The Federal Building has been blown up. Holy cow. [sirens blaring] welcome to the Emergency Education net work. Tonight, live from Oklahoma City, managing terrorism events, the oklahoma experience. And now, your host ken hines. Ken good evening and welcome to the Emergency Education network. Im ken hines, your host for this broadcast which is coming to you live from the Firefighters Memorial museum in Oklahoma City, oklahoma. E title of this broadcast is managing terrorism events. Tonight, its affecting every nation including our own. It leaves a trail of anger, fear and frustration in its path. Its name is called terrorism, a word that has been ringing in our ears all too frequently of late. Oklahoma city, oklahoma, is a city that just over a year ago experienced a devastation of mammoth proportion as a massive truck bomb exploded. This violent act of terrorism killed and injured hundreds of victims and caused severe damage, Emergency Personnel and Law Enforcement officers from every corner of the country worked around the clock in and around the remains of the Federal Building to extricate survivors, retrieve victims and search for clues to the cause of this horrific scene. Now, it seemed as though the entire nation stood Still Holding its breath watching as the death toll continued to climb, trying to comfort the families of those locked inside the rubble this tremendous tragedy of lost lives in Middle America is one that we will not soon forget. Well start tonights program with an overview of the initial response by representatives of Oklahoma Citys fire, police, e. M. S. And public works. Now, we will learn from these departments how corporation was not only required but vital between response and enforcement personnel as this disaster scene became a crime scene. Our focus will look one year later at the aftermath, what we have learned and how we can become better prepared as a result of this terrible, terrible emergency. We will hear from Technical Response trainers from virginia s they describe how training initiatives have changed nationwide. Youll be able to speak to our presenters during two callin sessions and share your views and opinions with them. Now, we are very, very fortunate to have with us tonight a group of expertses who were the first on the scene after this terrible bombing incident occur. The first 12 hours were critical in caring for the injured. Lets welcome fire chief gary marrs. The chief was involved from the very beginning and he will give us an overview of what they encountered. Ill let you begin. Mr. Marrs thank you. April 19th, of 1995, certainly started out as a typical spring day in oklahoma. Warm and sunny. And of course, the explosion occurred. You see that this picture here is pretty indicative of the type of debris that was laying around ugh building. The first crew were approaching this scene from the west as was the incident commander. But this is pretty indicative of what they were finding in the streets. You see a lot of debris out of the building, briefcases, equipment. We were encountering a lot of the walking wounded which inhibited the response coming down the street. We found many damaged building d the walking wounded coming up. We had kind of a staggered response coming in. We had a lot of other buildings damaged also. As you can see the smaller buildings in the foreground the athenia ources and the building received severe building and one of the first seen. And the residential complex also had a lot of people coming out of it, evacuating that building. You see the Motor Vehicle from the car fires, parking lot across the street was certainly inhibiting the view and blocking some of the view as was the dust from the explosion itself. The all the fires that we had were ithe parking lot, the cars that were on fire. We had no fire in any of the buildings whatsoever that morning. So all the fire that was fought was in the first 30 minutes or so until we could get those car fires extinguished and the remainder of our operations were rescue operations. One of the first things that we did was, we had so many structures that were damaged and had people in them that we set up, incident command system where each of the building was a sbrate division. Rather than setting up an incident command for each building, we worked under one incident command and set the building as a division. So we had a regency dedivision and so on and so forth. Some of it involved some of the floor areas that were Still Standing in the murough building. You see a picture where the rescue operations on the north building. U see the aerial footage working the east part of the building. And 100foot aerial came up between those two. So we had three aerial apparatus working the building. We had numerous building that could free themselves or gottfried very easily could also make it off of the south side of the building down a stairwell that remained in tact. We had a lot of foot traffic coming on to a plaza. But all of the north side rescues were taken off of this aerial apparatus. Our initial command most area was at 6th and harvey which was one block north of the building. You can see the pictures that some of the agencies are starting to command here. And set up here. The some of the hanging debris and rubble that were being cleared in that first day, i think we have another slide coming up here. The this is pretty typical of the hanging debris in the building that were certainly presenting a hazard. Some of the rescues taking place in front of the building, we had one of the civilian rescuers, a nurse was struck by something fallen off one of the floors and died later in the hospital. But the initial search and rescue of the building come off of the rebel pile and the remaining floors. We started to address those longterm issues starting to worry about we knew he was going to go into the night looking at lighting, food, nitation problems at the building. We knew later in the day we knew we had the urban search and rescue team. We needed a larger logistic area. We started getting those things the supplies and things that we needed. That we knew we were going to need in that longterm operation. And then by nightfall, the first teams arrived on the scene and we started working coordinating with them. As you can see we had storms an high winds moving in. I mentioned it at the start of the morning it was a warm sunny day. Went to thunderstorms and tornado warnings at night. And that was pretty typical of the operations over the next two weeks. Ken thanks, chief. Well get to hear from you a little bit later on. Now, lets move and turn our attention to the Law Enforcement division and examine how this branch organized the response activity. Here to give us that overview is Oklahoma City chief of police is sam gonzales. Thank you for being with us. Its my pleasure to be here with you. They had three actions that they could choose. The first of these was to go into the building and assist in the rescue of the building inside of the building. As you can see from this slide, the water mains inside the building had burst. Very, very as azardous to be in. Secondary objective of those responding was the transportation of the injured. As chief morris had said for blocks around, the streets were filled and lined with people who were injured. We have identified over five police cars that were used in the transporting and if we can bring up the next slide, we have identified over five of our vehicles that were used in the transporting of over 30 of the victims to the closest hospital to us which was st. Anthonys hospital. Certainly the rescued, the transportations of those victims into the hospital. The third objective and probably one of the most important was the immediate control of our streets so that we could have access for the later responding emergency equipment to be able to go get the scene. And we have a slide that should depict early on our maintaining control of the streets. This is very early on. We have set up the perimeters, a couple of blocks back in any direction that allowed access of the emergency equipment responding to the location. We found from a historical perspective, that its very important for that emergency equipment to be able to go get the location. The next thing we had to do then is find a by to establish a command center that was going to accommodate all of the Law Enforcement personnel that was necessary. This slide shows you that weve got National Guard personnel there. Weve got the department of Police Safety personnel there. And this Law Enforcement and Fire Command Center throughout this entire operation. The last slide that i have shows the size of our perimeter. We collected evidence and had evidence inside of 20 square blocks. So we had an extremely large crime scene perimeter. It took about 450 Law Enforcement officers on a daily basis just to maintain our perimeters. We had help from the oklahoma Highway Patrol and Sheriffs Office and other agencies came to assist us with the personnel. Ken well be back to talk more specifically about some of things that you did. Thank you very much. Also joining us is dr. Peter maningas. Thess Oklahoma City medical director of the emergency medical services. And doctor, e. M. S. Critical in this emergency. People seeking care, working with the Fire Department, Law Enforcement, why dont you give us your overview . I brought some footage that may help illustrate the e. M. S. Response. Within minutes, the massive medical response was initiated. If i can please have that film. The first call came in at 9 03. Weve got several ink is are downtown. An explosion. Where at . Ymca on 5th. Do you know how many weve got . There are injuries all over the place. On it. Right away. This call came in at 9 03. E paramedic began to come on scene. And paramedics converged on the scene. They came from the north and the south. From the north they came from st. Anthonys hospital. The first ambulance was in the process of unloading a patient amedic ime when the par heard the blast. Heading north on harvey until he made it to the northwest corner of the building where he was overtaken by huge numbers of people both injured and uninjured. He was followed by a supervisor who was at the corner of 6th and harvey. There were two other ambulances that came from the north. One was in the process of refueling. And the other was manned by paramedics who were being taught at the time. Based off of the corner of 6th and robinson not knowing that the Federal Building had been involved because of the smoke that had been streaming in the skies from the car fires located in the parking lot across the from the federal deral building. There are four other additional ambulances that came from the southwest from the Fleet Maintenance facility. Three of them went to the western side of the building and a forth to a eastern side of the building accompanied by a supervisor. Finding this first e. M. S. Response, the casualty count continued to swell out into the streets. You can royalty, please. Weve got two critical. We need a unit. About four or five criticals. And about 100 walking wounded. I need a hospital. Ive got one critical. And i weve got two critical and one walking wounded. Emergency. Could you tell us where youre going to be setting up your triage station . Were starting to get most locations and started categorizing. We have a triage set up. At 6th and robinson. All walking patients. Ask them to go through harvey or robinson for triage. 9 08 the first triage station at 6th and robinson where ambulances waited for receipt of patients. The way in was south on robinson. D the way out was east it was comprised of paramedics coming from other parts of the city and paramedics ambulance manned by offduty paramedics. There were two ambulances at the time of the blast. At 9 10 at 9 10 paramedics began to arrive at the Fleet Maintenance facility. At 9 15 there was a page for all paramedics to return to duty. And these manned by offduty paramedics converged on the scene. Can you roll that, please . They came from all directions. From the north and the southeast, they converged on the initial triage area from the south and southwest, they converge on the western side of the building. By 9 25 most of the ambulance resources were depleted. So at 9 25 a call for mutual aid went out. Between 9 25 and 10 30, 14 other municipalities sent other units. If i could have that, please . Again, these units converged in all different directions. By the end, one that first hour and a half, there were of 6 ambulances that would arrive on the scene. 34 from Oklahoma City. Three from tulsa. And 29 from mutual aid municipalities. They were trance importanted over 100 patients that first hour. 32 would have serious injuries. Major lacerations to the neck and face. 12 would have moderate injuries and 50 would be walking wounded. Following this evacuation of the initial stream of patients, there was a new concern. There was indication that the maximum occupancy of the building during normal Business Hours was about 900. So there was a fear of patients still snuck the building. So we moved the triage area next to building itself. May i have that, please . So it was move at 10 21 to the Northeast Corner of the building. There was a fire hose that was across robinson avenue that had been used to put out the fires in the parking lot. At 10 29 eavepbt occurred which changed the Disaster Response from that point forward. May i have that, please . Come on now. Get out of there lets go all Companies Come out of the building. Right now, everybody evacuate the Federal Building. Remove all of the personnel. Possible explosives planteded in the building. I repeat, evacuate the building immediately. At 10 29 the first bomb threat occurred, the exact nature of the bomb threat was not known at the time. All rescuers and medical personnel were told that they were to stop all twha they were doing and to immediately evacuate the area this photograph was taken from the Regency Tower facility looking at the north fates face of the building and the fire apparatuses were abandoned. Next slide, please. This caused the e. M. S. Sector to push to the east. The triage area was located at the Railroad Tracks on sixth street. The staging areas were pushed to the demort and the north and the south. At 10 50 there was a second bomb threat. And this pushed everyone back even farther every in the triage area was pushed back to 6th street and harrison at the location of an abandoned warehouse. Within minutes that warehouse was turn into a Field Hospital manned by 50 physicians, nurses and paramedics, capable of providing initial stablization in the event local hospitals became overload. Next slide, please. But it became apparent that there were not going to be large number of patients that were going to be taken from the building alive. Therefore at 3 30, the staging area was moved to the western side soft the building where they supported rescue operations. And a half, 200 transported by other means. Advance, pickup trucks. There would be 422 patients seen at area hospitals that day. 389 would be injured. 89 would be admitted to the hospital. And of those that were transported, we only had six fatalities. One was dead on arrival, two died in the emergency department. And three died from complications related to their multiple injuries. Ken very good, doctor. Well talk to you later on. Now, joining us is bob ricks of hes special agent in quharge the federal bureau of investigation. And hes the director of Oklahoma Department of public safety. Also with us is paul brum, the director and engineer of Oklahoma City. All of his employees were involved in the recovery earths. He was selected as one of top 10 public works directors in north america. Gentlemen, welcome here. A great field to discuss. Guess one of the combess questions since we brought bob and paul in, would be a massive event before we went on the air we talked about when the f. B. I. Responded very quickly within the emergency. Lets talk about that Law Enforcement and our corporation. Obviously, you knew each other. New the capabilities of of the departments. Bob, what did you do when your agents were initially deployed . Bob initially, my agents were deployed directly to the scene even before i arrived. They were assisting in the rescue mission of the initial response as well. And starting to to conduct some preliminary evident gathering and looking where perimeters were. When i arrived, the first thing i did was to seek out sam gonzales the chief of police because i knew primarily it would be the decisions that he and i made on the scene and that moment that would probably solidified what we would do in the future. Sam was looking for me at the time. Sam and i had attended various schools back at the f. B. I. We knew each other on a personal level and well as a professional level. And if theres one thing i could stress, its not a time to develop a relationship after a bomb goes off, you must have that relationship developed beforehand. And in the case with sam gonzales and myself, we already had that. Sam because of his prior training at the f. B. I. National academy as well as other advanced management schools had to have training with regard to terrorism and understood what t