A half in germany and the thing the house or climate house is a museum that allows visitors i do need comforted maybe to experience the worlds climate zones it has exhibitions that feature a number of places on a total of 5 continents along the meridian east in just a few hours our reporters will feel the heat of the tropics and the chill of polar winds and story but before they set off heres a look at whats coming up. Well learn about research being done in africas 1st climate monitoring station. Here how geo engineering could be used to curtail Climate Change. What happens when permafrost is lost along coastlines and as we talk to climate experts suzanne an awful lot. Of this is being with us through our trip we have with the climate zones to see the 2 physicists and the scientific direct. This expression never been heard being with. This number why do we need such a climate. Where no climate and Climate Change is talked about everywhere. But hell years ago. It wasnt in the media of that march and we wanted to raise awareness for this important topic. Now weve been talking about Climate Change for the last 30 years theres just something we can learn here thats why example here we so people in the from climate zones how they have a deficit so they are reaching their climate and how they are affected by Climate Change ok thank you for now we see you in just a bit. The 1st stop on their excursion is nice air in africa. Where you want any thing around 35 degrees or something but you know what in summer in niger it can get until 48 degrees in the shade i know actually that temperatures here are rising want to know how times faster than the global average researchers actually assume that in about 102 years people wont be able to lift anymore purely physically the question is what would happen if temperatures keep on rising. The earth has already warmed one degree celsius since the 19th century our goal was to cap warming at well below 2 degrees right now were on track for at least 3 degrees what would that mean. Even today were seeing more heat waves and droughts including more severe storms and flooding. As temperatures rise all that will increase. I mean rise of 1. 5 degrees celsius would threaten the existence of many Pacific Island countries as sea levels rise some of them will vanish beneath the waves and as coral reefs die many people will lose their livelihood. A rise of 2 degrees or more climate Scientists Say could be the tipping point. Polar ice reflect sunlight which until now has helped put a brake on Global Warming as this ice melts the oceans will capture more of the suns heat this vicious circle will cause even more ice to melt. Cascade effects like these all over the world would further accelerate Global Warming. Beyond 3 degrees more and more glaciers will vanish rivers will run dry and arid regions will become even more parched. And even the worlds great rain forests like the amazon would disappear bit by bit. An increase of more than 4 degrees would bring near constant drought to Southern Europe heat would make parts of the us and the middle east virtually uninhabitable. Much of the worlds population would suffer from a scarcity of water countless people would die of heat and disease. Even more would die of hunger as crop failure and famine become more widespread. Other places will have to cope with too much water rising water levels will pose a Global Threats including 2 major cities such as hamburg mumbai shanghai and do your work. Each additional degree of warming will force more and more people to flee their homes. Some to seek food and water others to escape floods and storms. And storms will grow even more devastating. At a rise of 4 degrees or more the impact becomes difficult to predict but what seems clear is that all it. Species would gradually die out even human civilization would face extinction. The pictures we just saw were quite dressed sick is it really going to be that bad where if we dont do enough against it it can really be that bad we saw this like sample in someone to help to foam at 18 that we had extreme conditions in europe and i dont think many scientists have expected this at that point already and. I would be a mother soon so now im really worried if it was such a wise decision to put a child in this world what do you think i know climate scientists who have trade rooms or still dont vary but actually the i. P. C. C. Published a report in october 2018 where they showed that we can stay below 1. 5 can we use warming and that this will avoid the worst consequences so what do you think whats the most pressing issue what should we tackle 1st. I will rule were well beyond the beyond the point where we can choose where to start we have to take every measure we can to avoid Climate Change thank you from now were talking later now im going to see what we are doing. Cameroon is stop number 2. Now we are come to ruin in the whole the virgin forests suffer africa countries like these low belief Carbon Emissions into the atmosphere though theyre among those suffering the most from Climate Change but there are not really much measurements so its a big huge gap abouts. Now theres a new up there a tree in a rundown just south of us from here. The antennae of the rwanda climate observatory rise 50 meters into the air above. This is africas 1st climate monitoring station rwanda has been badly hit by Climate Change average temperatures here have already risen by 1. 4 degrees celsius in the last 50 years it proves that droughts and flash floods are becoming more common thats catastrophic for farmers on the slopes of mount mu gogo. The weather is crazy in rwanda the rainy season always used to be in march april and may these days it even rains in september we never know what to expect. Rwanda needs reliable data so that it can better adapt to Climate Change. Thats why a team of scientists here are monitoring ozone depleting c. F. C. s and other Greenhouse Gases for the 1st time for the entire african continent. And it is all of that they will all scale and on that they are always in there was the assurance what is causing war and what is going to commit towards. These normally afghani countries are going to 100 to about it without evidence so this kind offer the search supports their negotiations to. The wonder climate observatory is part of the most important Global ClimateResearch Network the advanced Global Atmospheric gases experiment. The scientists check the black carbon levels on a daily basis. Much of this evolution they discover is not due to traffic in rwanda or to cooking over open fires. In fact many of the subpart of course stem from devastating forest fires thousands of kilometers away. The equipment needs frequent maintenance because of high air he made it. To understand global Climate Change whether phenomena also have to be taken into consideration. Thats why the Climate Research team is working together closely with meteorologists. The Climate Change project comes with the Greenhouse Gases so it comes off the majority does not help but im it does have to be focused on so it is like now we have a full package often with radzivill conditions like elaine. Like a Climate Change their remaining think is to do think started up and. Report. Interesting in rwanda gali scientists are testing a new system custom built at the Massachusetts Institute of technology. Called medusa the instrument is capable of filtering minute amounts of gas out of the air. Depleting substances like c. F. C. s are not just very small theyre also present in much smaller quantities than oxygen and nitrogen for example. Removes the biggest components of air making it possible to measure c f cs under the Greenhouse Gases the instrument will soon be moving elsewhere. In the future you want to more of this summit of mount cuts in the front seat so that the summit is hidden in the clouds but its a 4500 metres high so its a very nice place to being. And to be ready for that. From not lofty height medusa will continue to trace and measure more than 50 Greenhouse Gases. Time for our reporters to add a few extra layers of clothing. Minus 6 degrees celsius my fingers. Raising it in winter you could only survive a few minutes without protective clothing what are you doing exactly here theyre not even People Living here Just Research as well but its really important region for the climate ill go on these ice sheets to see. These ice covers can be over 4 kilometers thick it really is perpetual ice hundreds of thousands of years old but because theyre so stable theyre really important for our planet and the climate but even perpetual ice a sensitive west and actually melting faster than 1st seen so some researchers had an idea what if we covered west antarctica in artificial snow would that save the planet. Imagine if you took water out of the oceans lots of water several trillion times and you froze it into trillions of tons of snow and spread that across the west Antarctic Ice sheet covering it with a blanket of artificial snow. The team from the pasta institute for Climate Impact research or pick thinks this could save the ice sheet and stop coastal cities such as shanghai and new york from becoming submerged if and arctic as giant ice sheet melts pic researchers estimate that sea levels would rise by more than 3 meters. In the colors of picker doing what scientists do best the dokken experiment and thats what we call the german. So thats all just hypothetical a thought experiment just like most of the ideas on how to intervene in the earths climate system its called geo engineering and there are 2 main approaches. First extract Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere known as Carbon Dioxide removal and 2nd reflect solar energy to prevent further heating called solar radiation management lets start with number one. A whole range of measures are being discussed on the one hand things like reforestation. Trees absorb c o 2 from the atmosphere as they live and grow and when for 3rd preserved they can act as a carbon sink. And then theres the high tech version of that technology that would suck the o 2 out of the air like an artificial tree that c o 2 would need to be stored somewhere and for that wed use geological storage. Thats the big problem where to put the c o 21 idea is to store it underground. Small Test Facilities already exist but there are concerns this music would have posted the risk or what people might worry about is that this. C o 2 might escape not necessarily in huge amounts but enough to negate the mitigating effect effect recent studies suggest that this is a fairly small risk. When it comes to solar geo engineering there are also various ideas under discussion the most common one involves spraying some blocking particles for example sulfur into the stratosphere which would reflect the suns heat back into space. If there were enough particles put into the stratosphere to really substantially affect temperatures change the temperature by say 2 degrees that would start to change the color of the atmosphere and weve seen this after volcanoes that we get really funky colored sunsets of magenta those and weird oranges and so on and you can also change the color towards making the sky in general more white and blue when we look at it so these kinds of effects we might be able to see it worth to notice that these kinds of effects might have a much larger impact on some other animals besides us especially on insects which orient very much on the frequency of light. Solar radiation management presumably would lower temperatures on earth but some regions would suffer more trout and it wouldnt help reduce c o 2 levels in the atmosphere in any case these geo engineering i. D. s are still just hypothetical proposals no significant real life tests have been carried out so what role is geo engineering likely to play could the benefits outweigh the risks. That havent. Been delayed for so long that we probably wont be able to manage without removing theo 2 from that in the spirit respects but the most important thing by far still is reducing c o 2 emissions youre told every time to say no to that we dont emit as a tonne that we wont have to remove later and great effort and expense but if we. Want 0 emissions will need to offset the residual emissions we cant avoid. That will entail capturing c o 2. Covering antarctica with artificial snow is a crazy idea as even the potsdam researchers admit it would take enormous amounts of energy and tens of thousands of giant turbines. This kind of a good on can experiment gives us an idea of how much energy and resources would be needed to make Something Like that happen and we realize this is something that we cant count on as a solution just like all of the other climate geo engineering techniques that are being discussed so far. A lot of research is needed to understand the consequences of geo engineering but perhaps one day it will become a tool in our struggle against the climate crisis. Thats 2 miles or climbs in some. Of. This island nation in the middle of the Pacific Ocean consists of 2 main islands and has a total of 403 kilometers of coastline. Island on a stick the climate is tropical. When the temperatures tend to be around 30 degrees celsius. Oh yes this is going to be my favorite place and it came on how are you making warm climates sandy beaches the ocean wonderful you know you know what i think once they have paradise like this for so long anymore its true the rising sea levels and perry cans and erosion would become more and more of a problem in states like this. You might think that this are really happy about rising sea levels right but actually there are so bad off as well. Yeah thats true but you know pretty fish in chorus theyre good for tourism which a lot of locals depend on but their actual true their you offer we eat is alive in their function breakwaters they help to avoid erosion and flooding experts actually estimate that if the reefs are gone the coast would be destroyed twice the spot on. Coral reefs host the rich diversity of species and are often called the tropical rainforest of the sea but Global Warming is making the oceans more acidic confirmation has come from a special report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change more than half of all coral reefs worldwide are under serious threat. Many are dying as a result of mass coral bleaching. Without trace the oceans will be empty places. And in addition to the impact on aquatic life humans will be affected too. More than 500000000 people live in low lying coastal areas places that are threatened by a roshon and rising ocean levels coastlines and coral reefs could still be saved provided we take action immediately. Next stop the u. S. State of alaska. Life look at them for a little while this is now well on trampolines like this you pick people from alaska they threw the hunters in the air and then from up there they look for any mobs. That was possible in a place like alaska where much of the land mass is composed of tundra a type of bio characterized by low growing plants the ground is frozen and covered in snow much of the year. Sounds pretty rough it is rough i think but its the basis for life because when those souls melts actually whole villages collapse and this happens now all around the arctic circle. This is siberia and russias far north instead of icy tundra reveal lots of melt water. The region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe arctic permafrost is thawing. With deadly consequences subsidence has led to the collapse of homes roads and bridges. Its become an everyday problem in many arctic cities a melting permafrost also has consequences for the climate. Organic matter trapped in the ground since woolly mammoths roamed the earth is being exposed. And with the microbes that devour these plants remains releasing c o 2 and meeting into the air. Greenhouse gases that warm up the atmosphere even more. Think as bites a vicious circle the wall of yeah the more the permafrost thaws on the more carbon is released. And can stuff i guess its field. Considerable quantities its estimated that almost twice as much carbon is stored in permafrost as is found in the earths atmosphere. In summer 2019 there were wildfires in the arctic places themselves are not unusual but they lasted longer and were on a far bigger scale than ever before many of them burn through the pete layer that protects the permafrost against heat in summer. Then as foil when theres a fire in this layer of pete disappears that increases the temperature of the permafrost and. Which in some cases could cause it to disappear was comes from that in the north of canada the permafrost on kick tarlac also known as hershel island is also towing and its changing the coastline in record time mudslides are turning the sea here a gray brown color. 20 metres of land disappear every summer. Extreme also of course that has extreme consequences for human settlements but it also has an impact on the climate on this carbon that i previously mentioned is trapped in permafrost and stored there and when erosion takes place this carbon is released. It enters the ocean and up until now weve assumed that it was deposited there. I believe but now we know that a lot of this carbon is immediately released before it enters the water microorganisms become active and immediately turn the permafrost into Greenhouse Gases. That reinforces the process of Global Warming but new