koski also has daycare facilities which helps contribute to the research environment in a country that is seeking to lessen its dependence on oil. a mother who works full time is still an exception in saudi arabia. the. record i heard. i both have our daily tasks. the things we do for each other the household and family. it's worked out well so far thank god. there are difficulties and challenges. just but sure how did her bachelor's when we were already married and got excellent results were here with the always on our dream is even bigger well she wants to achieve more and of course i have to help her. the 3 of them live on campus even their l. works in mecca a 2 hour journey away he commutes so that his wife can continue researching the technology that could help secure the country's future. but there's a big obstacle to overcome in replacing oil with solid power and that's dust. in the desert state of saudi arabia there are more than 3000 sunlight hours a year and almost no rain the dust coats the equipment and reduces efficiency. so that stated we can lose 2030 percent of the output power so we need to be removing it and ideally more moving every day because then you don't get that layering effect of the dust right now it's super layered on i mean this is this is quite a stiff bristle brush. it starts to come off. a stray an inventor george eitel who has set up his company nomad based on the idea of brushing the dust off instead of rinsing it saudi engineer ahmed out of sorry is a member of the chain he's also been getting frustrated about the effect of dust on solid modules. surprisingly i never knew that the there is one person in the field that actually take tackling the same issue that was the in the actual customer arrays and say ok this is a problem that needs to be solving no one is doing a great job it's all in it i would like to join your team and become one of the main problems or one of the biggest challenges that face this whole industry. this salute. shin is an electric brush with very fine bristles it constantly sweeps the dust away so it can't stick. to. the. council provided a fellowship that brought computer engineer jimmy well back from the us. i do not imagine myself staying in saudi long term and the. idea of change more recently coming to coast seeing how things are changing in a direction that i appreciate that i like. usable. in the past we have seen problems to be as something to be avoided or ignored rather than opportunities to be embraced and this is a cultural mindset not just in the middle east but worldwide if we're honest but what we're seeing now is is a reevaluation of the problems that exist like that and a new way to address them. are mad and jamila trying to reconcile innovation with the country's traditions. thinking that has a lot of young people and has a lot of people that want to see the kingdom change and that doesn't mean their tradition just gone that it means that things can exist at the same time. through. an investment would also help saudi make the break from oil. but the 2018 investors conference in the capital riyadh attracted far fewer western guests than it did the year before. saudi arabia's relationship with europe and the u.s. has been strained since the brutal murder of a saudi journalist business activity is deeply affected by political events especially in this part of the world. saudi arabia is going out of its way to bring in investment. to king abdul industrial valley promises foreign investors low rents low energy costs and hardly any tax still the response has been muted thus far. there are plans to build an ultra modern city next to the industrial area for up to 2000000 residents. there's even a golf course already. in. a huge industrial port is under construction and another city several times bigger than this one is being planned for the north of the country to entice investors. slowly but surely the country is starting to realize that oil alone won't keep it going forever. the saudi arabia's regional rival is its neighbor cutter a much smaller country but with a similarly powerful economy to its huge natural gas reserves. in several middle eastern countries cut diplomatic ties with carter in september 2017 following allegations of financing terrorism. qatar is reacted with patriotism and assurance that they would men. just fine without their powerful neighbors my good workers keep the true tare economy going. the means vision for the future is to have more private enterprise that doesn't depend on gas and to foster a highly educated population. 2.6000000 people live in the emirate of qatar. 240008 citizens. national revenue is around $45000000000.00 u.s. dollars 76 percent of that comes from natural gas. other was blessed with natural resources as well as its very centric position in the middle east and in the middle of the world if you wish so not only in the foreign policy but when it comes to the for example the scene of education as created the education city which is serving as an educational heart for the entire region. qatar has brought international universities and think tanks into the country including the brookings institution from the u.s. . qatar has identified like the knowledge economy and education sector as r.k. components of it so versification little cottage early there has been a very good space to have intelligent independent dialogue and researchers and these organisations are allowed the space to be able to do the work that into their . the brookings institution has voiced some criticism of the country's economic policy. a large share of the national population is involved in government work they have government positions on their plate in government they have these the really high salaries short working hours job security. these are all very good things well when a country starts talk with the need to diversify it's usually free to the 1st official the private sector so i think in general. we need to encourage this entrepreneurial spirit in our process involves risk taking. the main driving force in the private sector is construction new buildings are going up everywhere. construction is also taking place underground the capital doha now has a metro system that will have 4 lines once complete. the 10s of thousands of people who work on these mega projects mainly come from abroad working conditions have improved following international criticism most of them are going to arrive with no training and learn on the job. these kinds of contracts and not attractive to skilled workers. tyreese are more likely to do administrative jobs and they still prefer to work for state owned companies rethinking old ways will take time in cata says a spokesman for the metro association. and then see that. you don't have the well it's a very new kind of transport system for cattle. so it'll take a while for people to realize that it's safe and environmentally friendly. to afford it and we worked with her for a metro will save time money and of course energy. saving energy and reducing the country's dependence on natural gas is at the forefront of the new sustainable city center of doha. this is the district of michigan rep named after the springs and wells that sustained the ancient desert cities. and that's good for the. you can close the roof so the whole square is in the shade during the day. we've created a new architectural language. body the structure of the stones on the facades prevents the sun from shining directly into the buildings but a little before the shutters of. the architects were inspired by the past when no houses in cata had energy guzzling air conditioning them a share of district uses wind to cool the area naturally you can see how it works in the old buildings that still exist here. doesn't limit but this building has been built in such a way that the wind from the north blows in and cools the entire building. the ground has many advantages to oil it doesn't absorb heat so the building stays cool and also the dust sticks to it. so when the wind blows through the building it doesn't stir any of it up was that got one shot all residential and office buildings in this district will use up to 30 percent less energy at least that's what the government is aspiring to. in just a few decades the capital doha has transformed from a fishing village into a lively metropolis. and. the tiny emirate of qatar is now well known all over the western world and it's almost defiant in its pride to be an independent nation. qatar has taken on an important role in world politics and wants to retain it. the foreign ministry is also involved in cutter's vision 2030 that will hopefully create a future independent of natural gas. people sometimes think that the 2030 vision of other because of you know the fact that other countries are launching there is only recently that other has joined the club as a matter of fact others had its vision in 2008 launched and that at that time we didn't have the world cup. we didn't win it but then as soon as that happened that was integrated into the overall vision. sporting events could also provide an alternative source of income. for the khalifa stadium finished. when host international events in the summer because of its gigantic air conditioning system it's the only one in the world in an open stadium. catch as world cup commission is responsible not only for planning the event but also for what comes after how can the economy build on the expertise that's been brought into the country. all of the sporting or international events it has in the larger urban fantasy and international expertise to come and delivering the events. i mean they really go to the next event to ensure that the knowledge that is here within about that and within the region we have this just the institute center to ensure i mean to deliver education and training to the sporting industry. sustainability is also part of the sporting industry at least that's the message the world cup commission wants to convey for example with the 1st fifa stadium to be recycled after the world cup. the whole a stadium as there will be. this month up after that on the month of the world be broken down into different uses sword side that can be there if they're going to take can be rebuilt elsewhere will give him a sort of addition on everybody and all of the smaller as they would be. the building is made from shipping containers and steel girders after the world cup cutter could theoretically sell the stadium to the u.s. from mexico so it can be rebuilt there 2026 as long as the politicians play ball. oh man it doesn't just look different than its neighbors and their towering skylines. the sultanate is having an easier time. ending alternatives to oil and natural gas for one because its reserves are smaller than those of its neighbors and a man's economy was flourishing even before the discovery of oil. life here is still shaped by fishing crafts and trade and women also have a big role in society. a man has diplomatic relations with all the gulf states including qatar. expansion citadels and fortified buildings and now just part of the country's history the country practices a more moderate form of conservative islam. some $4600000.00 people live in this alternate of amman $2500000.00 a citizens national revenue is around $22000000000.00 u.s. dollars 73 percent of that comes from oil and gas. much as the historic district of a man's capture muscat and one of the city's major tourist attractions more than $3000000.00 visitors come to amman every year mainly from germany and france. to resume is the biggest industry up to oil and gas and it grows every year by 6 percent. the government's next aim is to build a port for large cruise ships right in the front of the old town. but won't mass to resume ruin the historic area. geographer manuel a good pilot is hoping to answer this question with her research she's lived in muscat for 14 years old man has a lot to offer and a lot to lose that much is clear from a visit to the bait around the museum. but. what. i see more patients than all that. vision was that. the black robes arrived in the country with the rise of oil and the influence of saudi arabia. so that also brought a more conservative way of life. right now. the mandela hopes to find a form of gentle tourism that's compatible with local tradition. you know we are conservative country you go to village in the interior you need to really observe the way you dress the way you talk to people you know it's not and you know you need to really look around you the environment you're in and conform to it to the country's self that's where the turks will enjoy and we as the villagers would welcome them to come to the country over an arms talk to the. incense has been bought and sold in the match a bazaar for centuries. but what will happen to the little shops with the growing cords of tourists manuela asked some of the shop owners. to resume has changed what sold here there are a few every day goods and more souvenirs. many omanis are now giving up their shops and leasing them to migrants. from spelman are told in quotes around 200000 cruise ship tourists came here last year it doesn't sound like much but when you consider the population of matter is only around 200000 and that really is a lot it gets overcrowded very easily as nato is often on. many a moving away from match up because they feel like strangers even on the streets they grew up on the chicken the one. at home you see everything used to be colorful around here that's barber was happy for you but lots of things still are but lots aren't. the set up and these are caves with no substance we are modern was used to shape this place your father mikhail. some of the old shops are holding out their products might seem out of place but this is exactly what their money customers are looking for. some people come from villages far away the owner explains his father moved here 929 from india. who started this film i thought it was a little bit. and although most people would fit it and it was like you want to sit on them and them and. in that you. when asked about the future of his shop he had just one answer everything should stay exactly as it is. travelling through a man can be like a journey through time. and. after is a mountain range in the north of the country. and there. is a tiny village of supra has been clinging to this is scotland for 400 years. if you. think abdullah shrieky was born here just like his brothers and cousins now they're turning the homes of their ancestors into guest houses for tourists. to. think. of it out of the office and my grandfather used to live in this room in that office if you want and obviously we prefer to varnish the wood with all of oil because it's a natural oil. well it preserves the beauty of the door and protects it and. for families used to live around their grandfather's room just a few years ago life happened outside the rooms which is for sleeping and cooking on the open fire. a road now leads to the other side of the valley and the villages have moved into modern houses. i didn't get into life in the new village is much more convenient than in the old and hey nation right next to the road. so with a car everything you need is nearby. we have electricity and t.v. which is nice of course. although. the gist of the incidents was. so. i don't have also thought i had to tickle we have c