Expanders. Continue the tour and learn more about world war ii battalion eight stations. Unday at 6 00. N american artifacts tv and American History tv on the road, with the support of the buckeye broadband cable partners. Visit notable locations. In about 15 minutes, the battle of Fallen Timbers and its native american removal in the west. Later, we learn how toledo became known as the glass capital of the world. We begin with the toledo war. The toledo war goes back to 1787 and a northwest ordinance that established the area that by state andcame establish in order that started at the bottom of Lake Michigan iran east to lake erie. The strip of land formed was called the toledo strip. It was formed by two different surveys and that was a wedgeshaped strip five miles knows theat we indiana border today. Eight miles wide by the time it reaches lake erie. It is a pie shaped, 454 square mile edge that became the toledo strip that ohio and michigan really started to wrangle over. Point both ohio and michigan were focused on was what back then was referred to as the port of miami, the indian term for the mommy river, it is really that connection to the river basin and lake erie. Everyone knew that would eventually become an important important port. Now opening in 1825, people are flooding down across new york and lake erie in this area. People recognize the canal system and now you have the miami. Canal being built. By the 1830s, people see that as a reality. Both michigan and ohio wanted that. For trapper familiar with the area came down to the legislature and reminded them if they jury that line as described in the ordinance, they will lose the toledo area, we know today. They made an adjustment and moved the line northward as they reached lake erie. That went into the statehood application, was approved by congress, and there was a committee that said we should take a look at that and no one really stopped it. The 1830s, michigan territories getting ready for their state for statehood and they want to settle this. Same time, the miami canal would be a huge Economic Development project at the time. That was when the militia came down and confronted the surveyors who tried to affirm the ohio line. They fired fired shots over their head and rescued nine of the survey crew. Things in washington began bubbling up. This could turn into a civil war, the last thing we need. We really just need to get the whole thing settled. Have been mediating for quite a while trying to figure out a solution Neither Party was willing to agree to. Late 1835, jackson brings in several of his smarter and more consultants and they start working out a plan in particular with lucas from ohio and approach michigan and say, here is what we will do. And to keep the state lines the way they are now, and then give michigan the upper peninsula. About 9000 square miles. To most people, it like a real downer in terms of the solution. In the end, it worked out well because of copper and iron ore deposits and the his beautiful territory, still a highly regarded still highly regarded as a tourism today tourism area today in winter and summer. All of this happened over what i consider to be, at that time, their version of aol. Everybody thought it was the next thing. Then the railroad came. The canals were quickly regulated to smaller stuff and the railroads really took over the country. It is similar to what happened to aol and the internet. We were all scrambling because the next thing was going to be aol, than the browser appeared and the internet blew up and most people dont listen to you have mail anymore. By december of 1836, michigan except the program put forth by the federal government to accept the border with ohio. This is actually their Second Convention where they accept that. The earliest convention in september they voted it down. They did not think it was fair that they were getting the upn ohio is getting toledo. Things started to shift because they were in financial straits, and they realize to the federal government was getting ready to release money but only to states, not territories. By december they have a Second Convention referred to as the frostbitten convention, and they accept the proposal. Michigan becomes a state and toledo became a part of ohio. The whole toledo war probably still has an effect on how toledo looks at itself. We sit on the border. A lot of people like to say that toledo is not part of the three season ohio, you have cleveland, columbus, cincinnati, and toledo sits on the michigan border. A lot of folks used to refer to it as the mini detroit. We see ourselves as our that michigan cultures sitting inside ohio. Continuing our special look at toledo, we continue the Fallen TimberFallen Timbers battle war. The battle of Fallen Timbers actually took place and is a convergent convergence of unitass america and the western confederacy of native americans here protecting tribal homelands. The battle phone timbers was the last battle in president washingtons indian war. This effectively stopped the native american and american thelers confrontations of northwest territory, opening the area for settlements. After the American Revolution and the signing of the treaty of paris in 1783, United States from greatreignty britain. Now, northwest territory. This is what americans actually gained from the treaty of paris. The native americans who had been living in the land were not in the negotiations. They had been here farming and hunting for hundreds of years. When you have people moving into what you believe is your land, you are bound to have problems with what ucs invaders into your homeland. Time, weis point in have treaties taking place through the ohio river and upcoming toward where we are standing now. These treaties were never properly enforce were properly. Egotiated you also have native americans not viewing the americans as really bargaining appropriately. General Anthony Wayne was a revolutionary war hero. After some debate, he is chosen to lead the legion of United States of america. We have trade routes established. You follow the ohio river and then come up to get to the maumee river, this land that is a suitable homeland for folks to start moving into. It is important for Anthony Wayne to start to come up and provide the safety of the settlers living around these areas. As he pushes farther into the northwest territory, or the maumee river valley. Anthony wayne begins his travels 18 months after he was commissioned as the new Major General of the u. S. Legion. As he marches up, it takes him one year from 1793 to 7094 to travel the length. Little turtle is watching. As he does so, they attack Anthony Waynes legion. He realizes this army is different than the other two armies he had previously faced. He goes back to the ground counsel and says this army is different. He says i am not sure the british are actually going to involve themselves in our fight. We might need to consider negotiations. At this point in time, the Council Votes and they decided they want to continue with military action. When they do decide that, Little Turtle hands over the reign to blue jacket and he is warrior minded and he is ready to take this fight to the United States legion. Native americans have built their village right behind the fort, which is a fully constructed for, garrisoned with the british at this point with general campbell. Anthony wayne on august 17 has made it. As he comes a little bit outside of the battlefield, he is going to stage their and build camp deposit. As he does that, he sends of volunteers out and these volunteers come to about this area where we are at now, the Fallen Timbers battlefield. They are captured. They bring them back to their village and find out what Anthony Waynes battle plans are. Anthony wayne is marching with a line that is about two to four miles long. He is actually going to come to this area of the Fallen Timbers. He is going to start to meet native american resistance. He will send out an advanced guard, they will start to engage in the firefight that will eventually lead to the larger battle. As it starts to take place, the native americans are engaging and advanced scout group, giving an f time to the main body of the legion of United States to deploy, allowing them to set up sustained firepower, which will eventually outmatched the native americans, which will force them to retreat. Though we cant be sure, about two years before the battle of Fallen Timbers, there were records from settlers who spoke about swirling winds coming through the town, uprooting trees. When Anthony Wayne right some to the secretary of war, henry knox, he said we fought the native americans at the location of the Fallen Timbers. As Anthony Wayne is marching to the fort, the native americans have reached it first. They expect to be able to go into the fort or have reinforcements sent out from the fort. Campbell has been given specific instructions that he is not to intervene militarily. Basically what that would be doing is declaring war on the United States of america. At this time Great Britain had no intention of declaring war unless they could win and really win big and they were not going to make the decision at the fort to do that. What ends up happening is the native americans now see the british were not going to fight with them. They leave very disheartened and very betrayed. This battle has forced the native americans to reevaluate their alliances with the british and how they are going to withstand the onslaught of the settlers who are going to continue to push into their land. The battle of Fallen Timbers lasted two hours with the heaviest losses taking place at about 45 minutes. We are seeing that between 30 and 50 were lost on each side. Although losses were lower than what we would expect to see would we say the americans definitively won the battle of Fallen Timbers, but we are seeing happened is disillusionment taking place with the native americans with the british. Theyre starting to see the british are not going to step in and help them keep their homeland. As they have now seen, the United States can fight. The army is different. It is run by a different general and there are different people fighting. It is starting to look like the native americans only have one option left and that option is to negotiate as their own tribe with the United States government. 1795, the added states of america sends delegates to meet with the representatives of every tribe held land in the mayn maunmee river valley and they signed the first treaty that deals with native americans who lived on the land. Every tribe has a representative and the appropriate representative to sign. What this ends up doing is it opens up for those indian removal acts that removes native americans out west, which opens up the United States for manifest destiny and pushed further west than the original tree line. Our staff travel to toledo ohio to learn about its rich history. To watch more video from toledo and other stops on our tour, visit cspan. Org. Up next, we learned about fort meigs history. Today, we are here at fort meigs historical site. It was constructed in winter and early spring of 1830. Largestay, it is the ford in north america. That detroitor was have fallen to the british and the entire army of the northwest had been surrendered. Everything north just over here is under british control. Toew man was put in charge rebuild the army of the northwest and his idea was to build a large fortification. The most shallow crossing point. His plan was to get as much troops as possible together. Then go up to detroit and retake that for the United States and invade canada. To berd of 1812 tends quite a bit forgotten in American History. With the time on is the United States was a young nation. We just got over the revolution. Towere really just trying make a goal that. Great britain was fired fighting with the empire and the United States decided it would make money off of the war. Neither side was too happy the United States was supplying goods and supplies, so the british actually were pulling up alongside merchant ships in the atlantic and stealing cargo and impressing sailors. Freetrade and sailors rights is one of the reasons the United States decided to declare war. Another reason is the land right out here. This territory part of ohio was given to the native american tribes here. The promise was they would be no settlers, no military action in this area. Of course that did not happen. Settlers were coming in, building their farms. As you can imagine, a lot of the American Indian tribes in this area were not very happy about it. The great shawnee war chief to decided to band together with a bunch of different tribes and ally himself with british to help fight that encroachment into their territory. Construction of fort meigs began in february of 1813. Its winter in northwest ohio at that time, so it was a really hard thing to do, but during the construction, there were over 3500 men here who just worked night and day to build this fort, and they got it finished, as you see it today, by the end of april of that same year. The cold here at the fort was bad, as you can imagine, winter. This was never supposed to be a longterm fortification. They really put up the things that were going to be used for defense. The wall, the gates, the traverses you see here. It was a really rough place to be out in this territory, and theres all kinds of threat. You have some of the hostile native american tribes, and on top of that, there were 3500 men here. Youve got disease, injuries on top of Everything Else they are being exposed to. This is actually a different design than most of the forts of this time period. You tend to see the forts of this time period being geometrical in shape, but if you look at an overview of the fort, it really follows the lay of the land. It is on a 40foot bluff that overlooks the river and harrison wanted to use that as a defense mechanism. It was going to be extremely difficult for the british, should they decide to storm the fort, to get up that hill, and he wanted to use that as a defense mechanism. With the fort construction ending around the end of april, it ended specifically because the british showed up. The americans knew the british were going to be on the move as winter faded into spring, so they were ready for it. The british arrived just across the river near the end of april and started besieging the fort the beginning of may 1813. The beginning of the war did not go well for the United States. Mackinaw had fallen. Fort dearborn had fallen, detroit had fallen. Everything north of the river was british territory. The whole idea was basically just to keep the fort standing and not let it be occupied. The british attacked the fort for nine days at the beginning of may. The majority was artillery bombardment. Thats why you see these earthworks inside of the fort here. Across the river where the british were bombing the fort from is actually nine feet higher, so they could look into fort meigs and see everything that was going on. General harrison overnight had the men construct these earthworks. They were originally 15 feet wide and about 15 feet high as well. This was to protect them from any of the cannon fire coming in. The cannonballs would bounce and skip and roll and then hit these earthworks. From there, american soldiers could pick them back up and fire them back across the river. There were about 1200 men here at the time. Most of them were ill. General harrison really needed reinforcements. He had about 1200 men coming up from the kentucky militia and new they were on their way. The evening of may 4, he had gotten word that these kentucky troops were actually just two miles downriver. Harrison sent a runner out to the colonel in charge of the militia and told him he needed to take 800 men across the river. They were to spike the british canon, simply make them inoperable, and then they were supposed to come back to the fort. That was very important. Come straight back to the fort. The colonel takes 800 kentucky militia across the river and manages to take some of the british cannons, but the british run back to fort miami, which is their headquarters during the battle of Fallen Timbers. Just located a few miles down the river. The british ran back there for reinforcements. As the kentuckians are hanging around after they have taken their cannons, some of the American Indians that were allied with the british started firing at them, and all 800 kentuckians took off into the woods after them. The native americans got the kentucky soldiers are scared and confused, which was the plan, and then attacked. Unfortunately, it was a complete and utter massacre. Out of the 800 men that went over there, 650 were killed or captured. The entire plan was for the british to just take the fort over. Thats what they wanted to do. They wanted to move farther south into ohio, but they were not able to take fort meigs over. In september 1813, the battle of lake erie takes place. This was a big moment because the lake had been controlled by the british up to that point, and that was un