Watch tonight and enjoy American History every night. Up next, a 1945 newsreel about events leading up to the decision to release the bomb. Following his arrival, president truman reviews the 2nd armored division. Accompanied by the secretary of state, he rides down the autobahn to berlin, where men and vehicles are lined up for a president ial inspection. On 18th july, they are guests of premier stalin. A group proceeds to the garden of the villa. The formal sessions get under way. Premier stalin exchanges handshakes. Now shaking hands with the russian premier becomes englands Prime Minister by virtue of his labor partys victory in the elections. Earnest bevin succeeds as foreign secretary. Between sessions, president truman talks about generals. Fleet admiral leahy is also present in the potsdam white house. On 26th july, a joint declaration from president truman and retiring churchill, they call on the japanese government to surrender unconditionally. It follows. The british entire and of china, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from the west are poised to strike the final blows upon japan. Additional films on the invasion of borneo by troops of the australian 7th division, at the staging area, a vast supply of materiel is loaded. The operation is under the joint command of australian and american officers. Due to the shallow beaches, the australians are forced to wade through water above the waist to board the lcis. Over 300 ships of the u. S. 7th fleet and Royal Netherlands Navy participate in the invasion. Rocket ships help with the defenses, taking part in the defense aerial that preceded the invasion. Clouds of black smoke from burning oil tanks and refineries hang over the beach, as guns fire at our fleet understand offshore. Landon craft bring the australians to shore. The european suburb here. After quickly establishing a beachhead, infantry push inland past the flaming ruins of buildings and military installation. Enemy small arms and mortar fire is encountered, as they strategically take over the ridge overlooking the city. Infantry flame throwers destroy, the few natives remaining are rounded up by the australians. Many are starved and malariaridden. Knocked on the enemy coastal guns. 17 of 28 known were destroyed about i flames of the 13th air force. Captured japanese antiaircraft, similar to that employed by salvaging wrecked trucks at a maintenance battalion area on okinawa. The trucks are stripped and motors sent to the shops for a complete reconditioning. The motors are first placed on a conveyer where the sub assembly is removed. Theyre then checked to determine the extent of the repair necessary. A steam jenny is used to give them a thorough cleaning. Various parts are then removed and carries to individual engine stands where the mechanics work on them. The valve assemblies are removed and the blocks placed on stands where the cylinders are machine honed. Worn parts are replaced and where possible, are parts are reconditioned and used again. The reconditioned motors are given a test shake down before being put to work again. Also in okinawa, m4 tanks equipped with modified m2 a1 personnel mine. M6 bazooka rocket used as detonator. These antipersonnel mines close or suicidal attack by enemy personnel. Brackets to hold the mines are welded on the tank turret. A wiring system inside the tank furnishes the Electrical Condition between the mine brackets and the central switch which controls firing of the mines. Each bracket has an electrical contact point against which the mine is fitted when placed in the bracket. Inside the steel flange tube is a rejected mortar projectile weighing three pounds and filled with 0. 34 tnt. Ignition of the base charge projects it six feet before detonation occurs. Effects of the projectile is casualties within ten yards of the blast. Lieutenant general john hodges, colonel r. W. Daniels and Army Officers are present at field tests of the modified m281. Assembly of the navy 12 centimeter incendiary rocket. Projectiles, 28 1 2 long and weighing 51 pounds on okinawa by 105th infantry regiment. This is the motor base plate and grid. The six position openings or offset orifices giving stabilizing. One short and seven long sticks of dark brown powder. Each stick has a lodge tud national preparation. Unscrewing the motor body from the warhead. The rockets aerial burst fuse is in effect a powder delay train allowing the projectile to travel 2,000 to 3,000 yards before detonation of the main charge, which is housed in this warhead motor adapter. The warhead body is a onepiece steel cylinder with welded nose and contains a metal canister filled with 62 metal encased incendiary pellets. Runing the length of the cylinder and centrally located is a small burster tube containing five acid pellets. Testing one of the sticks of propellant by igniting the smokeless powder. Demonstrating the assembly of the incendiary canister, a label contained in the rocket motor of a captured projectile refers to the incendiary power as special compound. The pellets are easily ignited. Rockets are test fired by the 95th ordinance bomb disposal squad using a specially constructed launcher. Since no primers were recovered with the rockets, electric blasting caps are affixed to set off the projectiles. Its believed that the japs intended the rocket for use on suicide boats. In these tests ordnance experts study the rockets general flight characteristics. An okinawa native guides an american patrol through the islands rugged interior on a rare mission. Walking closest by the old man is his son, a gi named frank higashi. Hes assigned as an interpreter with one of the army divisions. In 1912, the father left okinawa and resided for a time in los angeles where frank was born. The family returned to the island while frank was still a boy, but eight years ago, he left alone for the states and lived in california until inducted in the army. While frank was landing on okinawa as a u. S. Soldier, the family was fleeing in terror. By chance, the son heard news of his father, who now leads him into the hills for a family reunion. The meeting takes place somewhere between nago and nagitaki. Frank poses with a survivor members of his family. His mother died while he was in the states. But several relatives, including an 80yearold grandmother, are on hand to greet the american soldier. Frank meets his younger brother, wounded when our troops landed. He explains he was then undergoing compulsory Japanese Military training. A 7yearold nephew happily shares the limelights with his american uncle. With frank in the patrol, they leave their isolated retreat, military government is providing new quarters for the family. Frank reportedly is submitting an application for dependency allotment, whether this will be granted on the unusual circumstances is subject to a decision from official sources. M26 prime movers transport the tube and base for the 919 millimeter motor, little david. A 12foot pit is dug with timber flooring to facilitate placement of the assembly and fire the loads. A 12 degree slope serves as an entrance ramp. The 46 1 2ton base is backed into the pit. Builtin hydraulic jacks lift it so the bogey can be removed via train and the prime mover driven out again. Back filling by bulldozer, angle dozer, or other earth moving machinery is the next step. To minimize the rearward motion when firing, its recommended that the backfill be tamped solidly. A timber runway is constructed. Enabling the 40ton tube to be driven directly onto the base. The supports align with the trunnion jacks by use of a builtin cross speed screw. Hydraulic pump and valve system within the base raises the jacks which lift the trunnion supports, permitting the carrier to be driven away. The jacks are then lowered and the tube drops until the elevating rack is engaged with the elevating pinion. The sight is attached and the Remote Control connection made. A hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor mounted on the elevating segment is used to pump the tube into battery position. The base unit of the propelling charge is inserted using a powder charger equipped with a pair of telescoping tubes. The largest caliber mortar ever built, the little david, was conceived and designed as a special assault weapon where heavy power is required against unusually resistant targets. Loading the preengraved projectile t1, which weighs 3650 pounds, elevation of the mortar after the shell has been aligned and entered to the deep end of the rotating band enables it to slide down to a seat at the rear end of the tube. The pieces traverse by power to the correct position. The bright surface indicated the tubes recoil, 24 1 2 inches. This surface changes from the lower to the upper edge of the trunnion ring as the piece is pumped into battery position, shown by a light in the Remote Control box. Holding the piece in battery in one hand, the gunner pushes the button. All firing in this demonstration is with instantaneous fuse. Muzzle velocity 12 who feet per second. Maximum range, 9500 yards. Craters average 38 feet in diameter and 13 feet deep. With an appreciably greater depth of distributed soil. Cspan has unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, supreme court, and Public Policy events. You can watch all of cspans Public Affairs programming on television, online, or listen on our free radio app, and be part of the National Conversation through cspans daily Washington Journal Program or through our social media feed. Cspan, created by americas Cable Television companies as a public service, and brought to you today by your television provider. 75 years ago this month, the u. S. Detonated atomic bombs over hiroshima and nagasaki, japan. Killing over 130,000 people, mostly civilians. Over the next several hours, well look at the explosions overall effect on hiroshima. We begin with the 1962 documentary on how atomic bomb survivors and their children handled the aftermath, and then a discussion on films showing the aftermath of the bombing. Many were confiscated by the u. S. And held in secret for years. Youll see portions of some of those films. After that, a 1945 War Department film on the final months of the u. S. Air campaign against japan. And later, how president harry truman came to the decision to use the atomic bomb, all ahead here on cspan3. Week nights this month, were featuring American History tv programs as a preview of whats available every weekend on cspan3. Tonight, a look at the uss indianapolis. On july 30th, 1945, two japanese torpedos sunk the uss indianapolis in shark infested waters. Only 317 out of 1196 crew members survived. They were not rescued for several days. On the 75th anniversary of the ships sinking, congress awarded the entire crew the congressional gold medal, its highest civilian honor. Watch tonight beginning at 8 00 eastern, and enjoy American History tv this week and every weekend on cspan3. Next on reel america, a thousand cranes, the children of hiroshima. Betty jean lifton was inspired to make this 20minute film while living in hiroshima, japan, and in the summer of 1962 and learning cancer from radiation was continuing to affect atomic bomb survivors and their children. Narrated by ms. Lifton, it documented the origins of hiroshimas peace park and tells the story of how handmade paper cranes became a symbol of peace and remembrance of the victims of the atomic bombing of the city