Plan. We managed and run special interpretive programs here and was anyone here . Some have experienced your own british okay bigs or perhaps liberation . This is something that is our what year in a row doing a is called flag ship living history event. On to streets philadelphia and. Magine what life like one agenda is presenting the fall of 1777 in a complicated for many of the people who remained in the city occupation but maybe a liberation for many of the perspectives. Being ote about it liberated from a congress, people come to museums to learn to ll different ways encounter the real things of human , to have a experience to connect to it. H first person programming like some of you may our program and spoilers at the end of his life but he maybe doesnt know that yet. We do larger events and very to say, its a pleasure to ers oduce this set of speak because i have benefited from a strain of scholarships that reexamine whats life is like this occupied cities in new york last work is and years old. And the recent work is is almost ntury old and aged well historical a gap in scholarships to folks and for those people that they study, as often as people might have hought about mill tags theyre n and ideology ccupied by every day concerns by blanket seizures, and british army as you can read about. Ery day ssities of ev life so here in philadelphia oull hear there is never a substantial military garis son. 0,000 people flee the city and suddenly thousands repopulate what thisnd transform is like. Its a great opportunity to give work attention. Theyre looking forward to taking questions and thinking lexities and i just anted to introduce both of them. Fromullivan earned his Phd Temple University and published brilliant book i tell people about all the time. This is somehow constructing something that is hundreds of pages long. You think its about one thing and neaks up behind you thinking is a pro british work. Guys and are good halfway through the book the british arrive in philadelphia nd of from being this ki distant, newton ideological in ty for the subjects philadelphia just to being resent in their lives and second half of the brook proves they werent that desirable either and by the im youve travelled with him through nine ation, you he occup realize the course was not or a middle ground . Which most people avoided or tried to avoid taking stakes with either party and i think the work just as an enormous amount humanizing the liberation as problematicit and shows us by the time british left people were not very excited but werent very ither and that helps us think about it in other ways. Our second speaker earned her philadelphia in washington, d. C. And i encountered her work in as a orm it took when she w resident fellow here in philadelphia and beyond and im see the project this is going to explode our understanding of life in the focuses on se it gender and domestic space. Any of you are familiar with figures in philadelphia and a lived maybe only three blocks from here spending winter becauseof the household exiled to has been the last place you want to be exiled, win chester, virginia. Scrutiny of the makes you reconsider being occupied in a british army that included german, and american and british camp followers and their children and that aspect of life mattered and iting s work won an exc and so i ask you to join me erin sullivan. Thank you, tyler. I care about that very much and glad other people care bit, too. I feel obligated to talk with a warning of sorts. At one point w over 45 minutes i will be to images osing you of donald trump and hillary one point not advocate for but consider an act of treason against the United States. That will somehow be tied back o the American Revolution and British Occupation of philadelphia. Hat is what i write and talk about. Months in 1777 and 1778 when the british made this their Head Quarters in america. I use that had moment to take make them ngs and complicated. Is because real life complicated and that is what historians do. And tell ate things stories. There is a story that begins on the eve of the British Occupation of philadelphia. Here are some spoilers here. We have elizabeth and henry draper, married couple that lived not far from here, on front street. A beautiful home, they can see the river. He had th liked to say s room enough in the city and such elegant rooms. Yard with a a back stable, and well, and flowering tree thats could carpet the area in red and white blossoms. They were quakers. Re are ch is why the silhouettes. Quakers they were pacifists so when the war broke out they did everything they in it. To be involved the goal is that whichever side won, theyd continue on with family, faith and business and before. T as they had theyll find being uninvolved is more difficult than they thought. September 2, 1777, henry draker and and hes ill and his youngest son and name sake remely ill. Hes eight years old, is snick a nd that involves vomiting a worms and things you dont want to know about. Deathly ill. s inmy ome and arrested as of the state. Government, m the new State Government arrives and arrests him for in their words aving evidence of disposition for the cause of america. Object and say hes done no such thing and if he has that is not a crime. According to the pennsylvania brand new state constitution. Freedom ch promises a of speech. Eard bjections will go unh and he will be never be charged for the crime, he will never have a hearing perfect a judge trial before a jury. Pennsylvania he Supreme Court will issue writ of habus corpsus on him, and the llow this refused fo order theyll pass a law saying nforcement , the e will be immune from judicial including writs of habeus corpsus and shortly after his arrest theyll be exiled to virginia. Two will die before coming home. Family, including elizabeth and little henry will be left to themselves even as the british invade the city. And the story goes on what happens to elizabeth in the city is fascinating. I can give you quick spoilers. Ry back. Get hen and along the way trying to get at back shell find himself th president wi washington and you should know ay. Tle henry is ok and the question is why does this happen . This happen . Why does someone see someone like henry draker as a enemy and threat . Short answer is because the past omplicated but we can begin to consider it saying what do we the the context of revolution . What category is this . O, there are americans and british. To he enact today we can divide you up. And saying you be americans and out. An fight it simple, right . The upported the side of empire . O everyone in america was a british colonist to begin with. And they serves on both sides. Some people on the british side will be the month hawks and here we have the native americans on. Sides of the both war. And not everyone who came to voluntarily. O nd slaves while serve on both sides of the war. Y have heard not everyone in revolutionary man. Ca was a. Omen also served on both sides and occasionally, under arms the example. Us and who 18th century army urvives on hundreds or thousands of women if we want to be complete, well say some need to be french and and there be a number of different roles to play. And we can put them on each side. T we tend to do. Urselves which side do we put them on . St weve been to look at people who didnt belong objected to who like the and people drakers. People who lacked affection for sides in the two dispute. Point, yourself at this are they worthying about . Drakers, most quakers fall under this category. Ith maybe 20 ay w to 40 of the population under this category. If they dont decide do they matter . A bookey do. Have wrote about them and the museum thinks they matter, right . Of them ind traces referred to as people between. Explain why they matter. So i want to you think back with me to a more recent time when the fate of america was being contested. Forces in red, and blue went to future of ontrol of nation. I warned you this is going to happen. Come back to 2016 election. We know that this striks never goes badly. E have an election. And the republican would be the Electoral College and presidency and we spent time afterwards one. Ng at trafs like this ng ate sent less time looki photographs that looked like this. Ot votes for the green party. This represents eligible voters who to not vote for either candidate and they to not vote at awful. They sat out election and they nonparticipants. About these people. We can recognize theyre diverse in their reasons for sitting out the conflict. Right . D couldnt options an get behind either one. The people were not unified. Right . No and there is no single decision that could have brought them together on a third option and that means their re relatively quiet. Right . Liberty s like give me and death or god save the king. And its hard to get people to rally around the cry of i dont want to be involved right . Sell. Is hard to talking about mu ralt. I they said theyre even and didnt decide. Were talking about people who were not willing to make significance sacrifice for one side other another. Involved could be much higher. And we can recognize these people are pivotal to understanding the outcome of the conflict and what it was like to experience it. You cannot understand the election of 2016 why it ended king ay it did without loo t the people who to not vote, and why. Is talk about the did not of those who vote. So you may have heard of jen ute shoe. Weve looked at had painting a lot. And there is his house there and is almost but not entirely like. Reenactment tomorrow. Chiefus tis of colonial pennsylvania arg few e, if not the most lushl men in the state. A friend of both george adams and and john out spoken opponent of british stand back on he he made it clear did he not think britain was constitutionally empowered to do what it was doing to america. He stated you can a lot take up arms against established government. By definition that treason. He said this the moment the king exude Constitutional Authority invested in them by itution, the treatment if you will, treason if you wont. N the ndz himself stuck i middle. What is he to do . In this case he is wreefly arrested but when released shortly therefore, he chooses to disappear and steps pack and to ne of the most influential powerful men in the colony to almost no one. He keeps his head down war. Ughout the benjimank about lets talk about benjiman talon. This is the Pennsylvania Evening post. Its americas first thrice weekly newspaper. Times ished this three per week. 1776, s is a if call in by the end of the next year, were moderate had opinion burned down. 1776 publishes a long poem about George Washington and how great he and wonders of liberty. To be 7, they dont want try are treason against brit wrin and they dont want their nfiscated or melted down. Is he continues to print and verything from people who have lost ifs or had them stolen or another, all one that flows through evening post and town makes a great deal of money. And in 1778 the british leave ots return andatri loyalist pack up and leave, a lot wanting to be arrested by the patriots. Except for benjamin town. Realizes hes been deceived ministers and his and he was right the first time and independence is the way to ins publication of the evening post as a fiercely pro independent newspaper. Hes the only game in town for weeks and makes a great deal of oney so. We can say there is no one script for disaffection. T doing care so much abou the right thing. So much about the constitutional, political and that you can not bring yourself to be aligned with either side. Ike benjiman town not care about the questions at stake. And enjoying one side or another side or both sides. Neither seem e terribly threatening. Especially those like shoe and draker who tried to back away so why are they targeted . We need to understand how revolutionary about d key questions what theyre doing. When i divided us up for reenactment, we ended up with those people who did not pick a side. Option ask is that an a side illnot pick leave it to your imagination in reasons deciding not to speak out effectively puts you on one side or another. No. You can hot be neutral in this fight. If youre not for us s. Ure against u and we can see them this a host of different ways. Patriots through economic liens like nonconsumption movements and boycot boycotts. If you look at the language used who refuse toople ell, its telling and this is is level for anyone chooseing to join the boycott. You may buy the same things from the same merchant but today an enemy of liberty. You can see there is not a lot dle ground. Oom or mid youre a friend or youre a foe. When looking at the militia in places like pennsylvania. Universal t have a militia tradition. By 1770 it was representing violent resistance to Great Britain and yet not optional. It became mandatory and fines on those refusing to serve were back to be burden some and breaking. And a xhn labor just paying serving. R not we can see in attempts to control speech. 1777, the revolutionary government will pass the test act. Requires every white swear allegiance to the interdepartment state of pennsylvania and swear youll inform against anyone opposed to the United States. If you refuse you may in the serve in a jury or use the meone who cheats or defrauds you, and may not buy, sell, transfer or inherit. Eal estate if you persist, you can be banished from the state. Very why . S are the right to use violence in that way . Says is that they represent the will of the people. Because its the only legitimate source. The point is that americans are going to tax each other more hef yesly. To point is that have you ave patriots will say by implication theyll say their governments do and can represent that will but what is a shaky proposition. I want to you i decided in light of haos today we should be done right . He United States over. Were going to form our nation. Ndent i propose the museum of the emocratic republic of the American Revolution. Nd lets suppose the number of you who stood up in support of the nation outnumbered the number of you who stood up in support in remaining with the instead. Ates right . There situation like this. I will declare this museum ought free and independent. And what if there is another group who refused to speak out st my plan . In possibly you thought i, istorian would not do a better job than the current government. That is the case im somewhat offended. Whatever the reason doesnt xistence of this group of people give you pause . Does it make you think that my declaring independence on behalf of the people was rushed . West feel better if can get these people to take a position of the American Revolutionary f i ask you do you support the American Revolution . The you say yes, you support movement. You say i dont care or if you away, im working hard. His is really britain is accusing patriots of forcing this on the people against their will. And patriots are sensitive to that. From their per suspective the enemy. U of this makes you an enemy liberty. If you cant do that, have you to get resources for them. No money. Ng and they need people to get involved t its going to be a shor conflict. And what do you do . You talk about solutions. You can tough love right . You can say what have you to participate and be on our side. Join the want to militia . Militia. To joint you dont want to stand up and say i dont want to swear allegiance . You have to. Aw. S the l you can make sure the punishments more or less give you what you want, anyway. So you dont want to join the militia or well use guns and other militia. Well take way your right to courts. Use your voice will count because a voice anymore. His is referred to as civil excommunication. And this solution is that we just manage frut state altogether. And then, your voice doesnt count because youre not here anymore z during this, the patriots were very careful to this lead a way back and is remarkable. Es in which theim fines against them would stop, the threat of imprisonment could away, if theyd just allegiance towear the state. And say they supported the independence. Rds it doesnt matter if they had a rt or this is under duress. The point is that they added their voice to the common cause common ed this was a cause. Nd henry drinker is repeatedly to, and n opportunity he not. Nd it is possible that the state would have found other ways to convince them, but pennsylvania doesnt have time. The british are coming and rate hment is a despe measure taken in a desperate time. This brings to us why it is important. An be hard to find disaffected in history. By people who dont want to be involved often dont want to be found. It is in their interest to take the path of least resistance. To do do at they need ensure british and and patriots will let them live their lives. People who dont care will go along with the s long as ary flow a doing so is the path of least resistance. They dont want to draw attention to themselves. So how do you tell the difference . Between someone who believes in the cause and someone joining because they dont want to be fined . How can you tell the difference between someone who they a boy cot because and this ishe cause why consider philadelphia. It begins as a british colony in the defactor s apital of the United States of this capital of the ependent ates as an ind nation. British e so when march into the states, the patriots have not yet uthority ed their own a what do the people do . The militia do . Do they just drop out . Those moments you see people are a loyalty . D is there o d british invade the state t defend the capital. 4,000. And the state of pennsylvania begins calling them up. Its been about 50 . About half of those to do the begin the rate drops to 15 and theyll go back home. So rather than in october, 1200 lvania is down to militiamen. 1778. Uary, reporting, you will find after report after report of and livestock. Lying past and into the occupied city. The army provisions needs. O they chose produce to the british. Rather than washington. Despite a sometimes desperate washington to stop this. We can notice from the moment rive people ar stopped the act. Vania thats us pennsyl is right with disaffection, at 1777. In real is a ream problem. He needs supplies and for the nited states, people not commited to the revolution this disaffection. And again, its an effort of how philadelphia and overwhelmingly the people will not swear that oath. Can never get enough support to draf the british out, the british can not to expand support and this will end in not an epic battle but its not ort anymore. F and