Different than duck hunting. So youve got to give the men practice. They would each get two flights before they were sent overseas as gunners but youd have women often flying these planes this is a shot of two women flying this b17 while it shoots at the target of the other plane. This is live ammunition, of course. It is no good to use fake. Live ammunition, color coded bullets. They did this with a wide variety of different planes. These women served as civilians until the 1970s when they started a Grass Roots Campaign to be recognized as veterans. Its an incredible campaign, and they finally were given veterans benefits. This is at the congress after they testified. This is 1977 when president carter finally recognized them as veterans in the United States. All of their papers are here if you want to serve as interns in the womens collection, we have that. And you can work with their papers directly. But again, we could have an entire semester on women in war and this is just a quick and dirty version of it. If youll just when we walk away from class here as we conclude, think about women in these three ways of working here in the United States, domestically and abroad and thatll help you kind of organize your thoughts. Do you guys have any questions or any final ideas or thoughts about this . Okay. Well, thank you guys very much. And well continue our conversation in our regular class on thursday. Good job, guys. Thank you. Appreciate it. Have a good day. Thank you. You, too. Good job, guys. Thanks. Were featuring American History tv programs this week as a preview of whats available every weekend on cspan 3. For our final lectures in history night we swing through the south starting in atlanta at emory university. Professor Carol Anderson discusses efforts in the early 1960s to register africanamerican voters in mississippi. American history tv tonight at 8 00 eastern on cspan 3. Follow the federal response to the coronavirus outbreak at cspan. Org coronavirus. Watch congress, white house briefings, and updates from governors. Track the spread throughout the u. S. And the world with interactive maps. Watch on demand any time unfiltered at cspan. Org coronavirus. Up next a comparison of the american and British Forces during the revolutionary war. Baylor University Professor julie anne sweet compares the advantages and disadvantages of each during this hour 10 minute class. When we last met, you all declared independence. So that means we have to go to war. In order to do that we need to recruit troops, train them, arm them, all those things. Before we do that i want to talk just briefly about military history in general. Were going to set aside our political history for now. The next couple weeks, military history all full go. So here is the thing. There are certain challenges that folks who study military history are going to encounter. What are some of the things you can see military historians having problems with . History being written by the winners. I like to change it up and say to the winners go the history because what they end up doing is theyre the ones that are going to tell the story. But this is the way it usually works. So you usually get their perspective. Were going to see that a lot in this war where youve got a lot of the patriots, a lot of the American Revolution stuff. One of the reasons why i had you read the spring chapter was so you can get the british perspective because their version is just a little bit different. What are the challenges . There is a lot of uncertainty with who won what battle and all that stuff. You do run into some uncertainties. Again, lots of different perspectives here. You may have some bias. Generals like to make themselves look good. Wars are nice for promotion. And so, yeah. Youve got to be really careful about your sources. As historians you know that. You know you dont take everything at face value. You also got to be careful with the military guys. Just because theyre generals, officers, doesnt mean theyre always right. Anything else, other things . Okay. You also have issues with how trying to reconstruct a battle because so much is going on and there is so much chaos. People are shooting and theres death. Sure. It is very chaotic. Yes, youll walk in with a plan. Yes, you are going to have certain objectives that you want to obtain. But like we were talking about with the battle of bunker hill, who won . Well, the british take the field but they take the higher casualties. So aim not really sure. Well run into that a lot here. Wars are messy. Battles are challenging. Were not really sure how things change up. And everybodys perspective is different depending on where youre at. If youre a private in the front lines your version is going to be a whole lot different than a general sitting on the horse way back on the hill. Anything else . Other problems . Differences in how battles are fought over time. Sure. And it is. You got to remember the time period, folks. All right. This is something well mention several times today. You have to remember the time period. What year is it . 1776. All right. We are in 76. Im actually going to back it up a year for us. Because we need to create our army, get us going, all that kind of stuff. Yeah. 76, 75. Nevertheless, thats where were at. You need to remember what people wear, what people carry, how they use this, what your objectives are, what you can do. Otherwise, its just not going to happen. Think backwards. This is early modern era. So we have much more in common with those folks, the medieval folks, your early modern folks, than anybody else thats coming here on. There is a lot of technology that changes in the 19th and 20th centuries. Were not going there. Havent heard of it, dont know what its about. Remember your time period. Things are very different. Very close combat. Not a whole lot of range. All that kind of good stuff. So thatll be really important, too. The good thing about military history is that it is becoming really popular nowadays. We are on the up and up. Unfortunately, you have been in some sort of military conflict your entire life. And so this is something that youre accustomed to, used to, part of every day life on the news and what not. And thats a good thing for military historians because it makes it much more popular. 30, 40 years ago this was not a subject you could talk about. For all sorts of different reasons. But we can now. Its getting really popular. Were working to push the envelope here at baylor, too. Were doing our thing, doing our part as far as the military history is concerned. This is your thing. This is your moment. So yeah. Enjoy it. Get onboard. As far as thats concerned. We do run into special challenges as far as the American Revolution is concerned. Big thing is going to be sources. Going back to the fact that youve got this chaotic, your bias, uncertainties, all that sort of stuff. Add to the fact that we dont have a lot of guys who wrote things down. Joseph barton that were going to read toward the end of the semester, fabulous guy, great book, one person out of all of the folks that served. Sure weve got a couple documents from washington and a couple of the other guys but as we were saying that is a very a small snippet as far as what all these different folks what happened, what they experienced. That is going to be a real problem. Were also going to have to work around a lot of mythology. Think about it. Valley forge. All of a sudden you all start thinking. Oh, its snowy and cold and, you know, wrapping their feet up in bandages and that sort of thing. Thats legit. It happened. Okay . Im not making it up. Nevertheless, you have this whole kind of aura like ooh patriots, good guys. Ding. Not so much. Okay . These guys did some atrocities on both sides. When we get to the war in the south it gets really messy. It gets really ugly on both sides. So you got to remember theres a lot of, you know, i dont hate on George Washington, but he did make some mistakes here. Hes going to make quite a few, as a matter of fact. Kind of a little preview of things to come. So we do need to watch out for that. So yeah. Its also very much an east coast thing. Were in texas. When i say revolution, yall probably thinking alamo. Different revolution, folks. This one is the guys on the east coast. And so were a little far away from that. So would love to take a ride out that way. Not happening though. Theres that. So yeah, remember this. Its very different here in 1775. Battles are small. Theyre very close. Theres all sorts of difficulties, challenges that are very different from what you may be used to from other wars, more modern conflicts and what not. So theres that. All right. So this is just military history in general. Things to think about before we move forward. So lets set up our two sides. All right. Were going there. All right. Lets talk the british first. Yes, i am intentionally using red. What sorts of advantage do our british folks have . What have they got on us, ryan . They have an established officer corps. Yeah. And theyre actually pretty good. All right. These guys know theyre professionals. These are guys that have been doing it for 30, 40 years on many different continents. This is not the first war. This is not their first rodeo, folks. All right . And so, yeah. They have got the experience. Theyve got the know how. They can change things up. We like to think these guys came in there blind, didnt know what they were doing. They were wedded to the book and all that kind of stuff. Thats not the case. These guys are good. All right . We need to realize that and appreciate it. What other advantages have they got . They had the biggest naval fleet. Yeah. Can we say navy . Hello. Yes. The royal navy. Ha. Lets talk about them. 270 war ships. How many have the americans got . None. Thank you, france. All right. But yeah. We dont have this is going to be a this is one of the reasons why we will not engage on the high seas because we know we cant win there. All right . But the navy is also hugely important for transport. They can get supplies. They can move men and materiel. They can get all sorts of things different places and what not. And, yeah. This is definitely something thats in their side that there is no way we can catch up to them. Anything else . They sort of have kind of the offensive initiative. They are working, playing offense. Okay. And theyre going there. They have to subdue a continent. Well talk about that. Nevertheless they have the might on their side. What else . Other things . They have more training. Lots of training. Goes back to your officer corps. Theyve also got, going along with that, contingent with your royal navy, the army. 55,000 soldiers strong. Again, very good at what they do. One of the great things about matthew springs article shows you just how diverse this force is. We always like to joke about like oh, the british army, this well oiled machine thats just going to come in like some bulldozer and take over the colonies and what not. Thats not necessarily the case. These are men, too, that are fighting for a paycheck and what not, going, doing their dirty and all that. But theyve got their issue. They got their reasons why theyre doing this. Because these rebels are rebels. And theyre getting uppity as far as being englishmen is concerned. Nevertheless, they are very good and have lots of training. The military mindset, ready to deploy versus the americans . Yes. Going along with your training. We are starting from square one on every possible front. We have no government. We have 13 random colonies. Theyre not talking to each other. Youll have, also, its a mess. Nevertheless, these guys, yeah. Theyre ready to go. Theyve been doing this for hundreds of years. Theyve been deployed here in the colonies before. And so, yeah. Theyre just theyre well trained. Theyre excellent at what they do. Okay. Going back to my soldiers we got about 55,000 of those. Who else is fighting in this army besides british soldiers . Were going to have about 30,000 hessians. Now, before we go complaining about hessians, where is this coming from . Georgia 3rd and all the georgias, theyre german. They have that in their background. These folks are mercenaries. Theyre guns for hire. Everybody does this. This is classic, standard, european tactics to go ahead and hire these guys. Sure, maybe it looks bad from the colonial side of things but this is just the way they operate. Okay . Look at the numbers, folks. Not all of these folks are going to be deployed in the colonies at the same place at the same time. But theyve got that in their background. Going off of that, too, theyve also got the population to draw from. About 9 Million People living in england right now. All right . You got a lot of folks. Again, about 2. 25 of those are eligible for service but nevertheless they got people that they can replace. The colonies, youve got about 2 million folks in all of the colonies. Thats including men, women, children, and slaves. All right. So theres a lot of theyve got the numbers to go along with this, too. So all right. We got a lot of military. What else have they got . Thats working for them . Everything is standardized. Whether its uniforms or guns, artillery. Its not piece meal. Sure. And again, its just a new war, new place is the thing. Theyve done this before. Elsewhere. So theyre going with that, too. Yeah. Kevin . Going along with that, they have a well practiced system of quarter masters. Sure. Supply. Now, supply will be a bit of a challenge for them. Something you need to remember is that theres a big ocean in the way. All right . Yes, they are able to use canada. Yes, they are able to use their west indies. This is where the royal navy comes in. Nevertheless, its a long way back to england for orders. Okay . Think back to poor general gauge who is stuck in boston waiting to find out what happened. What do i do now . Well, its, hes got to wait for that. Same thing goes with supplies. Were going to see this several times where things theyll have to pull back because they need to make sure they got an exit strategy. Other things were not thinking about. Okay. This is all military stuff. And i get that. You also need to remember theyve got a government and an economy. Both of which can support a longterm military operation. Again, what have the colonies got . Bunch of assemblies and they just threw out all their governors. All right . Good luck with that. The declaration of independence, we read it. You voted on it. Dont remember reading about a government in there. All right . Just a list of why king george is a bad guy. So meanwhile, again, these guys, hundreds of years theyve been doing this, folks. They know what theyre doing and theyre ready to go. Game on as far as their group is concerned. There are some things working on our advantage as well. Like what . What have we got . Home field advantage. You got to know your terrain. Never go to war without a good map. All right . These guys, yes. They know what theyre doing. Maybe theyve been here before. But we know all those rocks and creeks and trees and indian paths and what not and they are not so sure about that. Weve got that going along with that we also have lots of territory. Because we are on defense. As long as washington has an army in the field, the United States exists. If you look at that map theres a lot of places to hide, a lot of places there are a lot of places he can hide. There are a lot of places you can go to. When you look at the win loss column, he will not have a lot in the win column. But hes still there, drag it out. Take as long as you can. That way, wear them down. Eventually maybe they will give up. It doesnt sound like the most honorable, fancy way to win a war but it gets the job done. Thats all that matters. We have more on the line in regards to pride and principles. Sure. Our people are watching. All right. Definitely. We like to call this the cause. Your flag or whatever you want to call it. There is a reason. Besides being homefield advantage, it is your home. It is your family. It is your farm. It is why you came here. You are going to fight tooth and nail to defend that. We get further into the south, a lot of times thats all its going to come down to. Which colors burn in your cornfield. That is your enemy is. Is going to get real personal, real partisan by that point. Nevertheless, that does motivate them. Sure, they got the numbers and training. They have nothing at stake here. These guys do. Thats where its at. This is home. They dont want to be a conquered people. Anything else . They are close enough to get orders relatively quickly. They are also close to their farms and stuff. Sure. The supply lines are much shorter. Washington is going to make certain not to steal from neighbors. Valley forge is such a mess because farmers want to make the most money so they sell to the british. Doesnt sound very patriotic. They have to make money, too. Thats where they go with that. Supply lines are shorter. Communication lines are shorter. We have to run to philadelphia to check to congress. Instead of waiting months and years to be able to get something from overseas. Thats an important part of that. Anything else . The prospect of foreign alliances. Yeah. Who in particular . Professor france. France. Yeah. The french. Canada and quebec are the lost colony. Nevertheless, the french are looking for revenge. They have hated the british for time immemorial. This is a chance to get back at them. France may try a little backstabbing later on but yeah. We do have that. England, they are the baddest empire in the world. Everybody hates them. We can use that to our advantage, get some help on our size. Side. Anything else . A lot of areas, a friendly population. The civilians. Alright. Again, it goes back to the fact that this is home. Washington really does insist that his men treat them nicely. Whereas the british just trample over them, take advantage of the loyalists. When they really shouldve treated them with a bit more respect. I think the militia is really unique because it gives the americans, they have a lot of fighting experience but it also gives them the ability to quickly mobilize. Whereas the redcoats need to ship troops over or pull from loyalist population pools. The militia can instantaneously organize and fade back into the communities. This goes to our tactics. One thing that is different for us, guerrilla tactics or whatnot. It will eventually be an american way of war. Yeah, we hide behind rocks and trees. You deploy your local militia is your Defense Force when you need them. That is their advantage. We will talk more in a moment about the differences between the militia and the Continental Army. Those two need to Work Together. You have a force that you can call on at a minutes notice. British, not so much. Again, going back, these guys know their terrain. They know where th