Factors that are considered when we look at president ial effectiveness. The second part id like to look at a few of the more recent president ial elections. We are going to start with this and i am calling on the work of professor robert. A wellknown president ial historian. He writes, the 20th century sought an unprecedented expansion of president ial powers. Primarily due to the division and leadership skills. Nine men who served in the office. Theodore roosevelt, woodrow wilson, Franklin Delano roosevelt, harry truman, dwight eisenhower, john f. Kennedy, lyndon bains johnson, Richard Nixon and ronald reagan. Now professor deluxe analysis only looks at the 20th century. Im going to throw in some of the president s from the 21st century as we go along. If we can go to the first slide. Professor dally talks about the six points. The first one he says is his vision. Then the second second is charisma third is pragmatism. The fourth is consensus building followed by trust their credibility luck and then im going to throw in which is on the last slide which is something that i will call communication competence. Im gonna leave the slides behind for right now. Lets start with vision. Vision according to dallick is that a president s come up with an idea and they help us to develop something that is going to pull us all together. Its going to be something that is going to unify us. Sometimes it comes to us as a enough phrase. A new deal, the new frontier, the great society. These would be the things that are going to occur when we talk about vision. Let me talk about a few of the president s that who were involved with this. Let us start with Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore roosevelt was the first president of the 20th century. He came to the white house at a time when the presidency was pretty weak. It was considered really to be, certainly not what it is today. But roosevelt began to expand that notion of it. Roosevelt looks at the white house as an invitation to opportunity. He talks about something that he calls the swear deal and something he calls the new nationals. The square deal was the idea that people in america were not being treated fairly by the very wealthy in the country, and by the trusts which were groups of people that have come together in the industry to have sway over government. This was going to be a way to deal with that and to make things a little more equitable if you will. The square deal was going to try to establish a balance between what had been the my need interest and give more back to the people. The same was with the new nationalists. The new nationalism was supposed to try to protect Human Welfare and property. We and just to generally improve the lives of americans. To go along with vision, Theodore Roosevelt had an idea that all of us have benefited from. He was a conservationist. It was because of him that we eventually had and now have the National Park system. The National Parks of course, enjoyed by millions of people every year, are an enduring legacy to tea are. Another person with vision, wilson who spoke about something called the new freedom. The new freedom stood for the idea of restoring unfettered opportunity for individual action and being able to employ the power of the government on behalf of social justice. This is interesting that this comes from olson. If youve been following what has transpired since the death of george floyd, then you know that some of the ideas that wilson expressed were very systemic in nature. He did not seem to propound those ideas during the white house and instead really did fight for some social justice visions and legislation. If youre looking for the Gold Standard as far as vision, the person we need to think about it is Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt of course comes to the white house at a most serious time in american history. Its the depth of the depression. 25 Million People are out of work. He goes to the Democratic National convention, he becomes the first modern president ial candidate to fly to a convention. Just the fact that he flew was a big deal. Because president ial candidates were not flying around in the 1930s. He flew to chicago and he stood in front of the people and said, i pledge you i pledge myself to a new deal for the american people. That showed extraordinary vision on the part of fdr. I assume that many of you know about some of the accomplishments of the new deal, but during the first 100 days then we now talk about 100 days of every president ial administration, some of the legislation that would become part of this new deal is put into effect. It includes things like the aaa which is the agricultural adjustment act. It includes federal emergency relief agency. Includes the National Recovery act. Interesting way, when it finally pulls the country out of the depression, i want to know if anyone knows the answer to this what is it . It goes beyond the new deal and gets the country out of the depression. Does anyone know . Hard for me to see. The someone want to speak out . Yeah world war ii. Thank you chase. Absolutely. All of a sudden putting people back into factories, and being part of the War Industries and yes, finally world war ii extracts and lift us up from the terrible hold of the depression. Roosevelt does something as part of his vision that speaks to communication and is really considered extraordinary. He decides he is going to talk to the people on radio. And of course, the series of chats that he gives, the series of talks become known as the fireside chats. Of course would always makes me smile is there were no fireside, he was speaking from the white house but it did not matter. People felt that roosevelt was talking to them. President s have given speeches, but roosevelt was talking to people. When roosevelt died, a man stopped his wife on the street. He said to her mrs. Roosevelt i miss your has been. I miss the way that he used to talk to me about my government. Its extraordinary. Certainly no one would say that about any of our past president s, perhaps in the last 25 or 30 years. That even i could recall. By the way people seem to think that roosevelt was constantly on the radio. Constantly speaking and giving these fireside chats. In fact over the almost 13 years that he served in the white house, he gave 31. That was it. Moving on with the idea of vision. John f. Kennedy comes to the white house in 1968 any tax about something called the new frontier. New is a big word for president s. Kennedy says that he wants to see money spent on social reform and welfare. As well as theyre being ambitious projects like going to the moon. Unfortunately he never lift to see it. But it happened before the end of the decade. Other things that happen during his time went along with his vision. But perhaps nothing more than something that he had announced at my alma mater the university of michigan. He announced that the steps of the Student Union on october 28th 1960 at midnight when he told thousands of students that he was going to be proposing something called the peace corps. It remains today, and is an enduring legacy of john f. Kennedy. One last person with a vision that he tried to follow through on was Lyndon Johnson who followed kennedy upon his assassination. He talked about something called the great society. Johnson was never a great speaker. When i talk about the importance of being a good speaker as president. He too, wanted very much to improve a life of citizens. During his time in office we get medicare, Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights act of 1965. Good johnsons reputation unfortunately is always associated with the vietnam war, which she could not get out of and forces him in march of 1968 to say in a radio address, i will not see pour except another term as your president. He realized that he lost credibility, things were not going to go well from that point on a second point that professor dallick talks about is charismatic. What does it mean . It means it makes things exciting for people. Certainly, we have had president s that have done that for us. I mentioned roosevelt a few moments ago, with his use of radio. He made it exciting for people to be involved with the recovery of the country. Things were getting a little better. It was a cheerleader for that. John f. Kennedy, again a lot of charisma. He was the youngest man to serve as president. In so doing, if there was a sense of vitality. It was an exciting time to be an american. Some of you who are listening tonight, may recall that there was a record album that came out during kennedys time in office, its called the first family. They made terrific fun of the entire kennedy klein. The one that seem to enjoy the most was john kennedy. When he was asked about it, he said yeah i think i feel like we did a good job, truth of the matter i think he sounded more like my brother teddy than me. There was a nice sense of hip and help deprecating humor. It was very nice. Another president with great charisma ronald reagan. Reagan of course at a background as he came from acting, and switched to politics. Later on in his life. He started life out and case youre not familiar with this as a democrat leader and later became a republican. He was elected as a republican president in 1980. Again theres always that sense of excitement, that things are going to happen. These people are not going to sit still. Finally, im going to include in that group barack obama. Barack obama burst on to the political scene in 2004, when he gave the keynote address at the Democratic National convention. And excited a lot of people, many people walked away from that and said this young man has a good future coming in politics. And of course four years later, he was running for president and of course he was elected. Well talk about this in a little bit. He had tremendous rhetorical skills. He is a wonderful speaker. That really stood him in good stead. As you could see, the slide professor dallick talks about pragmatism. It is of course the idea of being practical, but being true. Of moving the country to where you think it should be. Im only going to use one example here. And it does involve Franklin Roosevelt. Its such a good example that i think it really does speak for itself. America was very isolationist after world war one. The country simply did not want to get involved in any more foreign wars. The neutrality act ive been passed. Technically, you could not declare war. Roosevelt was watching what was going on in england. But watching whats going on around the world. Hitler had come to power, Benito Mussolini had come to power with the fascists in italy. There was a large Movement Toward military tends toward japan. Roosevelt was aware of this. He was watching it but he could not do anything. Because the country and the congress are isolationist. They dont want anything to do anything. Things get really desperate for the english they are being bombed mercilessly by germany. By the way if you want to read an excellent book about the bombing and what was going on at this point in the American British relationship i recommend to a book by eric larsen the came out this year called the splendid and the vile. Wonderful history of what went on. At any rate, churchill is appealing almost daily to roosevelt saying please, we will not be able to hold out against killer much longer. Roosevelt is trying to move the American Public and congress towards helping. They are not buying it. Finally he gives the speech. Im going to read a quick excerpt from the speech. He says to them he says to the congress and the country, suppose my neighbors home catches fire. I have a length of garden hose four to 500 feet away. If he could take my garden hose and connected up with his hydrant, i may help him to put out his fire. What do i do . I dont say to him before that operation neighbor, my garden hose cost me 15 dollars. You have to pay me 15 dollars for it. What is the transaction that goes on . I dont want 15 dollars. I want my garden hose back after the fire is over. And what roosevelt is saying to the congress and the american people, we have these old battleships. They are standing and they are in dry dock. Were going to share them. We need to share them with the british people. We are going to do like this garden knows. There will be a land. The british are going to pay us but then they are going to give them back. Mr. Know roosevelt knew they were never coming back. He needed to move people forward. He was very pragmatic about that. He used this speech and then we ended up in britain and you will know fortunately the end of the story. Moving on. The can to consensus building. Consensus building is the idea come to give you an example here from Lyndon Johnson its about civil rights. Maybe its no surprise to anyone, but the opposition to civil rights was extreme, better there was any number of votes that were taken earlier where civil rights was voted down. But finally, Lyndon Johnson interesting lee a southerner, is able to put together a coalition of democrats and republicans who believe in doing the right thing in social justice. And johnson goes out and he sells it to the people. And he gets the consensus. He built the support and civil rights passes. It is the law of the land. Trust your credibility. If you have if you have no trust or credibility, youre pretty much done as president. If anyone remembers with president jimmy carter. Carter lost his credibility over a number of things that he was doing. And really doomed his presidency. For johnson, he lost that trust and credibility because of vietnam. People did not trust him anymore. The question has been raised, though i am not sure that we will see it play out again for a while, whether President Trump has lost a lot of credibility in regard to coronavirus. We will see. That one has yet to be played out. We will see this fall. I think that probably donald trump is very unlucky. He was kind of moving along very well to reelection, because the economy was quite good. And then coronavirus hit and turned all of our lives upside down. I have a question. And again anyone please yell it out. Does anyone know, who is considered to be the unlucky is the president s . Would be considered to be the most unlucky president of the 21st century . President nixon . Why would president nixon be considered a look unlucky as president . Think of an event out of their control. There were certain issues when president nixon could have done some controlling with watergate. Going once . Going twice . Kennedy . Why would he be considered the unlikeliest president . Because he was assassinated. I yes being assassinated is a very unlucky thing but no. It was Herbert Hoover. Why him . He comes to office in march of 1929. By the way he always gets a bad rap. He was a brilliant man, i had fed much of europe after world war one. Comes to the white house, hes in office its march, and then in october of 1929, the stock market crashes and the Great Depression begins. One historian wrote, that Herbert Hoover came to the white house it was obliged to patch. It was pretty unlucky. Harry truman used to say that Herbert Hoover did not create the depression. The depression was created for him. But it did not matter. He could not help the United States to push out from the weight of the depression. He lost the election of 1932 to Franklin Roosevelt in a landslide. Understanding that luck would have this effect for certain president s. Its the same thing for donald trump. He did not create the coronavirus, but he is dealing with the effects of it. Weve been living through trying to get back to some kind of normalcy. I have one last thing to add. That is the point that i added. Which is communication competence. I believe this is important i base it off my own experience of watching president s and studying them for a long time. What i found is that a president , or president ial campaigners to like were seeing right now have to be both effective in their discourse and appropriate. You need to be at least a decent speaker, better if you are a good speaker best if you are an exceptional speaker. Among exceptional speakers, we would certainly have to put barack obama, we would have to put Franklin Roosevelt, maybe in the next tier down, perhaps bill clinton. These were people who could take advantage of situations rhetorically and all of them also had the facility to adapt to changing conditions. If things suddenly could shift, then we know they were able to respond rhetorically. Other parts of this two would be being grammatical correct this and cadence being able to string ideas together. If we were looking towards maybe the bottom layer, george w. Bush was not a particularly articulate president. Donald trump is not particularly articulate. Though he has the benefit of great resources in media and getting his message out. Thats a different story. But communicator competence is an issue. As we look at the 2020 race, i think we are all wondering about joe biden. And just how competent a speaker he is. Unfortunately he has had his issues with gaffes over the years, this is something if they hired me right now to work with him, and by the way joe i am available. Im available to anyone. I would work with him on communicator competence. And being able to frame thoughts and being able to produce good strong rhetorical responses. I have a question if you dont mind. Please go. We talked about joe bush and joe biden, they are both but things they tend to like about them is they have a folks vibe. They are not particularly eloquent. I was wondering how that plays into communication competence. Some people do love that these sounds like youre uncle at a barbecue. They have that hometown vibe. I think that is a great point. I really do. I think with certain people, and i think that this does work for joe biden. I think it did work for george w. Bu