an entity in trouble to turn it around because that is what i spent the first 20 years of my career doing, and i thought the country needed the same thing. >> lynchburg was named for its founder, john lynch. it had a rich manufacturing history as well as civil war ties to the nearby sandusky and the nearby appomattox courthouse. >> this painting tells a unique story. there is damage to the painting and the tradition passed to the family is that this painting was fanned allies by union soldiers during their occupation at the civil war battle. writtenind some accounts of the vandalism that took place during the battle. >> for the next 90 minutes, we will feature the city's local history beginning with poplar history beginning with poplar forest, thomas jefferson's private retreat. >> what you see behind me is jefferson's most infamous, perfect work of architecture. poplar forest. that was his villa retreat that he started building when president. it is not known very much because jefferson kept it a secret. it was lived in privately until 1979. has been a house museum, a private nonprofit project and we have been doing restoration for the last 30 years. slow processand because we try to do the most authentic process just like jefferson first did it. we are in the home stretch of restoring the main house. we have craftsmen who are making the moldings by hand and we are following jefferson's exact historical sequence, not just the same material and techniques but the same historical timeline. jefferson started living here it took him 14 years to finish it because it was his most perfect work for his own exploration. yet he never invited anyone to come see his most perfect work which tells us it was all for himself. this is the missing link of architecture. it is a very important work we can call jeffersonian. it is a melting pot of all the ideas he collected throughout his lifetime and put together in his one personal work. this was a property that owned.on's wife's father jefferson and his wife inherit this in 1773. it for a thinks about and then eventually when he is still in the white house, he starts constructing poplar forest. which was fortunate because he had to send detailed letters to the workers in the worker sent letters back to the white house which makes this one of the most documented early american houses. jefferson's letters are very detailed and explicit. leaves thefferson white house and started using poplar forest that year. shell, butfinished that doesn't matter because it is a peaceful and quiet place. andomes here between 1809 1823 up to four times per year, usually bringing one servant. theother slaves here on plantation helped when he was in residence. it is mostly jefferson trying to be by himself. if you wanted to imagine the historic sounds of poplar forest, it is the sound of his mind when he is reading, writing, and thinking. eventually he brings two teenage granddaughters with him and this toin 1823 he gives his grandson who lives here for five years. the house went through two other families had was finally rescued in 1983 to be a museum. working plantation, one of five that jefferson owned. it was originally 5000 acres but it his lifetime goes down to 1000. eventually jefferson tried to do wheat as a cash crop, but the challenge here in the piedmont is you have to get your cash crop down to richmond where you can put them on a ship. jefferson like this because it was so remote. your a challenge to get autonomy down to richmond. typically when jefferson is not here, the house is locked up. when he comes he would stay anywhere between two weeks and two months, typically by himself. when he is in richmond as andrnor, and philadelphia new york with the government he is always looking to use a retreat. he needed to be by himself to do his greatest thinking. leavingd say, he is public office after 40 years, retiring to monticello, why does he need a retreat? monticello had become like a hotel and everyone either who knew jefferson or didn't would drop in and want to be entertained. at monticello, jefferson is almost a prisoner. he really needs poplar forest to be by himself to recharge his .ntellectual batteries it is in the peace and quite of poplar forest that he does his last great project at the university of virginia. when that is under construction he is at poplar forest sometimes. of manya complication things that jefferson loved, is most fundamental being the octagon. he loves the shape of an octagon. forest becomes the first octagon house in america. within that octagon it is a geometrical puzzle. in the middle of this house is a 20 foot to and around that to octagonal toggle -- rooms. modern marvel of architecture because it was used for one person who used it occasionally. it did not have to operate as a typical house. five years after he started living here he asked for a wing of what he called service rooms. kitchen, laundry, smokehouse. these ideas of wings attached to the house he had seen in a book from the renaissance, but he makes it his own device by inventing a hidden room that gives you a flat deck on top. where almost sure he wanted balanced wings but only the 100-foot wing on the east was built. it was the same size of the wings he had just added to the white house which also had service rooms and a flat deck he could sit on. these wings are very jeffersonian in concept. they were important for him to engage nature while his enslaved servants used the bottom. jefferson hired his same white workers, the carpenter, the bricklayer who later went to the university of virginia. once the shell was finished, all of the finished work at poplar forest was done by john hemmings, and enslaved craftsmen from monticello who by that time is the master craftsman at monticello. john hemmings came with his nephews to do the finished woodwork in the house. onlyhemmings is not literate, but he and jefferson right letters back and forth. letters back and forth. jefferson is at monticello and hemmings at poplar forest. what is interesting is, they both speak in this architectural language that not too many people would have known about. jefferson says of his work, he has never seen better work from anyone. we are in they final stages of completing the interior of the house, making moldings by hand. right now we are replastering the ceilings in the house. we did those back in 2003 but had to redo them for a number of reasons. so today you will see a traditional process of lime and plaster being put on the fromngs, using glass england, plaster mixed with goat plasterers english who now live in the united states. this is a process that no one has seen for probably 100 years and even parts of it not since jefferson's time. this is a rare opportunity to see this authentic process. >> what we are doing now is the scratch coat. this material is very hairy with goat hair. it is very sticky. so we're trying to get this coat on. thickness. 3/8 we will leave it for about four weeks to harden and then we will come back and do the next bit. >> here on the wall exhibit we can describe the same process we are doing on the ceiling. split top you see the left. this is the scratch coat that we are putting on the ceilings now. the scratch coat goes through and hangs on. the scratch coat is named for an obvious reason. uses a piece of wood and scratches this when it is wet. scratches isf the for the second coat to bond to this layer. of lime plastering been done in this country since 1900 -- it is all about the timing. this has to bond to that while it is still wet. that is the art of having somebody who knows lime plastering. the amount of time that it takes to do this on to this varies with temperature and humidity. there is an art to the timing. .irst coat and second coat lastly the white coat is a thin coat of lime without so much sand which is a smooth, marble-like feeling. this is the material that jefferson was coloring on the wall. the reason you use pigmented lime wash as you can put color on a fresh plaster wall immediately because the lime wash is the same material as the plaster. oil paint ono put you might have to wait a year or two because it takes a long time to dry out. here we can see one ceiling that is already finished with the scratches. this will be curing for about a month. it will then receive the second coat. what we are doing in the before and after the plaster process, is we are putting up all of the wood trim in the house that john hemmings had made originally. what is significant about what this is, this has been done by hand, not machine. all of these classical roman moldings that were important to jefferson have been made with a hand plane. in this case, this is antique poplar wood. jefferson is surrounded by the poplar forest. the poplar tree forest which gave the house its name. it was a distinctive part of nature that jefferson loved. ,e're using jefferson-era wood using the same techniques. this will all be painted. we have the arches raised, the rail, the bases down here. in the top, in this entry passage, we have the beginning entabland tablature -- atures in the house. entablatures, above the column in the greek or roman architecture. >> we are in the lower level of the house. in this restoration process we are using the bench to create moldings. most of them are out of poplar wood. the tools we are using for modern-day woodwork -- we are going back in time and using different old-style tools. we have a newer tool but it is made in the old way. it is a would body -- wooden grooves toith the hold it in place. this one actually has the doors that were in the house. we have used this for some of the window panel jams. tools to makeher these pieces like this where you have -- this is part of the ,ornice of the and tablature and you have a lot of concave or convex areas. flat plane, you have to use one that has either -- i hope you can see this. it is the wood body. you have the rounded bottom to create some of the areas. the other type would be this type where you can create around .t on the material maybe a fewdo is passes with this plane as a demonstration. do is usee trying to these tools. , people cantion come in and see us in the process. works.show you how that that process is just a few swipes. you can see you are starting to run in the path of the plane across. if you continue, you will have a profile. workmenory here of the who created poplar forest in the original time period. john hemming is working for thomas jefferson. his nephews eston and madison would be working with him. jefferson purchases a full set --tools the tools are given to him through jefferson's will. he is also given his freedom and that time. he can make a living as a free man that way. we're happy that we're able to history, story of the along with the process of the restoration. >> we are here on historic pierce street in front of the home of robert johnson. we spoke to his grandson about dr. johnson is sick role in the desegregation of tennis -- dr. johnson's role in the desegregation of tennis. this is the location where it happened. 15th and pierce street. dr. johnson set up a junior development program in 1951 to train the best and brightest kids, mostly african-americans in the sport of tennis. he would mentor them, work on strategy and tactics and had his kids stay for the summer. it is usually about a dozen kids per year. line inwhere the color the sport of tennis was broken when his first junior development program player played in the u.s. nationals. that is what started this program. alcia, arthur ash came. the court behind you is where it all took place. this is where they spent hours and hours of time honing their considerable skills and working on their dispositions and talent. dr. johnson was my grandfather. he was a lincoln university graduate. a football player. a student-athlete. he ended up going to medical school in nashville, tennessee. he did his residency in texas. he was recruited in the mid-1 930's to come to lynchburg. there were a handful of african-american physicians getting ready to retire, and they were looking for comparable and qualified physicians to replace them. move tos approached to lynchburg and he said, i'll do it. he established his practice and worked diligently between the mid-1930's until 1971. first the african-american to receive villages at the lynchburg general hospital. he broke barriers not just in tennis, but the field of medicine as well. when he moved here, it was not easy. it was challenging to move from his family to set up shop in lynchburg and deal with the changes going on at the time. he was one of these movers and shakers. he took on things on his problems but challenges. he set up his practice and was looking for ways to keep is outside the office and keep active. started playing tennis which he learned in high school and played in college. he really fell in love with the sport. i believe the court went in in the late 1930's or 1940's. he had the court installed and started slowly by working on his game and by bringing the sport to many others in the community as well as around the country. he was a civil rights leader. someone who was looking at the social status of the way things were. he started very small. he started trying to get kids in the national interscholastic tournament in charlottesville. looked to a broader stage and said, what is going on in the world of tennis, the professional sport? the american tennis association , once that developed enough talent, he decided to launch a junior development program here which would be a stepping stone for players to move up into the ata and the world tour. the program was developed as a model based on what dr. j had done with gibson. in north winters carolina with dr. eaton and would train in the summer with my grandfather. that was intense training and intense competition on a daily basis. every weekend, there were tournament's. there wasn't a week that she was here in the summer that she wasn't playing a tournament on the weekend and training with some of the best male players that the african-american community had to offer. for 1951the stage where he started bringing kids for 20 years. stay in his house. with otherwould stay relatives of dr. johnson, as well as coworkers, nurses, and people in his medical practice. they were mostly african-americans, but there were some kids who trained that weren't african-american and benefited from his program and goodwill. i spent several summers here shortly before my grandfather passed away, i was part of the traveling team. he was a larger-than-life individual who impacted so many people's lives. when he was locked into the room or would go to a tournament, it was like the red carpet would be rolled out. he had managed to deliver the first two african-americans who broke the color barrier in the sport. once that happened and once people realized that those players had grown up here, and had flourished here and beyond lynchburg, this created this cavalcade of interest. managedmy grandfather to be a student of the tennis game and transformed that that forinto a program decades provided players with an opportunity to integrate the sport. because you were here for a couple of summers or multiple summers, he stayed in touch with .oth of them lovely -- he sent a telegram to my grandfather after she won wimbledon saying, this victory is as much yours as it is mine. confidence and willingness to support me and sponsor me i never would have made it to the world stage. johnsonlished the foundation in 2015. we are in the middle of a restoration. what you can see behind me was restored last year. in 2018, we will try to focus on and get and the shed both of them are stored as well in addition to the garden which was a prominent area in the house back in the day. we will focus on the rest of the property and make sure it is installed in its previous condition. we will have a museum to capture a lot of the history. there will be memorabilia, photographs, videos of historic moments, players who played here. we will share all of that with the general public locally and internationally. the immediate community is very proud of what took place here. this is a historic district in lynchburg. proud of whaty happened here. for lightning to strike twice here on this property is almost impossible to imagine. pride and lot of local community support. my grandfather passed away in 1971, and the house was left to one of the nurses in his medical practice. untils here from 1971 2000 and the house came back to the family. during that time that she was here in that gap the family coming back to the property and today, there was a lot of downturn in the overall property. now we are focused on addressing that. we started with the court because it was a launching pad for what took place here, but more importantly the home and the shed off the court -- we will address those this year. and hopefully we will be up and running by the end of 2018. >> c-span is in lynchburg, virginia. next we go outside the city to appomattox courthouse. we will learn about appomattox' lesser known stories. -- in standing in one of front of one of the most famous courthouses in the united states were nothing of significance happened. appomattox courthouse. courthouse is one word is a building like the one behind me. within view of appomattox court house, two words. where generally surrendered to general grant bringing about an end of the general -- civil war. today we would like to talk about why the courthouse is so famous. the town was not more than 130 or 140 people in 1865. it is an unlikely place for two meet.military forces to 95,000 soldiers within a six mile radius. it is not wear either army wanted to be but it is where they ended up. as fate would have it, his army was practically surrounded by general grant. generally --y, general lee would meet general grant at the mclean house. they would meet in the parlor of that home to discuss terms, effectively bringing about the end of the war. story, a crucial nationally significant and no doubt the reason this has been designated as a historic site. 20 of untold stories about appomattox. many have referred to it as the place where the nation reunited. for students of history, we struggle with that idea. sf that were true, the 150 year that have followed the american civil war don't make a lot of sense. during the centennial, the 100th anniversary of the ending of the civil war, a tremendous celebration took place here marking the occasion. the schools and appomattox county are still not integrated. -- were still not integrated. why isn't it the place where our nation reunited? story starts with the large field behind me. something that people don't appomattoxut courthouse is that there were two battles fought here. general lee's decision was not arbitrary. he was brought to that decision by the military realities that surrounded him. on april 9, the battle of appomattox court house was fought. thatengaged in large force would put 20,000 federal soldiers on this field behind me. during the battle that raged on, there was one known civilian casualty of appomattox court house. it was a woman named hannah reynolds. like 52% of all human beings and appomattox county at the time, washe was enslaved. she lived in a home about one mile from where i am standing. ae was unfortunate to be hit confederate artillery shell. she was attended to by surgeons from the eighth maine infantry unit. she was able to survive another three days. she died april 12. that is an important date in the history of appomattox because it was on this road on april 12 that confederate infantry stacked their arms, their flags, and their ammunition along this road. you could say the individual soldier surrendered on this road, not in the parlor of the house like general lee did. hannah reynolds dying on this was mortallye wounded as an and slave woman died three woman and days later as a freed woman. exactly what happened in this and throughout the south and the country in the weeks and the months that followed the surrender? in history it is always good to ask the question, so what? grantl lee surrendered to on -- in 1865. so what? what about the enslaved population of appomattox? what was their future? what was the future of former slaveholders and lower and middle class whites the to do not own slaves and were still deeply affected -- whites that did not own slaves and were still deeply affected? we will visit the robinson house and explore a story here in the that sheds light of national significance on what happened after the surrender. on the eastern edge of the village of appomattox court house, we find a contrasting building. behind me is a home known as the kelly house. unlike the mclean house, perfect for the surrender meeting, the kelly house far more represents represents how most people would have lived in the mid-1860's. here we find an excellent example of an untold story. we talked about what happened to hannah reynolds after the war. unfortunately she asked away from wounds received in the final battle. at the kelly house, we find an excellent example of what happened next. in kelly house was completed 1855. the kelly family was large. there were five sons in this family and all five filed in the war. hereast one or two were for the surrender in their own home town. in the years that followed the war, eventually this house would be purchased by a man named john robinson. we don't know a great deal about his early life, but this is a good example of what emancipation looked like in the time that follow the surrender. tangiblee most examples of emancipation would have been the development of a 'siedman school, -- freedman school, the development of black education, and the ability of black citizens in appomattox county to form their own churches. fromof these members were integrated churches. the congregation was separated within, but it was the larger white churches where the black residents attended. the surrender they got permission to leave those churches and create their own church. the first dutch church to be created here in appomattox county. one of the founding members of the church was john robinson. he was the first treasurer. understanding is that the congregation would form what is known as an arbor church, meaning, outside under the trees. 67, the congregation had formed enough money and resources to form a walled church. it exists about a mile to the west of the courthouse. 50 years later, a new church would be built on those same grounds, and that is the church that is still there today. the story of john robinson is not only a homeowner and cofounder of a church but is also a businessman, he was a shoe cobbler. he was apparently a good one because he ran a business here for 50 years. after raising a large family and a successful business -- in fact some of the robinson family members are buried in the backyard of the kelly/robinson house. in this village of appomattox county, we can see the silhouette of the surrender. we have only had to look a little bit more deeply to see these untold stories. >> c-span is in lynchburg, virginia where we learn more about history. the we take you inside gallery museum to learn more about the transportation. >> welcome to the lynchburg museum. my name is laura wilson and i am the curator here. we will focus on our transportation and manufacturing history. timelineanding in the gallery, maine courtroom. 1607 inbit starts in honor of the 400 anniversary of the founding of virginia. at that time lynchburg was in the town yet. the monica and indians were here here.ican indians were the reason the town is here is because of the james river. there was a shallow spot where lynch had a fairy that cross from here into what is now madison heights and amherst county. river, of the lynchburg's history begins with transportation. behind me we have some of the early examples of the boats on the river with the creation of the canal in the 1830's. model of the type of boat that would have been on the river. a packet boat which was designed to carry people. one of the most important crops in lynchburg that these boats were carrying was tobacco. was 70 when bench berg years old there were 40 tobacco warehouse is in the city in less tobacco people but 40 warehouses. this was one of the main crops and economic drivers for the city. lynchburg is known as a hill city. it is really hilly here. moving tobacco was difficult. the way they did it was in these large barrels known as hogshead. the point was it could hold 1000 pounds of tobacco. the tobacco was pressed into these large barrels which was attached to a horse or oxen and rolled through the city streets. these barrel started some of the first streets in town. at the tobacco warehouse one of the most important -- important things a did was open the tobacco for inspection. you can see the corn at the top to that is what they blew signal that it was time for inspection. above that you can actually see some dried tobacco. lynchburg in the 1800s was a frontier town. the main industry was tobacco but there are also a lot of mills here. that is due to the river and the tributaries that feed the river. the perfect location for corn and things like that. crops and ittheir got shipped down the canal the richmond where things came back ,o lynchburg like fancy food wine, lace and things they could not make here in town. one of the things that lynchburg is known for is we had one of the first few nyssa pull water systems. you can see that this is one of the early water pipes. those are still underneath the city streets. the water resource folks are very kind and give us sample so we can have them here in the museum. building of the canal which opened in lynchburg, there is a large irish immigrant population and there was a significant slave population. not only did they work in the tobacco field but they helped dig the canal. leaveo doesn't really lynchburg until the early 20th century. it is still big all through the late 19th century and post civil war, but the other things that drive population in lynchburg is the iron ore industry. there are several foundries. lynchburg has a reputation as a manufacturing town which plays a part in the civil war history and helps the town recover after the civil war because the manufacturing was already here and the transportation routes. canal ended in the 1870's because it was too expensive and the competition from railroads. intof the canal was turned railroad tracks. the canal paved the way for trains which led lynchburg into the 20th century. lynchburg manufacturing was impacted during the civil war and there were a lot of orders of munitions to support the confederacy, but as the war went on and confederate money was worth less and less, munitions dropped off and production ended. allowed lunch bird to recover quickly. leave our going to courtroom gallery of lynchburg and head to the back where we will show you some examples of items made here in lynchburg that have national prominence. >> welcome to our made in lynchburg display. what we have on display are artifacts representative of the thatesses and the products bag made, such as the flour from the piedmont mills. this company was in business for over 100 years. its silosuilding and are being turned into lofts downtown. you might be able to live in one of the silos which is cool. this was the largest shoe manufacturer in the south, they made 30,000 pairs of shoes every day. here we have the model of a boat which is not all that exciting except it represents the first nuclear reactor that was used made by a company in lynchburg. is a jumble ofse cool and interesting things. but now we will leave this display and check out some behind the scenes things. here i have pulled out some additional artifacts. we only haveeums 5% of our collection on display at any one time. there is a lot we have that unfortunately we cannot display. right in front of me are flour sacks from the piedmont mills company and this started in the 1840's right after lynchburg became an official town. local farmers would harvest their crops and bring them to the mill where it was turned into flour and cornmeal and those goods were sent down the tradedo richmond to be and sold for other goods. this business was in business for over 100 years. they did not close until the 1980's. throughout their lifetime they moved from individual production of small sacks of flowers to tose large banks and sold nationwide distributors like krispy kreme. moving on we have examples of shoes. that shoe company started in the late 1880's and it grew to be the largest manufacturer of shoes in the south. firstompany built the shoe manufacturing company in the south after the civil war. lindsay -- lynchburg with a huge transportation hub. used the railroad to sell their product. they would send salesman and tradesmen all over the u.s. by rail to sell their shoes. for company was in business about 100 years and finally closed in 1997. moving forward is the fleet company. for medical known products. productst well-known started with an early laxative that turned into the suite anima -- sweet enema. they gave up on chapstick. the inventor couldn't figure out how to make it a viable product so he sold the rights to his friend john morton for five dollars which was approximately the cost of a suit at that time. this company is still in business today. -- early 20th century, lynchburg was known for its accessories. the shoe company was making thousands of shoes per day, we also have a company called the studio andt goods they made purses. this company started in 1925 and was run exclusively by women. women held all of the management positions founded by two sisters and they were known for these handbags. patenty held the first for slipcovers on purses. here we have a photo of the employees of the factory. wordwners hated the factory and wanted to be known as a studio because they thought it encouraged creativity. they had a showroom in new york and san francisco and they were in business until the late 1950's. coveredbriefly lynchburg's transportation and manufacturing history but lynchburg's story doesn't stop there. i enjoyed -- invite you to come visit us and learn about all that we have to offer. weakened american history tv is featuring lynchburg, virginia. in 1786 was established in the eastern foothills of the blue ridge mountains along the james river. learn more about lynchburg all weekend. >> the ultimate in suspense is how you could talk about the book of esther. with history's first attempted holocaust. haman was the hitler's of that date and the holocaust was narrowly averted. this, books that precede we have the story of what happened to the minority of those jews who returned to jerusalem after the decree of osiris. this had been in the lynchburg area since 1834. his father died when he was 15 and his twin brother still lives adjacent. he began to go to church in lynchburg, he became a christian and decided he wanted to go to bible college and be an engineer because it didn't involve public speaking. he hated public speaking. so he went to the baptist bible college in missouri and after several years came back to lynchburg confounded the church and applied a lot of those business principles that he family, the his growth of his church and started a radio and television broadcast ministry. fundraising was a big part of it to build a k-12 school. pastor first but he had inherited a lot of entrepreneurial traits so he applied those to his ministry and his school. that was a big reason for the growth. he thought differently than most pastors do. my father founded his church in 1956 and the growth of the church was astronomical. with 45 adults and a former donald duck bottling facility that still had syrup on the floors. 10grew so fast that within years there were over 1000 members and then the television ministry started about that time and he was one of the first national religious broadcasters. his ministry had really skyrocketed and he started liberty in 1971. the ready university was founded because in the 1970's, if you were an evangelical christian young person and wanted to attend a christian college, the only choice you had was a small college with limited academic offerings, mainly bible schools. something isught, wrong, there ought to be a world-class university like notre dameyoung people, like brg is for mormon young people that andworld-class facilities world-class excellence and there -- there wasood not one. he wanted to change that and everyone thought he was dreaming because we were a small town in virginia and he had these lofty goals for the university and a lot of people thought he was crazy but that was the vision from day one. that is why it was founded. we are seeing that wish fulfilled now. ♪ >> beautiful singing congregation. >> it was funded by contributions from listeners. would buy airtime on radio and television stations all through the country, so it was a constant struggle to raise the funds to keep it on the air but the idea was to provide church for people who would not otherwise go to church. in the early 1970's, the toevision ministry was used spread the word about liberty, the new college that was being formed. i think it peaked about 1987. scandals andme some unrelated television ministries in north carolina and louisiana and that caused a lot of the donors to stop giving you all the ministries. that was about the time i finished law school and i came in as a general counsel to the university. debtb was mainly to manage because the university was no longer receiving the contributions from the television ministry so we had to restructure the university so it operated on its own tuition fee, it took us about 10 years to get it stabilized and about another 10 years after that before it exploded. that phenomenal growth over the last 10 years has given us the resources to rebuild the campus. position ton a good fulfill its vision, to continue to train champions for christ for generations. we are the largest private nonprofit university in the country, about the fifth largest university in the country if you count all of the online students. here we are celebrating together on this very joyous occasion, and there is no place in the world i would rather be to give my first commencement address as president then here with my wonderful friends at liberty university. [applause] i accepted this invitation a long time ago. i said to jerry that i would be there. and i say something, i mean it. >> i think liberty students voted, they supported marco rubio and i think trump was fourth or fifth down the list but by the time the election came around a lot of them saw and 84% ofin him liberty students voted for him. the same was true with evangelicals across the country. background,trump's they are pleasantly surprised with how he has come around on issues important to the evangelicals and how he has been the best president for those issues, and i think he is going to end up being one of the greatest presidents we have ever had. a lot of evangelicals thought i had lost my mind because trump owned casinos and whatever else and i just felt like i had seen what applying business principles to an entity that was in financial trouble could do to turn it around, that is what i spent the first 20 years as attorney here doing. i thought the country needed the same thing. i thought that career politicians who had not done anything in the real world do not understand anything other .han politics is gettingre about reelected and here's a fresh face outside the system who has been in the real world and been successful. my father was criticized for supporting reagan by christians because he was a divorcee and jimmy carter was a southern ,aptist sunday school teacher but most evangelicals came along just like they did with trump and saw that this person might not be the best choice to be my pastor or my sunday school but he takes the right position on policies that are best for my country. reagan won for that reason and trump won for that reason. trump: never stop fighting for what you believe in and the people who care about you. andy yourself with dignity pride and demand the best in yourself and be unafraid to challenge entrenched interests and failed power structures. does that sound familiar? thing the press never understood about evangelicals, they are scratching their heads, how can they support somebody like donald trump? not understand is that evangelicals were the most antiestablishment of any group throughout history. spent more time condemning the religious elite of his day than he did anybody else. the protestant reformation, it was the evangelicals who are leaving the established catholic church because it was so corrupt and a pot of the government of europe. -- a pawn of the government of europe. who leftangelicals europe because they were antiestablishment. it was evangelicals who thought the revolutionary war because they were sick of the establishment. when evangelicals supported trump more than any other memory, whatrecent the press never understood is two things, one, they hate the establishment. independent, they do not want the good old boys to run things, they do not want the career politicians to run things , they want the average citizen to run things. faith thatristian evangelicals believe is based on the idea of forgive miss and redemption and that we are all sinners. evangelicals have no problem supporting somebody who is a sinner because evangelicals believe everybody is a sinner and jesus taught that. there was no problem for them at all to support somebody like trump. i would like to see students learn that you can be a good christian without being holier than thou or wearing your religion on your sleeve and it is part of being a good successful ine business or whatever career you choose. how can you help other people like jesus taught unless you are successful yourself and have something to give? if that lesson and the core teaching of jesus as loving your neighbors as yourself, if they pick up those principles and repeat them thousands of times over, what has been done here, that would be the best legacy possible. are at thomas jefferson's poplar forest in lynchburg virginia where c-span is learning about the area's history. up next, we speak to the archaeologist to speak about the material culture left behind and what it can tell us about the people who lived here. at poplar forest we have been using archaeology to help understand the lives and the landscapes of 70 different residents of this historic landmark. i'm the director of archaeology and landscapes. our laboratory a small collection of the much larger collection of artifacts we have recovered from almost 30 years of excavation. archaeology to understand thomas jefferson's life, to understand the landscape he designed and the house he designed and the lives of the enslaved people on this plantation. when jefferson received the plantation in 1773 it was already a working plantation but .t was large, about 5000 acres there were only handful of enslaved people living here. over time jefferson started increasing the labor force by moving other slaves onto the property and engaging them with growing tobacco and wheat. teens there were almost 100 people working here. artifacts recovered from where they live help tell us where they lived and the activities they were engaged in. some of the tools were recovered from a site where enslaved people were living between 1790 a crow's iron,e this is part of a tool used to make iron -- used to make barrels. we have a cooper living at this site. we also have an and fill -- and anvil fuller so we have a blacksmith living on site and the hinge of a carpenters ruler so a carpenter is living nearby. other aspects of the live dove enslaved individuals, we can look at through some of the other objects, one of our favorites that we like to show is a silver spanish real. this is a silver coin and you will notice it has a hole punched in it and this is a type of object we often find at in contexts at enslaved where african-americans were stringing up reflective objects to be used as amulets or charms to ward off malevolent forces. interviews with former enslaved people in the 1930's that this was often placed around the next of children and it was done to allow them to teethe. this has two bite marks. an enslaved child here at poplar forest. we do not often see things like this looking at the documentary record. areave names of people who living here but we do not know a lot about their personal lives. this helps us see the individual here. this is one of the reasons that archaeology is so important. it gives us insight into the lives of the folks living here. we cannot ignore the fact that we have thomas jefferson as well. if you want to take a look at some of the artifacts associated with his life, some of the things we often point to include artifacts that were excavated and theund the kitchen ceramic i am holding here is part of a series of ceramics called the oxford and cambridge college series. numerousecovered fragments of plates and platters and saucers. thisis so intriguing about ,s if you look at examples there are so many bits and pieces to these patterns that are tied to other things thomas jefferson are thinking -- is thinking about. of series has on it images educational buildings in the cities of oxford and cambridge, including this one which is radcliffe library, a neoclassical domed rotunda. this ties in so well to the things jefferson is thinking about. he is designing the university of virginia and here is an educational building, but also there is an octagonal border around each of the images which ties into the shape of the main house. what we are trying to show here is that jefferson is not just purchasing any objects to put into this house. he is thinking about the things they do on his table and how they reflect his aesthetic and the things he is thinking about here when he is in residence. other objects we have recovered through our excavations around a forkn house include where the handle has been died green to imitate jade and a jelly glass that would have been sert out of.e a deser you get a sense of what was on the table at poplar forest. in and around the house were enslaved people that made jefferson's life possible and objects we found at the house itself include two fragments a belle all part of system that ran from the house and into jefferson's offices where the kitchen was located. at the touch of a cord, jefferson could summon an enslaved person to him somewhere in the house. thomas jefferson designed a landscape to surround the main elements herew from had picked up in his travels and things he had been reading about all his life. he turned a lot to english landscapes, plucking elements from them and putting them into the poplar forest landscape. he blended together architecture and landscape design. elements that shows that graphically are the two mounds that flank the house. these were created when enslaved laborers duck out a sunken lawn south of the house and the dirt was piled up on either side to create these two mounds. jefferson is using a landscape theent to stand in pavilions as part of a palladian design. he took that one step further. he planted weeping willow trees on top of these mounds and surrounded the base of the mounds with aspen trees. towas selecting vegetation mimic architectural elements. the willow trees which are round stand in as a dome on top of the mound. a neoclassical domed rotunda out of dirt entries. treesa -- out of dirt and . it is a wild idea. that is part of the landscape here. he had a grove of poplar trees in front of the house. dendre chronology sick -- ochronolgoy suggests they did to the early 1800s. we have done excavations on these areas to find where the shrubs were located, finding the original planting holes. we have also been doing work finding what jefferson referred to as clumps of trees at the corners of the house. --ough careful asked with excavation we are able to find the root stains left behind in the ground of these trees that are no longer there. the configuration, we've idea of how jefferson was designing these elements so we can put them back in the ground accurately. combination of different techniques to figure out the landscape. excavation is one of them. pollen from the soil to look at what type of plants were growing around this area. we use geochemical techniques as well. we have the chemical of the soil to tell us these planting beds were fertilized in this way. we get an amazing amount of detail on what this property looked like in jefferson's time and we take that knowledge and are able to restore those elements. we are in the process of doing that now. this is a long-term process. we're the projects working on currently is to restore jefferson's carriage circle. the circle was 80 feet in diameter and was originally paved with a single layer of zensely packed courts -- quart cobble that would've been collected and pressed into the ground. we are working to restore that. we are hoping to engage in that in the next year or two. visitors will be walking across a surface that looked very similar to what jefferson would have been walking on top of when he arrived here in 1812. process, we-term have many years left to go in many other questions to understand, from landscape design to understanding the lives of enslaved individuals and it is a pleasure to be able to be a part of that program. >> we are in front of the world war i memorial in lynchburg, virginia where c-span's learning more about local history. during world war i the city served as a manufacturing center and red cross station. we will go inside the lynchburg history museum to learn more. going to talk you about our world war i exhibit called it was my privilege and duty, lynchburg in world war i. united states to not enter world war i until 1917. on the eve of war, lynchburg was an exciting place. there was electric power, there was a trolley system, a municipal park system, all of these great things were happening. lynchburg sent about 3000 soldiers to world war i which is about 10% of the population. war,e the soldiers went to the home guard unit was called the musketeers and on display here we have one of their baseball uniforms. the musketeers spent some time and 1916 and915 when they were not training or doing maneuvers they had a baseball team and they played some baseball and here is one of their uniforms. private and hea is actually pictured right here him,is image, number 46 is he is part of the musketeers. lynchburg sent about 3000 soldiers into world war i, starting in 1917. jacket display we have a from an african american serviceman. photograph. his doghis helmet, tags, and the image of him. he served in the pioneer infantry so he did not actually fight in the war, he dug trenches and latrines and made sure supplies got to the front lines. one of his most -- one of the most touching pieces about this collection is on the back of the photographs, he wrote mom, do not forget me. exhibit, wen in the men images of lynchburg waiting to get into training camp at camp lee, virginia, which is near petersburg. several the companies in lynchburg, to encourage recruitment and to get men to go to war actually promised to hold their job. them, a large department store here in lynchburg said that if you went to fight in the war, we promise to rehire you when you get back. they did not want men to worry they would not have a job. sent to war,en we the lynchburg women also played a large part during world war i. .ere we have a nurse's uniform at the train station in town which is still the train station we use today, there was a large red cross canteen. soldiers did is met there every day, thousands of andiers and offer them tea cookies and sandwiches, ,agazines, parts, -- cards cigarettes, everything they needed to feel like home before they went to war. during that time, lynchburg earned the nickname of lunch-burg. here we have one of the logbooks from the canteen during that time. the women in charge are recording how many soldiers they meet every day, what they are feeding them, how much money it is costing to do this so they can get reimbursed from the government. see twohe book, you can dolls. these are interested because -- these are interesting because they are called polish relief dolls. they were manufactured in europe by a polish doll maker living in paris and shipped to new york to be sold in the u.s. to different immigrant communities to raise money for the polish immigrants that were living in europe and the refugees living in europe. an americanse is flag and this is actually a casket flag that was straight of the lynchburg soldier who was killed in world war i. his name is the first name listed at the base of monument terrace. monument terrace is a central piece in downtown lynchburg. you cannot see an inch burg -- an image of downtown lynchburg without seeing monument terrace. at the bottom of the steps is a monument to lynchburg's world war i dead. the monument was designed and -1925 andplace in 1924 since then there been several other memorials related to lynchburg soldiers who have been killed in all wars. visit us in to come lynchburg, virginia, and learn about all we have to offer. this weekend, american history tv is joining our comcast cable partners to showcase the history of lynchburg, virginia. to learn more about the cities on our tour, visit c-span.org/citiestour. we continue with our look at the history of lynchburg. >> this congressional district is one of the most beautiful districts in the united states. it includes the cities of lynchburg, where we are today, which is about 50 miles southwest of here at the southern end of the district. then it moves north on the west side of the blue ridge mountains all the way to front royal, virginia and in clues about 1.2 million acres of national forest and lots ofenandoah beautiful farmland, it is the largest agricultural district in virginia and has a diverse economy and lots of institutions of higher education liking -- like liberty university where we are seated today and about 22 two year and four year colleges. i was elected to congress in 1993, the shape of the district changed somewhat over time but i have represented lynchburg for that entire 25 years and my entire -- and my hometown of roanoke. the northern end of the district has grown further and further north. or 50probably about 40 miles further north than it was 25 years ago. lynchburg is a community that has a very rich history going back to the early 1700s, settled by an individual named john .ynch settled here because we are at the falls of the james river and there are canals through this and it was an important port for carrying agricultural products down the james river to richmond and that all the way to the chesapeake bay. it also was a major community during the civil war because it and thejor hospital lynchburg city cemetery has a huge cemetery where both union and confederate soldiers are , primarily because they died of their wounds and were cared for here and not survive. it is the largest manufacturing community in virginia on a per capita basis. this district is fortunate that it has a very diverse economy a boom area is not in terms of economic growth, it has been long known for having a strong, steady, economic growth and when there are severe economic downturns the downturns here are less. you historically have low unemployment rates in this area and that, coupled with the diverse economy, makes it a stable place for people to live, raise their families, and people who come here like it here. i am looking forward to having an opportunity to do something else with my life after the end of this congress and i do not know yet what that will be but it will certainly entail spending more time with my wife, who for the last 25 years, on monday through thursday nights when i've been in washington, i wind up talking to her on the phone. i expect that will change and i also have two granddaughters and i look forward to spending as much time with them as i possibly can. i will also do something else, i have not figured it out yet great with the end of my chairmanship of the house judiciary committee, it seemed like the right jumping off time to start the next chapter in our family. >> c-span is in lynchburg, virginia, learning about local history. next we go inside historic sandusky which served as union headquarters during the battle of lynchburg. to the house was central 1864 civil war battle of lynchburg. while the battle raged all around the house, the union used this as its headquarters and let's take a look at how this house got its name. 1808 by awas built in young man named charles johnston who grew up in the richmond and petersburg area. he entered business life as a merchant, stockbroker, clark, -- and when he was a young man he went to kentucky, that was his goal, to accompany his boss to the state of kentucky to survey land that his boss had bought. they went to the ohio river, bought a boat, picked up passengers and travel down the ohio river with the goal of reaching kentucky. along the way, they had been warned about hostile native american indians and they were careful to stay in the middle of the ohio river. two white men came to the banks of the river and screamed help us, save us. they decided to go to the bank to try to aid these two white men. it had been a decoy. they were led into a trap. they were instantly attacked by 40 or 50 indians and two of the six on the boat were killed. charles and several others were taken prisoner. they were trundled through the ohio territory northward for about five weeks and finally & dusty, which was a small trading post and village. upper sandusky, which was a small trading post and village. pled to a frenchman to help him. the frenchman was able to strike a deal with the indians, purchasing charles johnston out of bondage for the price of 600 silver brooches. charles johnston was freed on his 21st birthday. he then sought to come home to virginia. that was a difficult thing to do through the wilderness and the frontier from near lake erie back to virginia. yet to wait until he could find transportation back, someone who is skilled at guiding him through the dangerous parts of the frontier. it took him about five months to get back to virginia. on his way back he passed through new york city, which was the capital of our country in 1790 and was interviewed by president george washington and secretary of war henry knox, who wanted to know what was happening on the frontier. there were continual struggles and strife on our frontier's between indians, between french, between british and between the colonists, which would later come into play during the war of 1812. to virginia and resumed his life as a clerk and a businessman and was doing pretty well, he did a lot of his business in the tobacco trade. at some point he decided to come to this part of virginia, and was then campbell county, and he , sandusky, inse 1808. it was a fairly opulent house for a young man in his 30's. he made his wealth off the tobacco trade. he brokered the sale and transportation of tobacco from lynchburg to richmond and he did a lot of these tobacco transactions for thomas was getting into growing and selling tobacco at his nearby home, poplar forest. when he built this home, he named it sandusky, which was a shawnee indian word which means by the cool waters, which means lake erie. that episode in his life had such a profound effect on his life that he named his estate after that place where he won his freedom. he also wrote a memoir about his captivity at the hands of the shawnee indians. it is a fascinating account. charles made his fortune in the tobacco trade and that was very economyt to virginia's and often what goes up must come down. in 1818, the tobacco market crashed in virginia. charles went from prosperity to poverty practically overnight. sandusky,ced to sell he cannot afford to keep it or keep it up. we have the deed of him showing where he sold it in 1818 to christopher clark. now we are going to take a look at some of the later owners of sandusky. this was the formal parlor of historic sandusky. it is restored to the 1850's era. this is our third interpretive period. this is the area when the hutter family owned the house and also the house during the -- and also they own the house during the battle of lynchburg. we're restoring the house to the livedwar era, the hutters here until 1952. they emigrated to virginia from pennsylvania and prior to that from germany. being the formal parlor of the house, this room was used primarily for entertaining. it would not be used on a daily basis. this is where guests would be business purposes, for entertaining, for music, conversation, even weddings and wakes took place in this room but this was not used on a daily basis. it is decorated in a fairly opulent style because this is how the family presented itself to the world. you will find the finest furnishings in this room between the carpet, the candle holders, the tables, the mirrors, and all of the portraits and landscape paintings that reflect the style and the taste and the class of the family and what the family wanted to present to the public. central pieces of any formal parlor was the pianoforte. this is an 1840's piano and chickering made thousands of pianos in the 19th century. this was the entertainment center of a 19th-century home. had a chickering piano and it sat right here. niecee hutter's wrote a piece of music in honor of sandusky. by hiss written in 1852 niece and published when she was only 14 years old. the house has its own theme music in the sandusky polka. ♪ >> we are fortunate at historic that most of the furnishings are original. they were collected and donated whos by the hutter family are still great supporters of what we do here. items like the lamps, the tables, and even this painting are original to the house. this painting tells a unique story. if you notice, there is damage to the painting. the tradition passed down through the family is that this painting was slashed, was banned a lysed by union soldiers during their occupation at sandusky during the civil war battles. we did find written accounts of the vandalism that took place here during the battle. this painting was passed down to hutter family through the granddaughter of ada hutter who was a teenager who lived here during the battle of lynchburg. we are going to go in to the parlor and talk more about her family and the battle. this is the family parlor of sandusky. this is the room where the families would spend most of their time, sitting, reading, relaxing, talking with each other and over the mantle we can see portraits of george hutter and his wife harriet. george and harriet owned the house during the civil war battle of lynchburg. lynchburg was very important to the confederacy. center, transportation a manufacturing center, it was a hospital center, it was a pow camp for union soldiers, and by 1864 general ulysses s. grant decided it was -- it would be good to take lynchburg, sees it for but a day, take it out of the war effort and so he sent major general david hunter to march upon lynchburg and to attack at. -- and to attack it. down theter march lynchburg/salem turnpike and met his first resistance at the quaker meeting house which is about a mile up the road. after that first days battle he rode over to sandusky and commandeered the house to serve as his headquarters. generals like to sleep in bed and on couches rather than on the ground. this house became their headquarters. utterotter family, h -- family were made prisoners in the house. try to imagine an army camped .ll around this house in this house are dozens of officers and men. they are taking over the house, they are taking things from the house, they are eating all the food in the house, they are sleeping in the beds and try to imagine your position if this was your house and you had all of these uninvited guests taking over your house and abusing it. we know a lot of what happened here through the writings of diary that sher cap to which we are fortunate to have which was also dated -- we are fortunate to have which was also donated to us by her granddaughter. what she writes is fascinating. writes about the battle, she writes about her concern for her brother, she has three brothers and their fate is unknown to her. she writes about things that a teenage girl would write about. she writes about not getting along with her parents, she writes about what her hopes and dreams are for her future. we learn from the diary that she was very pro-confederate. when the union army was defeated, she gloats about it in her diary and after two days of and hisdavid hunter soldiers were defeated and they retreated and lynchburg was saved. lynchburg has unique history of being the only virginia city during the civil war that was not captured during the war. lynchburg caused some damage and vandalism to the house and also to the fields and the surroundings of the house. the family recovered really well from the battle and from the war. hutters continued to own sandusky until 1952 and that is when the house was broken up among the family members. oft is why we have so much the furniture is that they stayed in the house until 1952. another rauner took over the house in 1952 -- -- another owner took over the house in 1952. as she got older she wanted to sell the house and she sold it to a small group of concerned community citizens who formed a nonprofit organization to purchase the house with the intent to turn it into a public museum. that effort has been ongoing since 2000. two years ago the house was acquired by lynchburg college who operate it as a public museum but also as a history lab for learning and teaching students about history, how to run a museum, how to run a business and we have several students working here, giving tors, doing bookkeeping, doing research, working in our archaeology lab. in a siteting to be that serves dual functions of being both a public site but also a higher learning center for people interested in history. >> are cities tour staff recently traveled to the lynchburg, virginia, to learn about its rich history. you're watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3. monday, president's day on the c-span networks, at 6:30 p.m. eastern on c-span, the launch of landmark cases from the constitution center in philadelphia with a review of the 12 historic cases to be featured in the series. portrait unveiling ceremony for barack obama and first lady michelle obama. at 8:30 p.m., slate magazine's panel on comparing watergate to today. , the 2018 savanna book festival. at 9:00 p.m., the in-depth with a pulitzer prize and national book award winner. historians on world war i and the legacy of president woodrow wilson. at 6:30 p.m., scholars explore ronaldationships between reagan, george h w bush and russian leader mikael gorbachev. at 8:00, richard burr brooke kaiser on george washington and the fight for philadelphia. watch monday on the c-span networks. backnight on q&a, "crash -- the power clash between the u.s. and china in the pacific." the chinese lost a lot of face. it is hard for westerners to get an idea of what that means to chinese culture. they lost a lot of face with that and they came away with a never again mentality. they start on this mindset that we will build up our navy and build up our missile defense force in such a way that we never lose face like this again. >> tonight at 8:00 eastern on c-span's "q&a." railamerica,on from 30 years ago, president reagan speaking at the conservative political action conference about the state of the conservative movement. it was his last year in office. here is a preview. for two decades we've been talking about getting justices on the supreme court who cared less about criminals and more about the victims of crime, justices who knew that the words original intent referred to something more than new year's resolutions and fad diets and then several months ago a seat opened up on the supreme court and even before our first nominee was announced, the campaign was planned unlike any that has ever been waged for or against a judicial nominee in the history of our country. let me knowledge once again my admiration for one of the courageous defenders, not only in our time, but in all times, of the principles of our constitution, of its original intent, judge robert bork. [applause] moste of america's cherished principles, the independence of our judiciary american siege and the people, who of always been the ultimate guarantors of the constitution, began to say with clarity that it must never happen again. when i nominated a judge who could have easily been my first nominee, there was hardly a peep of protest and judge kennedy is now going to be justice kennedy since our and opponents will not, i will let you in on a secret justice kennedy will be just the kind of justice you and i have been determined to put on the court. [applause] you can watch the entire speech by president reagan at the conservative political action conference on real america-- on reel sunday at 4:00 eastern on american history tv. >> the state department's pavilion opened in january of 2017. the center the -- the center uses programs and artifacts to educate the public about diplomacy they plan to eventually open a museum at the location. visit the center storage area to see some of their 7000 artifacts. >> there is been a lot of homes at the department of state that have moved around a lot. and different cities as well. >>

Related Keywords

Missouri , United States , Tennessee , Campbell County , Virginia , Mclean House , Maine , Monticello , New York , Petersburg , Sankt Peterburg , Russia , South Korea , Washington , Camp Lee , Ohio River , Kentucky , Piedmont , California , North Carolina , Erie , Pennsylvania , Torun , Kujawsko Pomorskie , Poland , Philadelphia , Poplar Forest , Texas , San Francisco , Liberty University , Germany , Ireland , China , James River , City Cemetery , Charlottesville , United Kingdom , France , Kelly House , Whitehouse , District Of Columbia , Richmond , Cambridge , Cambridgeshire , Greece , Polish , American , Americans , Greek , Chinese , French , America , British , Han , Frenchman , Irish , Henry Knox , Hannah Reynolds , John Robinson , Lindsay Lynchburg , Wood Jefferson , Robert Bork , George Washington , Lynchburg , Barack Obama , Laura Wilson , Richard Burr , Harriet George , John Morton , Charles Johnston , John Hemming , Robert Johnson , John Hemmings , Thomas Jefferson ,