Transcripts For DW DocFilm - Gustav Stresemann And The Weima

Transcripts For DW DocFilm - Gustav Stresemann And The Weimar Republic 20171008

Made for mines. Was also good news im on a kiss to try to rescue democracy. A peace that was nothing of the kind. Was. The first german democracy was on the edge of bankruptcy and of civil war. He had to assert himself against the enemies of democracy and above all against one of them i dont think were talking about the right chancellor gustaf strays im on. November nineteenth twenty three the leader of the National Socialists tried to topple the. Government in berlin. You know youre just asking. That very same night chancellor strays a man called a crisis meeting yeah listen to what its like if you can which bush did. The president is to. Believe you would believe this is a. Greatest nation just perceives. It. The president and the chancellor hebert and strays and how to act. On the night of the eighth and ninth of november nineteen twenty three the future of the german republic was at stake and he of all people had to come to its rescue. Strays among. A man who during the world war had been an aggressive nationalist who wanted a world wide german empire who believed in the monarchy and lamented its collapse. And now he had composed an appeal for the republic and against hitler. In this hour of just any of the german people we exhort all friends of the fatherland to commit to the preservation of the unity of the right and to german freedom is it as bad as that. Yes. We dont know what the next day will bring. But i will not give in. He knew the. Hitler wanted him out his wife feared for his life kate and gustav strays him and had been married for twenty years and once before his turbulent korea had nearly come to an end. Its had gotten off to a dream start at twenty eight strays a man was the youngest member of the rush tac the German Parliament like the kaiser he dreamed of a world wide german empire. When war broke out in one nine hundred fourteen he demanded conquests in east and west when it was clear that the war was lost he too wanted to restrict the power of the kaiser but he didnt welcome the republic that was proclaimed on the ninth of november one thousand nine hundred eighteen. One. Was a brazen man found himself marginalized meet him says with the end of the imperial regime a mans whole world collapsed. For him personally the end of the war brought a hiatus in his career. And february nine hundred nineteen the freely elected German National assembly met environment the city made famous by good turner and schiller strays him and was the chairman of the newly formed German Peoples Party which wanted a Constitutional Monarchy but now it was the social democrats like friedrich hebert who had to say. That there was nothing there that i thought that i have either but. I think you are right. Here. In the National Assembly the advocates of a republic had a two thirds majority based on the social democrats the left liberals and the Catholic Center party staff strays a man and his German Peoples Party mourns the passing of the old days as a result many saw him as yesterdays man. Made him feel snubbed could anything from god as this to understand. For the first time women could also vote and stand for election when its come and you. Can communicate. With the. Strays a man had gone to weimar with mixed feelings to his wife he wrote today was the solemn opening of the German National assembly or rather should have been in my heart when i live in the old days and it hurts to see how everything has changed and. These feelings were not shared by most. Of the deputies in the next six months they created the legal basis for the new state the constitution of the Weimar Republic the government was no longer responsible to the kaiser but to parliament for the first time in german history sovereignty lay with the people. The new constitution and to take up where the failed revolution of eight hundred forty eight had left off reviving the ideals of the National Assembly that had met in the polls kisha in frankfurt the colors black red gold stood for the tradition of freedom in germany and now they were the colors of the Weimar Republic. But the shadow lay over the new beginning. In the spring of one thousand nine hundred nineteen the victorious powers of the First World War met in verse signed the germans hoped for a soft peace now that the kaiser had abdicated in vain. Unlike america and britain france wanted to weaken germany decisively for its own security. The hall of mirrors in the palace of sign. It was here that the german empire was proclaimed after the victory over france in eight hundred seventy one it was here that bismarck declared a united germany. Half a century later france had its revenge in the same hole now the germans were the defeated party. The representatives of the Weimar Republic had no choice they were forced to acknowledge germanys sole guilt for the war and accept harsh peace terms. The new republic was forced to take on the legacy of the old empire. Here to stray them and oppose the government. Because in we may be lost if we do not sign the peace treaty of using such will certainly be lost if we dont. Stray ziman was unwilling to accept the consequences of a war he had welcomed under the terms of the verse i treaty french belgian and british troops occupied the german rhineland as a guarantee of security germany was forced to pay reparations and lost one seventh of its territory in the west alsace and lorraine was ceded to france in the east posen west prussia and part of up asylum easier to the newly constituted poland but regardless of course there were a whole lot of stipulations in this treaty one might criticize but these problems could have been overcome with the patients and skillful diplomacy among t. V. However that was difficult in view of the nationalist undercurrent is used as an answer not just to clean. Germany was shaken by attempted coup detat the extreme right blame the representatives of democracy for losing the war. Foreign minister volatile ratan i was assassinated as was the former finance minister my ts aunts bagga. The accusation was that the victorious troops had been stabbed in the back by democrats and socialists. Fake news. I wonder if the difference between environment and day lies in the political culture in those days it was usual in many circles to create fundamentally opposing positions and to resort to violence relatively quickly. The nationalists propaganda had an effect. In the first elections to the new rush tag in june one nine hundred twenty the party is supporting the republic social democrats left liberals and center lost their majority the opponents on the fringes gain votes including strays a mans German Peoples Party who share went up from four to fourteen percent making it a force to be reckoned with and the potential Coalition Partner but for whom strays and sense that extremism whether from left or right would drive the state over the edge he realised the republic was a compromise but one worth defending for the sake of internal peace and that rejection was no solution. Treason mondeo and similar to meet him at the end of the war in one thousand nine hundred eighteen it looked as if there is a man was finished but in one thousand nine hundred twenty he was back in there i stuck with this party and straight away they helped the key to the Weimar Republic because the actual supporters of the republican social democrats left liberals and Catholic Center no longer had a majority yet. They were dependent on one of the parties that had originally opposed no theres a public option just like strays a mans Peoples Party. But the crunch didnt come until nine hundred twenty three a year of crisis for the young republic so far only the rhineland had been occupied but in january nine hundred twenty three french and belgian troops marched into the room officially they only wanted to secure a guarantee for the payment of unpaid reparations berlin urged passive resistance two million workers in the ruhr came out on strike. The states paid their wages it didnt actually have the money so it simply printed it which sent the value of the mark tumbling. The resistance was welcomed across party lines the rule was germanys industrial heartland. Whoever controlled the roar control germanys economy the french were well aware of this and fear of their neighbor might become too strong once more. But now the machines were standing idle. In february nine hundred twenty three strays and went to dortmund to firm up support for passive resistance in the occupied territory for papi. The prominent politician had to reckon on being arrested so he travelled on false documents. Long for the here comes. This you know show. And school. Alike if and if as he holds. Only. The situation in the rule was coming to a head. Because of the customs posts food was scarce the French Military set up soup kitchens to gain support but these two were boycotted. By the north of the russian and. After i got kind of life i churned. Out. The mood was explosive there were acts of sabotage clashes deaths. In berlin to the situation was tense in august nine hundred twenty three the government stepped down because of the rule crisis. President friedrich hebert had to nominate a new chancellor it was a tough decision only a Broad Coalition taking in both the Peoples Party and the social democrats seem to have any prospects but for that he needed strays a man on side a vote hesitated. Development money is divine the fansite is off never. Having missions that is what im getting. Feeding a sheen is this i keep pointing to his exploits. On the thirteenth of august nine hundred twenty three hebert appointed strays im an chancellor and shes a money vice consul of wednesdays a man became chancellor it was a political Suicide Mission the weisz was in its most serious crisis since the end of the war the rua struggle have been going on for seven months the economy of the ruin and the rhineland was at a standstill hyperinflation was raging and no one knew what would become of germany wednesdays man said his acceptance of office was political suicide he didnt just mean it metaphorically. We mustnt forget not to now and. Politicians were being murdered in those days and not a lot of. Money was being printed all the time to finance the rule of crisis the currency lost any value it once had the influence you hes on him inflation became an elemental german trauma. That. People had the experience that everything they had saved including the war loans they have made to the state was simply lost. When this had serious effects on peoples confidence in the state and in god and surely of course for the. Strays a man had to act to end the inflation he stopped the passive resistance policy in the rule. But he also had to answer to parliament. The law is just the only thing we have left in the collapse we have the experience. To preserve it now is the jew we have to fulfill. It was a brave speech the right accused him of treason and surrendering to the french once again they said the republican brought the nation to defeat but he had no choice. To beat. He was answered with shouts of coward one deputy said it would cost him his head lets hope so shouted another. Others thought he was abandoning the people of the rule. As for the ending of passive resistance the courage to take this step is perhaps more nationalist than the slogans directed against a time employed i know that im putting my political future. Maybe even my life on the line but what do the german people lack. Only lacked the courage to take responsibility. Strays and ending passive resistance was the moment when he took responsibility for a most unpopular act. And in that sense it was the high point or high point because it showed statesman like qualities knowing that he would be accused of signing a second versailles. There were rebellions all over the country in cold blinds there were attempts to set up a separate rhineland republic in saxony entering year there was an alliance between communists and social democrats a red revolution threatened strays a man sent in the army but the main threat came from the right in the south of the republic. In munich the bavarian government mobilized against berlin taking control of the troops based there joined forces with the socalled fatherland associations extreme right wing bodies including hitlers National Socialist German Workers Party they intended to march on berlin. The chancellor was well aware of this he could deploy the army against the communists in saxony entering year but would it put down a right wing coup counter. On secrecy. Ive been. Thinking of. Going to transit was a bit in your thoughts. Thank you. General hans von seek to was the countrys top soldier was the army prepared to defend the republic against attacks from the right. The situation of the various explosive last saw and hitler may strike at any moment i see the army must be ready. And mr chancellor we cannot fight on too many like you needs if you know you do not have the confidence of the troops that. She felt like so you refuse to follow my oldest. Ok because he will leave it at that for the most. Very well. A disobedient general why didnt strays him and fire him. So hes a monster and in order to nine hundred twenty three of our age seem to be going up in flames strays a man was under enormous pressure at that moment he couldnt enter into open conflict with the high command so he played for time the next to my left side. In munich the opponents of the Weimar Republic were mobilizing. On the eighth of november the Varian States commissioner go stuff own car held a rally in the borgo bro a be a hole. In his speech he sought to whip up opposition to berlin he spoke of shameful treaties. But one man there was tired of words he wanted action hitler saw his chance to strike he demanded that the hesitant bavarian government should join him the host and all those present were taken off guard. But his words were lost in the hubbub witnesses later reported they regarded the whole thing as a pantomime. The nazionale evidence showed his. Yes i was just talking about sex on that show we have afghan men on visits. And as i was. But the hot head from the National Socialist German Workers Party was serious it was. Business and the stuff i did not like dont get inside and comes. You know such its going to give me the feeling that joe. Got shot i say. You know you just. Shortly before midnight the news reached berlin stories him and immediately called a crisis meeting president a but was present both were aware that if it came to the crunch only one man could suppress the coup. Get out. What would be the attitude of the army if hitler marched on berlin up ahead of the battery in troops. The army is behind me. And i fancy mine isnt it oh oh yes it was so what should we do know. Without the army we have no chance. It was still totally uncertain who was really behind the coup. In munich the authorities hesitated to join hitler there was confusion in the whole. Show is that thats had happened often in touch with. Fiddler now revealed his trump card the retired general lute and off during the war he had been head of the high command and was still very popular now he was prepared to be the figurehead of hitlers insurrection. Thank. You very strong emotions two hundred diseased involved and thats only. Off to berlin roared the crowd. The generals appearance clinched the matter one car and the officers present joined the coup attempt. Which is no monarchy almost golf and she was deemed as you know i wouldnt offer other hitler another fun russell. General von law so an enemy of von secrets was supposed to become the defense minister in the new government. This is all this is our chance i dont like these last on hitler he wont take orders from the loss of. His rival naso was to be his boss. Mr president and gentlemen we have to act the coup must be suppressed. Gentlemen i propose to give general fund zick to extend. Emergency powers. Yes. My son doesnt need any harness and i was into his everything he always wanted he has power. As he will ever give it up. Hes a soldier to the bone. Even tried to topple the government. And thats how people run out. Of times out of others as on the one hand hes giving fun zick so much power was a risk on the other hand it put the ball in his court he could no longer avoid doing watched days a man wanted in that sense it was a climbing. Munich on the morning of the ninth of november at first confusion reigned in the city but gradually wood got around that good stuff phone car and general phone law so had distanced themselves from hitler they claimed theyd been blindsided. But hitler unload and off didnt give up with a march through downtown munich they hoped to win popular backing. At about midday they arrived with some two thousand armed supporters at the felde head and hala where they found their way blocked by the Bavarian Police who had been ordered to stop the march by every means possible. And i thought excellent can i tell you don. It was never established who fired the first shot. One village only narrowly missed hitler the man next to him was killed as were fifteen other marches and four policemen. Luden doff was on injured but was arrested on the spot. Hitler escaped but was apprehended four days later. After hitler came to power on the attempted coup which had been an abject failure was imbued with a heroic status every year on the ninth of november the dead were commemorated as martyrs it was above all leniency on the part of the courts that allowed hitlers career to continue luden doff was acquitted and hitler released after thirteen months. After the events in munich things quieten down just a week after the be a whole porch strays him and took another decisive step. The now worthless mark was replaced by a new currency the renton mark a trillion old paper mugs could be exchanged for one renton mark ending hyperinflation at a stroke. Strays a man had steered the republic through its toughest crisis but he came under renewed pressure in the reichstag into th

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