That came after it could not contact this day. Also coming up at protestors in iraq are demanding a functioning government that works for everyone instead of a system that cheats as many as possible the response so far has been brutal and at the United Nations see they use life bullets weak human beings protesting into minding our rights look at what they did to my leg and my hand they started shooting live ammunition at us. To our viewers on p. B. S. In the United States and all around the world welcome we begin the day with the bridges that were supposed to replace the walls when the berlin wall crumbled 30 years ago the peaceful revolution that followed. Gave much of the world a reason to hope for a different future the reunification of germany the expansion of the European Union and even the enlargement of nato these were significant events that looked like progress but progress for whom not for the post soviet wild west russia of the 1990 s. That diminished great power that would eventually demand respect again with Vladimir Putin in charge tonight one of the authors a journalist who reported on that time he wrote the rough draft of post wall history or join me to talk about the lessons of 1989 that we thought we learned but maybe we did but 1st how did we get here lets remind you of exactly what happened 30 years ago when the berlin wall fell on the night of november 9th 1989 east germanys communist regime reopened the border for the 1st time in 30 years east germans could safely cross to the west now it turned the hated and Deadly Border wall into simply a wall this week as berlin remembers the people who died trying to escape the city is also celebrating the freedoms that followed for everyone. And our very own David Leavitts he is out and about in berlin among the festivities this week good evening to you david i can tell behind you you must be the east side gallery tonight. Thats right and its been turned into a kind of a screening show this is not just any movie its a movie about the history of the berlin wall and what better place to see it than on a piece of the wall itself the east side gallery is the biggest and one of the only remaining parts of the berlin wall that are Still Standing and now where im standing today is not has not always been a place to watch movies if i had been here 30 years ago i could have been shot dead by east german Border Guards just for being here now they would have been maybe in the towers as part of the wall complex or they could have been on patrol boats in the river behind me and where i am in this part of berlin the wall itself is not the border the border itself is in the middle of the river ship but they were you can see marks by these lit up blue poles and right here about 10 people died trying to cross from communist east berlin into what was known as free west berlin now if you look at the figures across east germany during the time of the berlin wall the number of people who tried to escape east germany and died during their attempt is over a 1000 some say its around 1200 and most of those who died trying to escape were young men between the age of 18 and 25 now its no wonder if you look at those figures that in 1989 when the border opened people came down to the berlin wall with picks with hammers to take it down and there was there was a Huge Movement to take down the berlin wall and really the only reason that this stretch of the berlin wall 1300 meter stretch of it survived is down to the efforts of around 100. 00 artists. The east time calorie was started in february 990. 00. Artists were invited to paint an original portion of the berlin wall back then the initiative was designed to help east german artists who had suddenly been left without an income but in those exciting days of the former communist state opening up artists came from all over the world. When berlin was divided it was common for people on the western side to draw graffiti on the wall but on the eastern side people approached at their peril the wall became more and more fortified with heavily armed guards tripwires searchlights and lookout towers Border Guards were ordered to shoot to kill anyone who tried to escape and more than 100 people were killed trying to cross the border in berlin alone just a few months after those instruments of oppression what is mantled the east side gallery turn the symbol of terror into a canvas for Free Expression some of the artworks have become famous around the world because the gallery is exposed to the weather the images of her to be restored or even repainted several times today the east side gallery is a popular tourist destination. You know im very own David Leavitts hes there at the east side gallery david i remember being exactly where you are about 25 years ago as a reporter talking about berlin 5 years after the fall of the wall that weve got 30 years after the fall of the wall talk to me a little bit about what its like there now other than the fact that its raining and people are trying not to get wet. Oh you did notice that yeah it is raining pretty heavily but what i can tell you is despite that im seeing a lot of people here stopping with their umbrellas with their rain coats with their bikes and they are fascinated by the film that is playing behind me this is a film that takes you from the early days of the berlin wall from its construction what youre seeing now. All the way through to the Popular Movement to cave way to the peaceful revolution the end of the east german regime and what came after the. East side gallery the berlin wall the stretch of the berlin wall that had been a symbol of division turning into a symbol of of unity and of berlin as an open and cosmopolitan city that it is today and even though its dark and its raining and people are running for shelter i really feel that you can you can feel history here even now 30 years later yes i think thats a very good point its impossible to escape it even if you are getting drenched our very own david love itself there braving the elements at eastside gallery david thank you. Well tonight im joined here at the big table by a man who needs no introduction quentin peel spent much of his career as a journalist reporting on the east west conflict during and after the berlin wall hes now a fellow at the much review Chatham House think tank in london when its good to have you on the day where were you that 1st week of november 1809 and what were you planning to report. On i was sitting in moscow as i had been for a couple of years at that stage reporting in the extraordinary revolution that was happening in the soviet union and the effects of course that it was happening right across the world so packed in the old communist countries and of course east germany was just about the last to topple if you like and. It was something we do been waiting for but didnt quite believe it was going to happen and then it was so well just that there was this tension tension between go to shove and somebody like eric connick you know they were so different characters and there was go but you of actually dismantling the system whether on purpose or by mistake and hunnicutt desperately trying to preserve the order that he had in east germany did you did you since quitting in 1909990 that there was this rare opportunity emerging for maybe a new and better world order to be constructed without any doubt i mean it was an extraordinary exciting time to be alive and to be reporting as a journalist of course my russian friends didnt see it like that they were pretty miserable ever there was no not much food in the shops and so on but as a journalist we were reporting what was very lunch really a peaceful revolution yes there was some there were deaths in georgia are up and they both republics but nonetheless overwhelmingly here it was a completely rotten old system actually and you could see it was a rotten system the moment you arrived in moscow it was falling apart and that happened much more quickly than we expected because the peoples of the empire if you like rose up and then finally the russians themselves rose up and supported yeltsin and tossed off their random tossed. I found an interview today the transcript of an interview you conducted with Mikhail Gorbachev the last soviet leader the interview was from 2006 and in that interview he told you and im quoting here you the west should not impose your vision of what we should do in russia we are not stupid democracy cannot be programmed there was euphoria towards cooperation with america in russia now there is wild antiamericanism and that was 2006 this week mr gorbachev was asked by the b. B. C. If russia and the west are still engaged in the cold war take a listen to how he responded. But shitty but still a war. Movie in different places there are here and there is shooting at craft and it was not being said he would do that and everywhere glued this is not the kind of situation we want on the continent of the. When gorbachev was foreshadowing in 2006 what he was describing today in 2019 i mean it seems that he was a minority at the time why do you think that was the case. I think that he could see clearly the tensions that were rising and they had that by not over things like the iraq war and russia was on the other side but he could also see i think the root of nationalism in russia with which he would be quite uncomfortable hes been very careful over the years not to be too critical of Vladimir Putin having said which he is critical of him because he doesnt recognize a real democrat but hes really quite right in saying that nor could we the west export our democracy you know as a ready made model to them after all theyve been through 70 years of communism and as weve also seen in the form of the idea in east germany and also in the former soviet air is that actually has affected people very deeply and i think theres a suspicion of if you like a multiparty system that still exists and theres also a suspicion that somehow the west went away they didnt help russia and all its bits to really stabilize theyve basically said its over its finished now so its yourselves do you think you think that is the true story ive heard the former us secretary of state Madeleine Albright say that several times she met with yeltsin and all furred to change the whole nature of nato and to include russia in that to create a new Security Alliance and she said either he was drunk or he just refused to believe that she was soon. But she said the offer was made do you think that that gets reported the way it should be i mean that it was quite there was quite an offer from the United States i think i mean this story in russia is different perception is clearly different and one of the perceptions that i think we underestimated was the degree to which nato was seen as the enemy it was seen as the hostile and t. Soviet and therefore by extension anti Russian Alliance and i think the offer to say well you can come into it just sounded to them as something they didnt want to really know but i think that we also made mistakes we didnt engage the ordinary well a middle ranking officers level we didnt really get through to people that actually we should be on the same side and if theres a lot of pride in russia which was deeply thing by this process and i suspect that in the excitement of say but its freedom but its liberation we use that word freedom very loosely and what the end of the cold war actually did with the liberated a lot of quite bad things to pop out again owed ethnic rivalry insofar as has never gone away in yugoslavia in many parts of the former soviet union people who had been if you like done by that ideological stance is of the cold war in this weeks Time Magazine gorbachev has written the cover story and he says that the current leaders in the west as well as russia have felt as they forgotten the commandment of unity that we received in peace in 1989 is what he says would you say your home country britain breaks in britain is the best example of that failure right now. Yes. Not sure all that the reason for bret say it goes back to the code war i think a lot of it is partly the economic crash that we suffered 20082010 that really hit people very high what about this image that we hear all the time coming from brits in 2 years about we have to free ourselves from the shackles of europe they dont see europe as being part of the solution part of the piece weve had many british conservative british politicians describing the European Union as something akin to the soviet union as a source of. As a pressure that controlling pressure that we dont have to liberation but what actually i think is behind that is that i dont believe that that is the correct analysis but we are seeing a revival of this sense of nationalism and weve seen it in russia weve seen it in britain dont forget the both ends of europe east and west we have. That have if you like collapsed very different that buzz the british was all over the world the russians were or round but nonetheless neither country has really come to us with that loss of empire and i think were seeing that in the revival of this nationalism and then if youve got Something Like that you may have putin in russia who is a russian nationalist and also has sat of course in dresden for 5 years watching the country come up and said deep inside him is a desire to maintain order and that sponsor is vision in britain we are seeing extraordinary disorder really i mean ok its not riots in the streets but the undermining of very ancient institutions in this increasingly nationalist debate i fear could see the United Kingdom split and wed have an independent scotland a unified and. Back to Little England wow well unfortunately were out of time but we appreciate you coming in tonight and sharing your insights and your experience valuable insights into what happened then and it helps us to understand how how its happening now quick thank you thank you very much. Well there appears to be deescalation on the streets in chile Authorities Say the number of people taking part in street protests is falling after 2 weeks of huge demonstrations at least 18 people have died thousands have been injured since the protests began sparked by a price hike on the true tickets the mayor of santiago said yesterday that only a couple of 1000. 00 protesters were still willing to demonstrate but according to our reporter nicole further in the chilean capital people are using other ways to express their anger. Its another day of protests in santiago but any ball isnt going he lives only a stones throw away from plus i tell you the epicenter of the countrys mass demonstrations but a couple of weeks ago he kicked off a different kind of mobilization a neighborhood gathering known as. We didnt think anyone would come. And we were a bit pessimistic. But the turnout exceeded expectations. So we sat down to analyze what had happened and what we hope the chile of the 21st century who would look like. But i dont know if. The meeting soon grew too big for the park so today the neighbors are meeting at a local hostel some 80 people from all walks of life. This type of forum is not a New Invention in latin america the open could build oh dates back to colonial times as a communal gathering in response to emergencies or disasters and standing together in the face of adversity is still very much the essence of the could build are today. If we want a Better Future as much of a cliche as that might be we cant just think about ourselves we cant fall back into individual. We have to take care of each other this is bigger than ourselves for the builders are emerging all across these days but his grassroots assemblies they all have a common weakness in the big problem and they could build those is that they generate hope and lead people to think they are determining their own destiny than the but really there are only providing a platform for desires that can be taken into account it can also be ignored and thats a problem with it is. But at this could build 0 in santiago nobody wants to believe that theyre just dreaming up their own version of utopia broken up in small task forces they draft a road map for their future war in order to make any of this happen the neighbors will have to get the government to listen how theyll go about that will certainly be worth a discussion during the next. Protesters in iraq are accusing Security Forces of farming and why people who were blocking a bridge in the countrys capital demonstrations against the government started early last month since then more than 260. 00 people have been killed thousands injured the military has called on people to stop blocking roads ports and Oil Refineries saying it is costing the country billions of dollars. Gunfire ricochets around the streets of central baghdad. Demonstrates is trying to take shelter as bullets rained down fired witnesses say by iraqi Security Forces. Since tuesday antigovernment protest is have been blocking a major bridge in the capital. Police want them gone oh dear let the United Nations see they use life bullets we human beings protesting and demanding our rights. Are you in there with those who fail got severely beaten look at what they did to my leg and my hand they started shooting live ammunition at us. Pretense of also broken out in on the parts of iraq in basra in the south of the country Security Forces broke up an Anti Government sit in demonstration. More than 250. 00 iraqis have lost their lives since the unrest began at the beginning of up to the. The violence is being condemned by the international community. The secretary general says he is shocked by the death toll we have seen in recent days in iraq since the start of the demonstration but with neither side prepared to back down chaos has returned to the streets of iraq. For camp