The next to last United Nations conference pays tribute to secretary of state. He has now named United States representative to the new international organization. It presented with a scroll in recognition of his efforts. [applause] and a history making moment as lord halifax calls for a standing quote on International Organizations and the heads of the 50 United Nations counted. Ns rise to be the vote is unanimous. As the session adjourns, the delegates burst into applause. A charter of a new world is born. Arriving in San Francisco is president harry s. Trueman. Hes met with the u. S. Delegates and the chiefs of the 49 other delegations. Among them, south africa and the Prime Minister of canada, mr. Mackenzie king. President truman leaves for a brief tour through San Francisco. His is the first visit to San Francisco by a chief executive in seven years. Half a million citizens turn out to hail the president ial motorcade. [cheering and applause] as mr. Truman arrives, 63 days of concerted International Efforts are climaxed in the signing of the United Nations charter. First to sign is china, the first nation that suffered axis aggression. It is signed with a traditional chinese brush. The delegation of the soviet union, the ambassador signing for russia. Great britain is represented by her delegation chairman, lord halifax. The republic of france acting delegation chairman. 38 of 50 nations to sign is the United States of america. The secretary of state. Ladies and gentlemen, we are all aware that this is an extremely historic occasion. The charter for world peace has been completed, but this is not the end, it is only the beginning. The great path lies before us. It is our solemn sacred duty to see to it that the United Nations comes into being and fulfills its promise. With faith in our cause and will in our hearts, and determination to work unceasingly for this end, i am confident that with gods help we will reach our goals. [applause] narrator senator connolly is next to sign for the United States. Senator arthur vandenberg. [applause] commander harold sachsen, former governor of minnesota. A vital and difficult job well done. Appearing before the last formal session of the United Nations conference, president truman congratulate the 280 delegates and expresses the worlds hopes for the new international organization. The charter of the United Nations which you are now signing is a solid structure upon which we can build for a better world. History will honor you. Between the victory in europe and the final victory in japan, in this most destructive of all wars, you have won a victory against war itself. If we had had this charter a few years ago, and above all, the will to use it, millions now dead would be alive. If we should falter in the future in our will to use it, millions now living will surely die. There is a time for making plans and there is a time for action. The time for action is here now [applause] let us therefore each in his own nation and according to its own way, seek immediate approval of this charter and make it a living thing. By this charter, you have moved toward the goal for which that gallant leader in the second world struggle worked and fought and gave his life, Franklin D Roosevelt this is rising on strong foundations. Let us not fail to establish a worldwide rule of reason, to create an enduring peace under the guidance of god. [applause] narrator on a note of enthusiasm unequaled among nations in history, the San Francisco conference is adjourned. In the u. S. Congress and among free people everywhere, the efforts of the chief architect of the u. N. Are remembered. Remember the words he spoke shortly before he died. Except the results of this conference and the beginning of a permanent structure of peace upon which we can begin to build under god that better world to which our children and grandchildren yours and mine children and grandchildren of the whole world must live and can live. You can watch archival films on real america. Sunday. And here on history tv. Tvday, American History visits the Jim Crow Museum in michigan to see a selection of artifacts from their collection. Here is a preview. David pilgrim has collected everyday objects that dehumanize africanamericans. The founder of Jim Crow Museum argued that although the artifacts are offensive, they can be used as teaching tools. A struggling white stage a persona of a buffoon and started entertaining audiences. He was not the first person to imitate blackface and blacks as fulls, but first but probably the first to become famous. Hisnot very long stage name was jim crow. He hit it at some point became a synonym for all the ways that blacks were mocked, belittled, and discriminated against. They have some base understanding that the whites only s i know that when people talk about, they have an understanding that the laws were created at a specific point in time and we educate people here at the museum that those laws were all over the country and a different point in the jim crow period. , bute laws are critical the systems at not just run on laws. It also ran on customs and practices. Where you may not have had as many laws, you still had jim crow practices. Practices that supported the racial hierarchy. When that failed, you had violence. ,n the threat of violence symbolic violence, is actual physical violence. I do not think this is a mistake. It could not have existed in this country without violence. It just could not. We have added another layer to that understanding because we made the point that the system is propped up by millions of everyday objects. Postcards. Ashtrays. Incense burners. Pernicious ways to spread racist propaganda. You name an everyday object, and the idea that jim crow was reflected in those objects, which in turn shaped future attitudes about africanamericans. Museumn more about the on sunday at 6 00 p. M. Eastern here on American History tv. This is American History tv on cspan3. Each weekend, we explore our nations past. Next on the presidency, we hear from archivist craig wright about a road trip that first Lady Lou Hoover took with her newly widowed father, traveling from california to washington, d. C. Long before there was an interstate highway system. Her father documented the september 12 to october 16th trip down to how much they spent on gas. His four page summary is in the collection of the Herbert Hoover president ial library museum. It is quoted during this talk. The hoover president ial Foundation Provided this video. Jerry welcome to our Third Thursday Program series. I am the president and ceo of the hoover president ial foundation. We are glad you are here with us today. Our partners for the Third Thursday Program are the hoover president ial library museum, hoover historic site, West Branch Public Library and the hoover president ial foundation. Todays speaker is craig wright. Craig is the supervising