Transcripts For DW DocFilm 20240713 : comparemela.com

To w i. I i. I find this kind of on to say hi height unity justice and freedom 3 words 3 pillars of our democracy. To democratic not one for the rule of law with independent courts and an independent judiciary is indispensable for a democracy. Citizens must also be able to assert their rights against the state not only against each other which sits and couldnt. Keep everyone happy but if. Investment. The law always has to be fought for its never immutable or secured for all time. The rule of law protects us from despotism but only when everyone is allowed the same rights equally. Germany is a constitutional state that is the crucial basis for peaceful coexistence the German Parliament the pundits talk passes the laws but thats not enough to avoid conflict often different rights are in direct competition with one another. The g 20 summit in hamburg july 2017 even in the run up it was clear that the demands posed by the various actors involved would clash the heads of state and government who are under fire for the recent policy decisions all sources fear that protests would escalate out of control not all the demonstrators were peaceful the Police Stepped in and both sides were heavy handed in their response parts of hamburg appear to be in civil war. Who was in the right the police the protesters. Its just an easy its a huge dilemma on the one hand theres this big event with state guests who require special protection and on the other hand you have the demonstrators some of them are peaceful some arent they protect the nonviolent ones and at the same time try to identify and isolate the violent ones and stop them from taking part in the protest at all in. Kind of action no individual right overrides any other rather they must all be weighed against each other and each asserted as far as possible without ignoring the rights of the others. Christine tatar is a professor at hendrix Police Academy as a lawyer she teaches his students about the importance of basic rights they include the right to demonstrate guaranteed by article 8 of germanys constitution the basic law. One come. You cant forbid demonstrations just because youre worried that some demonstrators might not be peaceful. The police j a very special role in the rule of law only they have a monopoly on the legitimate use of force no citizen has that kind of right. To tell us what does it mean when citizens refrain from using force to assert their rights. What else do you have to do. You have to protect them to. 30000 Police Officers the largest deployment in germanys postwar history yet they couldnt help the escalation of violence in hamburg the amount of force they used would remain a topic of investigation for years to come did officers cross the line as opposed to. The greatest asset in the constitutional state is Citizens Trust in the states monopoly on the use of force. But that also means the state must protect its citizens and for a while it was unable to do that the way to promise to protect a constitutional state does not abide by the rule of the strongest but by the rule of democratically established laws. We cant always agree on everything and it doesnt matter if a small percentage swims against the tide or isnt fully integrated. But the majority must stick to the rules of living together and recognize how important they are. Convinced that. They need to realize how badly they could be affected if these rules should one day be suspended because at. The end of the 2nd world war 1945 left germany completely devastated 12 years of tyranny had left their mark every one had been forced to submit to a dictatorship that ultimately driven the country into ruin. In the 1949 foundations were laid for a new beginning. A year earlier the west German Constituent Assembly backed by the western allies had made in the alexander clinic a Natural Research museum in bonn to begin drafting a constitution. On may 23rd 949 the assemblies head connaught are now announce the results. On. Then why are the who didnt. Follow follow. Through the day. Of. This awful lot of dogs in. The basically what was initially intended as a temporary solution until east and west germany were reunified to school because its just that leeches historically speaking the basic law was a real stroke of luck the school the authors of the basic or achieve something quite astonishing the things they wrote about fundamental freedoms fundamental rights and the organization of the democratic states are almost unparalleled in how right they are to stay in the west it has served us well for 70 years and in our unified country its been nearly 30 years. The basic premise from which all else arises is stated right at the beginning article one Human Dignity shall be inviolable above all this rejected the injustice of nazi rule. In which old fear that if one does it with my hand off in 1949 the mothers and fathers of the basic law at least there were 4 women i wanted to use paragraph one of article one Human Dignity shall be inviolable i to make a very clear statement can. Arbitrary rule oppression and persecution for ethnic religious or political reasons were unacceptable. Even there was no negotiating it and then that yet you know where they are rich or poor german or from any other country catholic or muslim and everyone deserves the same dignity. I inflicted the word through. The 950 s. So that the chaff formed the socalled economic miracle people were more preoccupied with consumption then the new legal system the basic law and human rights. Left to the experts while the crimes of the nazi era were pushed out of the collective mind people wanted to be able to afford nice things and go dancing on saturdays. Meanwhile others were working to safeguard the new legal system the federal Constitutional Court was set up in calls and even granted the power to repeal laws if they violate the basic law that makes it independent from both parliament as well as the federal council. To go to the Constitutional Court quickly became an opponent of the ministries and art in our government that led to some fierce conflicts on a rather Constitutional Court was also a decisive motor of democratization right consisted of considerably fewer National Socialists than the ministers. Germanys ministry of justice has been in bonds halls and book districts since 950 many lawyers who had started their careers under nazi rule were taken over by the new administration over half of its senior officials were former any members this was a major obstacle to the prosecution of nazi crimes. On us from hamburg force against the ill conceived beginning for german rule of law for 17 years she reported on proceedings in the young republics courts in 2008 she was awarded germanys order of merit for hicks jordan ary. As a Court Reporter she pitched herself against the Old Boys Club of nazis still ruling in each others favor aside from pursuing true justice she was also driven by her own Family History nearly 100. 00 of her relatives died in the holocaust her parents were murdered in the tripling extermination camp. There were plenty of nazis plenty of criminals but hardly any charges were brought very few stood trial for those. In 1972 she got involved in the trial of dr ludwig hahn. As a high ranking s. S. Office and poland hed been jointly responsible for the deportation of over 200000 jews yet the judge treated him with kid gloves your 1st. Initiative they were also differential not just the judges but the prosecutors and defenders to the court rushers would bow so low because they only addressed him as dr serve dr serve please forgive me i am unfortunately obliged to ask you forgive me dr sir. She also reported on the my dunnit trial at the District Court in disorder often 975 years after the end of the war gods were accused of murdering at least 250000 jews at the extermination camp in poland and it was the biggest trial of nazi perpetrators in the history of the young republic emotions at the trial run high. But the flabbergasted shopper answer to. The british beef we are getting issued in mocking all of. Them the sentences were handed down 8 prison sentences one. In some although half a 1000000 germans were involved in murders under the nazi regime less than 900. 00 not even one percent were convicted. Of. The issue still divides german society. You can subpoena it wasnt just the judges the whole of the federal republic just carried on as if nothing had ever happened in excluding. Pettis reports have had an effect and she wont stop fighting against the hotshots the cover ups and the over all eagerness to forget the nazis crimes. And break up by the right of hope with the exception of the well known nuremberg trial. Reappraisal of nazi crimes as far as thats even possible that has taken place only sporadically but a few were convicted but it was only decades later that we really started to take a closer look at the end to be. And thats how it is to this day. On the fire what we thought are. In the 1949 shortly after the federal republic was established in western germany the german democratic republic was founded in east germany it considered itself anti fascist andra its raison detre from its renunciation of its nazi past. We are starting over from scratch was the founding myth that was supposed to underpin support for the communist state. Is germany demonstrated its hardline towards nazi crimes in 1950 when it brought more than 3400. 00 cases to court some of the defendants were indeed nazi criminals but many were innocent people caught in show trials. The accused were held in any humane conditions and often refuse defense lawyers the evidence brought against them was flimsy at best and the sentences were decided on in advance. 24 defendants were sentenced to death and over 2000 sent to prison. Even years later critics of the trial was silenced as nazis loyal to the Ruling Communist Party would let off the hook. In. The ruling party dominated all decisions in east germany on the same went for the judiciary the judges were of course all part of the s. C. D. And as such they applied the l. C. D. s guidelines to each of their cases. For game hard. Hitting stuff on the island of. To. Day it is still a popular seaside resort on the baltic sea. Seaside holidays were very popular in the young east germany everyone should be able to enjoy them. But the citizens right to a holiday was supplanted by the socialist concept of holidays for all. The Free German Trade Union federation f. T. G. Be took over organizing them. But whereas the federation could supply the holiday fund it didnt have its own hotels instead it had to pay privately owned hotels and guesthouses for seaside accommodation. For many years that was a thorn in the side of east germanys leadership until 953 when it launched operation. Police stormed over 700. 00 private hotels and guesthouses arresting the owners and seizing their property under spirit claims. From. The still in east germany there were several ways of dispossession destroying the middle class and clearing away the remains of what they called capitalism and they always found an ideological excuse claiming the people targeted had been nazis or opposed to socialism is good for them. And they did the same thing to workers tradesmen. But like Small Business owners hotel owners it was simply robbed the blankets. Of their money and his wife the bill are still living with the fallout this dark chapter in the history of the east german legal system change their lives for ever. These are all built something up with your own 2 hands and then suddenly its gone the property the land the building and everything that went into it was gone from it was a foreigner. Here tell us the black used to belong test grandparents the raids on it was a done and the other seaside resort started at dawn the Peoples Police searched houses and interrogated their owners before charging them as criminal suspects so to elizabeth and quit them and. Because for the verdict was set before the trial even began my grandparents were sent to prison as white collar criminals my grandmother got 3 years my grandfather got 5. Years because of the expropriation. After his release over their grandfather returned to hearing stores and worked in a shop selling gross chicken. Later both grandparents fled to the west. Of me 1st my grandfather never understood what he possibly could have done wrong he had employed about 20 people. He never really got over it and died a broken man because he just couldnt comprehend it. Hed been a passionate cook and had never taken much interest in politics his kitchen had been his living room. And you could never grasp why anyone would live in a system that claim to make everything better this namely. More. Over there man had only known it was a dumb from the tales his now deceased grandparents would tell but then in 990. 00 they reunification treaties stated that all expropriated property should be returned to its rightful owners. To through many tears have been shed thats why it became so important to me and my wife we were determined to rebuild it and if there is such a thing as an afterlife maybe someone out there is watching us. I took the reunification of east and west to right so many wrongs in east germany citizens couldnt just sue the state the party had declared that it was above the law. Did that make east germany and unjust state. Dog the term unjust state isnt quite precise east germany wasnt a just state in the sense of being constitutional there was no independent judiciary when there was no equality before the law or having so to that extent it had no constitutional foundation. Of course or at least germany had laws that it applied in its rulings by the s. C. D. s dominant role was stipulated by the constitution which undermined any freedoms laid down and. The federal republic in west germany was a constitutional state with basic rules that apply to all citizens this also included article 3 of the basic law all persons shall be equal before the law and paragraph 2 specifies men and women shall have equal rights. The main force behind democracy in this country is article 3 the promise of equality. And this promise of equality is based on the idea that men and women have equal rights. This driving principle comes with the promise that social inequality will be addressed in a democratic and political fashion and possibly even redressed politician from the chavez of. 3 vote should get to go back. In the 1950s equality for women in the west was still any an article in the basic law its into mentation and concrete laws was still a long way off women were still subordinate to their husbands they needed his permission to work or to open an account he also had the final say in education and schooling. From 950. 00 on women in east germany were better off they were expected to work and were less dependent on their husbands they had more rights under family law and better access to childcare mia for only in the product youll hear that these of all dont at least i imaging devices may give them gifts of these a belief a kind that is about this man is in law said to me youre taking a shit like that in order constructive and didnt fall and. Begin to be the. Kind i dont want kind bill frist invite you can living in for the going on this morning on a list we have these inflationary. Been invested. I was born in west germany. Is how ive noticed that the women i know who grew up living in east germany are in many ways in shall we say less sensitive and said how that has a lot to do with the fact that social reality in east germany was so different i phone how it was normal for women to work abroad they were a natural part of the labor force out of the public sphere tired of all does that wasnt at all the case in west germany i hope mystified. Bunny school in northern germany so they clear. Has lived here for over 50 years a form of found there and may or she was long seen as a paragon of east germanys state sponsored emancipation. To get equal rights for women east germanys social political aspiration. Rivonia was born here we were so involved in day to day business that we didnt have much time to think about what west german women were doing. I just always felt sorry for them. From what we learned from newspapers or television they didnt have the same opportunities that we did as women. In fact here in east germany women who didnt work were actually a bit of an oddity. Since you. Know it was completely normal for women to go to work the phones were like. The Agricultural Production cooperative l. P. G. He kept assigning him more one more time until she ended up in charge of the livestock breeding units. And then the chairman of the time said the time had come for me to take over as chair. I was still a young woman. On the one hand i was happy proud to be entrusted with something so big. On the other hand i was quite dotted by the task and to make matters worse i was pregnant when he asked me. And so i said no no i cant im pregnant but its what you said why cant you other women get pregnant too and they do just fine and i thought to myself i think come to think of it hes right i dont feel the other. But even people in east germany had their doubts about full equality at the election 3 men voted against men who thought a woman wouldnt be up to the time after all she was also suppose. To be a good home maker and mother the typical double bed in. 1969 she received the hero of labor board. All your recruits and i mean. That would be he was with some. Big very good mom i think thats the reason i always have my own for me. I dont think i indulged my family too much i think it was all fine but obviously i didnt pamper them or make a huge fuss over them has. Absolutely. Together ideology and economic necessity promoted equality in east germany as labor shortages forced the state all its research. In the west on the other hand it was the womens desire for personal freedom that drove their struggle for equal rights. If at 1st thought for example escaped the confines of the small town of mindon in north germany in 1965 she moved to berlin to study theology. The hope was that i had finally gotten away from home and thought no i am free here in west berlin but society was still very controlling. Old women and pensioners would keep an eye out for any male visitors. And expect to be home by 10 even monitor the way we dressed and were shocked if we were pants on the walls or. If at 1st stop was fascinated by the rebellious German Parliament<\/a> the pundits talk passes the laws but thats not enough to avoid conflict often different rights are in direct competition with one another. The g 20 summit in hamburg july 2017 even in the run up it was clear that the demands posed by the various actors involved would clash the heads of state and government who are under fire for the recent policy decisions all sources fear that protests would escalate out of control not all the demonstrators were peaceful the Police Stepped<\/a> in and both sides were heavy handed in their response parts of hamburg appear to be in civil war. Who was in the right the police the protesters. Its just an easy its a huge dilemma on the one hand theres this big event with state guests who require special protection and on the other hand you have the demonstrators some of them are peaceful some arent they protect the nonviolent ones and at the same time try to identify and isolate the violent ones and stop them from taking part in the protest at all in. Kind of action no individual right overrides any other rather they must all be weighed against each other and each asserted as far as possible without ignoring the rights of the others. Christine tatar is a professor at hendrix Police Academy<\/a> as a lawyer she teaches his students about the importance of basic rights they include the right to demonstrate guaranteed by article 8 of germanys constitution the basic law. One come. You cant forbid demonstrations just because youre worried that some demonstrators might not be peaceful. The police j a very special role in the rule of law only they have a monopoly on the legitimate use of force no citizen has that kind of right. To tell us what does it mean when citizens refrain from using force to assert their rights. What else do you have to do. You have to protect them to. 30000 Police Officers<\/a> the largest deployment in germanys postwar history yet they couldnt help the escalation of violence in hamburg the amount of force they used would remain a topic of investigation for years to come did officers cross the line as opposed to. The greatest asset in the constitutional state is Citizens Trust<\/a> in the states monopoly on the use of force. But that also means the state must protect its citizens and for a while it was unable to do that the way to promise to protect a constitutional state does not abide by the rule of the strongest but by the rule of democratically established laws. We cant always agree on everything and it doesnt matter if a small percentage swims against the tide or isnt fully integrated. But the majority must stick to the rules of living together and recognize how important they are. Convinced that. They need to realize how badly they could be affected if these rules should one day be suspended because at. The end of the 2nd world war 1945 left germany completely devastated 12 years of tyranny had left their mark every one had been forced to submit to a dictatorship that ultimately driven the country into ruin. In the 1949 foundations were laid for a new beginning. A year earlier the west German Constituent Assembly<\/a> backed by the western allies had made in the alexander clinic a Natural Research<\/a> museum in bonn to begin drafting a constitution. On may 23rd 949 the assemblies head connaught are now announce the results. On. Then why are the who didnt. Follow follow. Through the day. Of. This awful lot of dogs in. The basically what was initially intended as a temporary solution until east and west germany were reunified to school because its just that leeches historically speaking the basic law was a real stroke of luck the school the authors of the basic or achieve something quite astonishing the things they wrote about fundamental freedoms fundamental rights and the organization of the democratic states are almost unparalleled in how right they are to stay in the west it has served us well for 70 years and in our unified country its been nearly 30 years. The basic premise from which all else arises is stated right at the beginning article one Human Dignity<\/a> shall be inviolable above all this rejected the injustice of nazi rule. In which old fear that if one does it with my hand off in 1949 the mothers and fathers of the basic law at least there were 4 women i wanted to use paragraph one of article one Human Dignity<\/a> shall be inviolable i to make a very clear statement can. Arbitrary rule oppression and persecution for ethnic religious or political reasons were unacceptable. Even there was no negotiating it and then that yet you know where they are rich or poor german or from any other country catholic or muslim and everyone deserves the same dignity. I inflicted the word through. The 950 s. So that the chaff formed the socalled economic miracle people were more preoccupied with consumption then the new legal system the basic law and human rights. Left to the experts while the crimes of the nazi era were pushed out of the collective mind people wanted to be able to afford nice things and go dancing on saturdays. Meanwhile others were working to safeguard the new legal system the federal Constitutional Court<\/a> was set up in calls and even granted the power to repeal laws if they violate the basic law that makes it independent from both parliament as well as the federal council. To go to the Constitutional Court<\/a> quickly became an opponent of the ministries and art in our government that led to some fierce conflicts on a rather Constitutional Court<\/a> was also a decisive motor of democratization right consisted of considerably fewer National Socialists<\/a> than the ministers. Germanys ministry of justice has been in bonds halls and book districts since 950 many lawyers who had started their careers under nazi rule were taken over by the new administration over half of its senior officials were former any members this was a major obstacle to the prosecution of nazi crimes. On us from hamburg force against the ill conceived beginning for german rule of law for 17 years she reported on proceedings in the young republics courts in 2008 she was awarded germanys order of merit for hicks jordan ary. As a Court Reporter<\/a> she pitched herself against the Old Boys Club<\/a> of nazis still ruling in each others favor aside from pursuing true justice she was also driven by her own Family History<\/a> nearly 100. 00 of her relatives died in the holocaust her parents were murdered in the tripling extermination camp. There were plenty of nazis plenty of criminals but hardly any charges were brought very few stood trial for those. In 1972 she got involved in the trial of dr ludwig hahn. As a high ranking s. S. Office and poland hed been jointly responsible for the deportation of over 200000 jews yet the judge treated him with kid gloves your 1st. Initiative they were also differential not just the judges but the prosecutors and defenders to the court rushers would bow so low because they only addressed him as dr serve dr serve please forgive me i am unfortunately obliged to ask you forgive me dr sir. She also reported on the my dunnit trial at the District Court<\/a> in disorder often 975 years after the end of the war gods were accused of murdering at least 250000 jews at the extermination camp in poland and it was the biggest trial of nazi perpetrators in the history of the young republic emotions at the trial run high. But the flabbergasted shopper answer to. The british beef we are getting issued in mocking all of. Them the sentences were handed down 8 prison sentences one. In some although half a 1000000 germans were involved in murders under the nazi regime less than 900. 00 not even one percent were convicted. Of. The issue still divides german society. You can subpoena it wasnt just the judges the whole of the federal republic just carried on as if nothing had ever happened in excluding. Pettis reports have had an effect and she wont stop fighting against the hotshots the cover ups and the over all eagerness to forget the nazis crimes. And break up by the right of hope with the exception of the well known nuremberg trial. Reappraisal of nazi crimes as far as thats even possible that has taken place only sporadically but a few were convicted but it was only decades later that we really started to take a closer look at the end to be. And thats how it is to this day. On the fire what we thought are. In the 1949 shortly after the federal republic was established in western germany the german democratic republic was founded in east germany it considered itself anti fascist andra its raison detre from its renunciation of its nazi past. We are starting over from scratch was the founding myth that was supposed to underpin support for the communist state. Is germany demonstrated its hardline towards nazi crimes in 1950 when it brought more than 3400. 00 cases to court some of the defendants were indeed nazi criminals but many were innocent people caught in show trials. The accused were held in any humane conditions and often refuse defense lawyers the evidence brought against them was flimsy at best and the sentences were decided on in advance. 24 defendants were sentenced to death and over 2000 sent to prison. Even years later critics of the trial was silenced as nazis loyal to the Ruling Communist Party<\/a> would let off the hook. In. The ruling party dominated all decisions in east germany on the same went for the judiciary the judges were of course all part of the s. C. D. And as such they applied the l. C. D. s guidelines to each of their cases. For game hard. Hitting stuff on the island of. To. Day it is still a popular seaside resort on the baltic sea. Seaside holidays were very popular in the young east germany everyone should be able to enjoy them. But the citizens right to a holiday was supplanted by the socialist concept of holidays for all. The Free German Trade Union<\/a> federation f. T. G. Be took over organizing them. But whereas the federation could supply the holiday fund it didnt have its own hotels instead it had to pay privately owned hotels and guesthouses for seaside accommodation. For many years that was a thorn in the side of east germanys leadership until 953 when it launched operation. Police stormed over 700. 00 private hotels and guesthouses arresting the owners and seizing their property under spirit claims. From. The still in east germany there were several ways of dispossession destroying the middle class and clearing away the remains of what they called capitalism and they always found an ideological excuse claiming the people targeted had been nazis or opposed to socialism is good for them. And they did the same thing to workers tradesmen. But like Small Business<\/a> owners hotel owners it was simply robbed the blankets. Of their money and his wife the bill are still living with the fallout this dark chapter in the history of the east german legal system change their lives for ever. These are all built something up with your own 2 hands and then suddenly its gone the property the land the building and everything that went into it was gone from it was a foreigner. Here tell us the black used to belong test grandparents the raids on it was a done and the other seaside resort started at dawn the Peoples Police<\/a> searched houses and interrogated their owners before charging them as criminal suspects so to elizabeth and quit them and. Because for the verdict was set before the trial even began my grandparents were sent to prison as white collar criminals my grandmother got 3 years my grandfather got 5. Years because of the expropriation. After his release over their grandfather returned to hearing stores and worked in a shop selling gross chicken. Later both grandparents fled to the west. Of me 1st my grandfather never understood what he possibly could have done wrong he had employed about 20 people. He never really got over it and died a broken man because he just couldnt comprehend it. Hed been a passionate cook and had never taken much interest in politics his kitchen had been his living room. And you could never grasp why anyone would live in a system that claim to make everything better this namely. More. Over there man had only known it was a dumb from the tales his now deceased grandparents would tell but then in 990. 00 they reunification treaties stated that all expropriated property should be returned to its rightful owners. To through many tears have been shed thats why it became so important to me and my wife we were determined to rebuild it and if there is such a thing as an afterlife maybe someone out there is watching us. I took the reunification of east and west to right so many wrongs in east germany citizens couldnt just sue the state the party had declared that it was above the law. Did that make east germany and unjust state. Dog the term unjust state isnt quite precise east germany wasnt a just state in the sense of being constitutional there was no independent judiciary when there was no equality before the law or having so to that extent it had no constitutional foundation. Of course or at least germany had laws that it applied in its rulings by the s. C. D. s dominant role was stipulated by the constitution which undermined any freedoms laid down and. The federal republic in west germany was a constitutional state with basic rules that apply to all citizens this also included article 3 of the basic law all persons shall be equal before the law and paragraph 2 specifies men and women shall have equal rights. The main force behind democracy in this country is article 3 the promise of equality. And this promise of equality is based on the idea that men and women have equal rights. This driving principle comes with the promise that social inequality will be addressed in a democratic and political fashion and possibly even redressed politician from the chavez of. 3 vote should get to go back. In the 1950s equality for women in the west was still any an article in the basic law its into mentation and concrete laws was still a long way off women were still subordinate to their husbands they needed his permission to work or to open an account he also had the final say in education and schooling. From 950. 00 on women in east germany were better off they were expected to work and were less dependent on their husbands they had more rights under family law and better access to childcare mia for only in the product youll hear that these of all dont at least i imaging devices may give them gifts of these a belief a kind that is about this man is in law said to me youre taking a shit like that in order constructive and didnt fall and. Begin to be the. Kind i dont want kind bill frist invite you can living in for the going on this morning on a list we have these inflationary. Been invested. I was born in west germany. Is how ive noticed that the women i know who grew up living in east germany are in many ways in shall we say less sensitive and said how that has a lot to do with the fact that social reality in east germany was so different i phone how it was normal for women to work abroad they were a natural part of the labor force out of the public sphere tired of all does that wasnt at all the case in west germany i hope mystified. Bunny school in northern germany so they clear. Has lived here for over 50 years a form of found there and may or she was long seen as a paragon of east germanys state sponsored emancipation. To get equal rights for women east germanys social political aspiration. Rivonia was born here we were so involved in day to day business that we didnt have much time to think about what west german women were doing. I just always felt sorry for them. From what we learned from newspapers or television they didnt have the same opportunities that we did as women. In fact here in east germany women who didnt work were actually a bit of an oddity. Since you. Know it was completely normal for women to go to work the phones were like. The Agricultural Production<\/a> cooperative l. P. G. He kept assigning him more one more time until she ended up in charge of the livestock breeding units. And then the chairman of the time said the time had come for me to take over as chair. I was still a young woman. On the one hand i was happy proud to be entrusted with something so big. On the other hand i was quite dotted by the task and to make matters worse i was pregnant when he asked me. And so i said no no i cant im pregnant but its what you said why cant you other women get pregnant too and they do just fine and i thought to myself i think come to think of it hes right i dont feel the other. But even people in east germany had their doubts about full equality at the election 3 men voted against men who thought a woman wouldnt be up to the time after all she was also suppose. To be a good home maker and mother the typical double bed in. 1969 she received the hero of labor board. All your recruits and i mean. That would be he was with some. Big very good mom i think thats the reason i always have my own for me. I dont think i indulged my family too much i think it was all fine but obviously i didnt pamper them or make a huge fuss over them has. Absolutely. Together ideology and economic necessity promoted equality in east germany as labor shortages forced the state all its research. In the west on the other hand it was the womens desire for personal freedom that drove their struggle for equal rights. If at 1st thought for example escaped the confines of the small town of mindon in north germany in 1965 she moved to berlin to study theology. The hope was that i had finally gotten away from home and thought no i am free here in west berlin but society was still very controlling. Old women and pensioners would keep an eye out for any male visitors. And expect to be home by 10 even monitor the way we dressed and were shocked if we were pants on the walls or. If at 1st stop was fascinated by the rebellious Student Movement<\/a> back then but her main priority was equal rights for women she became a pioneer in germanys new womens and peace movement. The private is political they said if a christoper experienced 1st hand what that meant. For the sexual revolution had begun. Yes so we tried out having sex before marriage the consequence was some women became pregnant by accident. Suddenly all these questions arise do i want to keep the child can i study with a child will it ruin my career can i rely on the man i slept with will he be a good father. That i went through the same thing. I had to have an abortion once that was in 1969 when it was still illegal. That was soon to change. In the early 970 s. The campaign against paragraph 218 that banned abortion started to take shape. What. Happened but i know i know that if it was that. More and more women demanded the abortion laws which were already 100 years old at the time we reformed with that they sparked a social debate that would continue for decades to come but the social upheaval ran deeper they have questioned criminal law broken and to big. For women like. It was a measure of self determination. This country. I can still remember how scared i was its taken years to shake off that fear. And to fully accept and stand by the fact that we do indeed have the right to choose for ourselves. In east germany abortion was also to do until 972. 00 then following an emotional debate the fox comma the Peoples Chamber<\/a> passed a law allowing abortion until the 12th week of pregnancy it was the only decision in the chambers history that wasnt passed unanimously. If you do. I believe this law clears the final obstacle to full equality for women. Even but german reunification meant east and west germany laws had to be harmonized it was to take another 5 years to reach a compromise. Now all german women have equal access to abortion under certain conditions. It was. Going to garnish club view its easy to forget just how young our current legal situation actually is yeah and i was once a noisy until 997 rape in marriage was not a criminal offense. The abortion regulations we have today didnt exist until the 1970 s. Highs that means the Womens Movement<\/a> of the sixtys and seventys and even the eightys really laid the foundation for how we live today. Daffodil leaked review heartily and can. Events in 1977 post a fundamental question how far can a state under the rule of law go to defend itself the Red Army Faction<\/a> terrorist group had declared war on the german states in april their sas a native chief federal prosecutor 6 people back his driver and his bodyguard. The horrific via it was a very dangerous situation. The states ability to act and its ability to defend itself against attacks from within were at stake. If terrorists kill or kidnap the countrys top representatives and other officials and the state cant gain control of the situation when it puts the trust placed in a state in question and that can be dangerous to democracy youve heard. On the 30th of july 977. 00 the bank a year than punter was shot dead in his own house it was a failed kidnapping attempt aimed at securing the release of 3 r. A. F. Terrorists goodwin insulin and the esparza and young. All 3 had been imprisoned in a high security jail and stood guard in southwest germany since 974. Yet they still managed to direct the actions of other terrorists fighting on their behalf on the outside. The states reaction was uncompromising and ruthless roadblocks and i did checks by heavily armed Police Officers<\/a> became part of everyday life. Real stories hes launched a dragnet search crunching huge amounts of data to try and identify the terrorists anyone could end up in the investigators crosshairs the presumption of innocence a cornerstone of the rule of law was at risk. Classed flieger was a young Public Prosecutor<\/a> in stuttgart at the time he was shot by the way the state was proceeding. To pollute so i conceive the police carried out intensive checks with a submachine guns at the ready you would fear for your life when you got into those situations and its worth noting that 2 incidents occurred in the wider stuttgart area where Police Officers<\/a> mistook young people for terrorists and shot them dead. Only later did they realize they were wrong you are boycotting a volunteer force before the courts and the district attorneys offices were out of their depth the bundestag hastily changed the code of criminal procedure 4 times restricting fundamental rights to defense in court the authorities even eavesdropped on conversations between the arias prisoners and the lawyers the state justified everything by saying it was in a state of emergency. And this is. In my opinion intercepting talks with the defense counsel in the prison was completely out of line from a legal standpoint the state is not allowed to invoke a supra legal studies of emergency thinks it lacks the relevant laws that it must enact. Nevertheless the situation escalated once more on september 5th the terrorists kidnap the president of the employers the so. And issued an ultimatum his life in exchange for the release of 11 r. A. F. Terrorists currently behind bars 5 weeks later 4 members of an allied Palestinian Group<\/a> hijacked the lufthansa commercial flight line through it and threatened to kill all 86. 00 passengers meanwhile son applied to the federal Constitutional Court<\/a> for a temporary injunction that would force the government to give in to the terrorists demands. Based my case on the fact that our constitution says the state must be primarily concerned with the lives of its citizens. In this particular case it meant that the state had to do everything humanly possible to protect the life of my father who was in immediate danger. To. The constitutional judges in cars who are under massive time pressure to reach a decision they dismissed claim. This sole responsibility now lay with the government of him which it was a serious dilemma. That. Hes being a constitutional state also means not giving up in difficult situations but also not overreacting or betraying fundamental values. Of course it was incredibly difficult in the face of the extremely tense situation in germany at the time and dance music on the 18th of october 1977 German Special<\/a> forces stormed the lancet on the tarmac of mogadishu in somalia 3 of the 4 hijackers were killed all the hostages were set free. That same night in the stuttgart prison until spada young and good one enslin committed suicide in their cells. One smart and schneider was murdered by his captors the police found his body 2 days later in the trunk of a car in the french city of me loose. Since then the German Government<\/a> has refused to release terrorists and paid a high price. Because of our states must be able to withstand many theories no matter how bad they may be up. For example the terrible gamble of whether or not to sacrifice hands martin china in order to avoid making it appear susceptible to blackmail in my eyes there was clearly no other alternative but it shows us our limits. In 989. 00 the iron curtain fell it quickly became clear that they would be only a single united german state in the future but which constitution would it have. The basic law for so 2 possibilities for this case by the east germany would adopt a basically or itself all the new really unified nation would create a new constitution. For months it was hotly debated then on august the 23rd 990. 00 east germanys Peoples Chamber<\/a> in berlin finally decided on the 1st option. Then head of the s. C. D. Successor party p. D. S. Was unable to. His position as far. As. You want to thank. Them and. Article 146. 00 force or referendum to adopt a new constitution to replace the basic nor should germany be reunited. If we had opted for that then there would have been a debate and it might have been decided to adopt all essentials of the basic law and then supplement them isnt that youre from about against us. But facing imminent economic collapse the majority of the only democratically elected Peoples Chamber<\/a> in east germany is history did not want to wait. Things being as they were article 23 the decision to adopt this wonderful basic law was ultimately the only realistic course of action anything else was a lovely dream but it wasnt realistic because we were being rushed there was no time to hold a calm and wide ranging constitutional debate the vast majority of east germany citizens wanted to return to the fold as soon as possible they didnt want a new constitution for fossil. Many former g. D. R. Citizens were now also demanding access to the files of the ministry of state security the shanty surveillance subversion and harassment have been their methods of choice meticulously recorded in mountains of files. This shootings along germanys border were particularly difficult issue east germany had chosen to prevent its citizens from fleeing to the west by any means possible anyone violating the border was to be arrested or exterminated at least 140 p. Well were killed along the berlin wall in learning how was the newly reunited german state to deal with the Border Guards<\/a> who had fired the fatal shots. They have been acting on orders and yet the court saw the killings of those trying to escape as a violation of elementary justice had the actions of the Border Guards<\/a> also been punishable and the east german law germanys rule of law was reaching its limits the 1st trial began in 1991. In the doubt. I had some problems with the way this decision was reached so as terrible as a found the border in the killing is there to be found you can only be punished for offenses that were punishable at the time they were committed. But. Then the attacks on september 11th 2001 suddenly presented a whole new threat was germany prepared well enough to protect its citizens from over threats but what the state do if an aircraft were hijacked and steered say into a crowded stadium in january 2005 the bluntest talk responded to these concerns by passing an Aviation Security<\/a> law. This actual protect against attacks on the safety of air traffic in particular hijackings acts of sabotage and terrorist attacks. If i dont try if i had a high in this case the air security act resolve this tension between freedom and security by stating that if a hijacked aircraft carrying passengers should fall into the hands of terrorists it may be shot down on. Under very specific conditions of course. To save human lives on the ground i mean i would suspect. But can a law actually make that choice. Can legislate to sacrifice a large number of people to save the lives of an unknown number appointed debates broke out over the limits of the law. Hands became the chairman of the professional Pilots Association<\/a> cockpit in 2005 as the pilots elected representative he fought for the controversial law to be overturned. We found the idea incomprehensible that a state would claim the right to take the lives of innocent people it meant we neednt only be afraid of the kidnapper but also of the state itself even though it was supposed to protect our lives. Otherwise it also said shooting down an aircraft would not be an appropriate response and is unlawful according to the principle of proportionality. Ground force and we couldnt even imagine how that would work so germany isnt very big so how would the fighters scramble in such a brief period before the plane arrived and even if you shoot it down there was still the question as to where the debris would fall on over a densely populated country if you dont want to. Cancel placed and members of the bundestag made their case before the Constitutional Court<\/a> he referred to the basic law article one paragraph to the inviolable and inalienable human rights that apply equally to all the Constitutional Court<\/a> declared the Aviation Security<\/a> law unconstitutional. Trial of the hassle to get back to the federal Constitutional Court<\/a>s decision and the debate over the Aviation Security<\/a> act show another strength the the rule of law possesses guns ive heard. In there can be no Simple Solutions<\/a> when human lives are at stake what hed need. The fact that this is what distinguishes a constitutional state. But then some people feel left in the lurch and say they need clear guidelines on how to act is kind of the lemmas its a dilemma there cant be one solution to every problem and at the same time nobody can say that some peoples lives are worth more than other peoples. Legislators also have to respect the principles laid down in the constitution the law protects against despotism nobody is above it in a rapidly changing world laws and even the constitution itself have to be adapted constantly the ongoing struggle over hell best to protect the freedoms of all the countrys citizens is likely to continue for a long time to come. To god. Happy days for parisians mentioned defending that position at the top of the bonus league win at home against i trust frank for. The mood is not so great that by and after an unconvincing win against underdogs in your own but is this true champions look like. Double. Your france and your antonio heres a see here this isnt obvious and as im sitting on a terrace in twilight its peaceful. My 3 grandchildren sleep on trouble thats asked out when i was in france is in germany was split in 2 and remain divided for decades and. Given them when your mother was born in 1969 the woman is already 8 years old. My grandchildren were born after the wall fell born inning financial. Wonderful time a time of great joy. 3 generations one family on a journey through recent german history. This. Starts november 6th on d w. This is due to me to use life from berlin Kurdish Forces<\/a> reveal how they tracked down the Islamic State<\/a> chief all that is left of Abu Bakar Al Baghdadi<\/a> hideout in Northern Syria<\/a> is rubble after the american raid in which he died the kurds say theyve been tracking al baghdadi for 5 months also coming up do not backing down antigovernment protesters in iraq to find an army curfew to stay on the streets until the nations leaders step down. And","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"archive.org","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","width":"800","height":"600","url":"\/\/ia803107.us.archive.org\/10\/items\/DW_20191029_091500_DocFilm\/DW_20191029_091500_DocFilm.thumbs\/DW_20191029_091500_DocFilm_000001.jpg"}},"autauthor":{"@type":"Organization"},"author":{"sameAs":"archive.org","name":"archive.org"}}],"coverageEndTime":"20240716T12:35:10+00:00"}