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Good evening and welcome to tonights lecture. After the lecture, there will be a q a and book signing. The views of the author do not viewsarily represent the of the museum or the state of new york. We present Glenn Williams tonight who will present dunmores war the last conflict of the colonial american area. Aboutthe author of a book the campaign against the air courier and holds a phd from the university of michigan. I would now like to welcome him. Glenn thank you for that kind introduction. I have to add you heard up i worked on military history. This was done on my own time. It does not reflect the center ,f military history views either. I would like to thank the museum and the sons of the revolution for inviting me here. I love coming here. I talked your once before but every time i come to new york city i always try to find at least one reason, one connection. As you can see, the talk is about dunmores war. It is james dr. John murray, the fourth earl of dunmore. Not John Dunsmore is a painter who i see a lot of pictures of around here. For, l it dunsmores dunsmores war. I want to draw your attention to the cover art. The name of it is reprisal. Because she is very gracious in letting us use is for the cover art and as you go through the talk you may get the connection through her art and part of the storyline. I will point up there. There. There are several misconceptions about dunsmores war. You have probably heard some of them. I am lucky and then i wrote a 400 page book about a war that only lasted six months. When you hear about it, especially in recent literature, these are some things that come out. It was motivated only by racism against native people, fought mainly as a land grab by settlers. The indians were peaceable. Virginia was the aggressor. That it was nothing more than a british attempt to diver and attention from the coming revolution. I also wanted to address some myths about the virginiacolonial militia. You hear most about talking about the revolutionary war is they fought indian style. Hopefully i will dispel some of those during the talk or you can read the book. You can also ask me during the q a. Lets talk a little bit about what is going on in the colonies. You heard about the proclamation line of 1763. What did it say . Pretty much. The royal proclamation was an arbitrary line drawn from the head orders of the waters that flowed toward the atlantic westward, reserved for the indians has their Hunting Ground. Does anybody know the very next sentence . Did anybody ever read the proclamation . With the very next line says . How will our future be known . Glenn colonists referred to it as a ministerial line because they thought the kings ministers had done it in his name without telling him end of the king only knew it would he would correct the situation. You see that a lot. The colonists thought it would just be temporary. I will not go through the prerevolutionary era but we know the constitutional crises that were going on after the french and indian war leading up to the start of the American Revolution. That was a couple of them there. Whichclaratory act essentially means parliament in the british empire. The towns had to give revenue duties. Massachusetts and virginia pretty much led colonial resistance to these laws. It is kind of interesting. If all heard taxation without representation, but a lot of places that use that fail to explain what it really meant. It did not mean colonists wanted a seat in parliament. That was probably the last thing they wanted. The colonial general assemblies took the place in the 13 sovereign colonies and they sought the lower houses of the assembly. The house of burgesses, and virginias case, as taking the place of the house of commons. Government,nt spending bills, revenue bills have to start and the lower house. In washington or was that, in virginia it was a house of burgesses. Just a note on the map, this follows the proclamation line of 1763. Basically an obituary line. We will see how it got basically and arbitrary line. We will see how it got started. Who has heard of lord dunmore before . Not to be confused. How many have seen the portrait of him . What is it . What is he wearing besides i kilt . How many times have you seen a captain in the scottish regiment of foot guards or Something Like that . It is not that. This is his Political Campaign poster, for lack of a better word. It was done after he was out of the army and reflects his status as a representative of scotland and the house of lords. So he is a member of the house of lords in this. People say, no he is in the army. British officers do not wear that. He would not be wearing a kilt. He was not in the highland regiment. Basically, and import duty raised money. The proceeds of the tax were to go to pay royal officials, which was contrary to what the colonists wanted. The only leverage they had was the house of burgesses paid their salary. That was kind will wait the British Parliament to get around that. That he was in the house of lords when those duties were in effect. When the motion was made to repeal the townsend duties in march 1770, he was the guy that stands up in parliament and seconds the motion to repeal, saying americans, if left to themselves, would soon be quiet. If you know about the townsend duty, it was repealed on march 5, 1770. Anybody know what else happened on that date . The boston massacre. An interesting juxtaposition of events. So he is an house of lords, gets elected to be the representative of the royal colony of new york. In 1770 he comes here and is part of his inaugural address he says the constitution has been fixed. He is talking about, it was an unwritten constitution and the british empire, the weight it is supposed to work and is now fixed is that spending bills start in the lower houses of assembly. He is also the highest ranking royal governor and the colonies. People say, does that mean he ran over the other governors . No. In the ranks in the british empire, or ill is like third or fourth down from the royal family. That is what they mean by highestranking. The highestranking title that he has. In march, he is notified that he is going to be the governor of her junior. And he likes new york. He is having a good time. Maybe because he was awake and a bachelor maybe because he was and a bachelor. Then, it was not considered unethical or a breach of decorum to make money on the side when you were in politics. That is why people went into it. Virginia is the most populous and was prosperous to on the continent. You reluctantly accepted. He dragged his feet. He was notified in march, showed up in september. He was given a good welcome. He was pretty popular when he was in virginia. In williamsburg, you are all familiar with the governors palace, it was his official residence. This is what the capital looked like in 1771, 1774. In williamsburg. The one that is there now, a reproduction, is actually a reproduction of the one that went down i think in that 1730s. This is from the digital collection of the library. Lets go back to virginia. Virginia is colonial charter for the king, from sea to sea. As other colonies formed, some of the borders got changed a little bit. Virginia encompassed all of what is in present West Virginia, kentucky, ohio, indiana, illinois, michigan, wisconsin, and parts of minnesota. And thoseer genia days. You can see the proclamation line is taking a chunk out of it. In 1768, was realized that a lot of colonists already lived west of the proclamation line. They had to do something. They had to readjust the boundaries. So the lords of the board of trade in england sent instructions to the two superintendents of indian affairs, sir William Johnson and another, to negotiate with the two indian policies. In north, that would be the iroquois confederacy and in the south, the cherokee. They were to hold these treaties, readjust the boundaries. You had people moving across to see what they could do. The one in north was held at fort stanwix, presided over by sir William Johnson and the six nations of europe walked. Six nations of your quad iroquois was powerful at the time, and they tried to dictate to the others by right of conquest. They also claim their territory by right of conquest. In the late 17th century, they waged a war first against fellow and they turned against the Algonquin Indian nations and destroyed most of them and took their land as well. They claim that territory is theirs. Some of the nations they conquered are still there. Anyone familiar with conrad . A pennsylvania indian agent. He wrote a good explanation of the relationship between the indian nations and what america, he said the iroquois were the most powerful. He goes on to explain how they did it. He said they first conquered, not first, but they conquered the delaware sent by them into their confederacy because they beat them in battle. He said they figuratively took off their bridge cloths and put petticoats on them. Talk sternly to them, they call them women. When they talked nation then they called them nephews. In turn they were called uncles. That was the subordinatesuperior relationship. The time of the french and indian war, the iroquois let them settle on the north bank of the ohio river. They said, you can live there but you are under our dominion. The shawnee mortally hated them. This is the dynamic at the time. The treaty of fort stanwix negotiated a p or change that lineup boundary. They redraw the line between open settlement and what is still reserved for the indians starting at fort stanwix down the susquehanna, wesbanco susquehanna, down the confluenceast the the the monongahela on down ohio to the tennessee river, which is actually off the matter. Quite a bit of territory. Were talking about all of this here. In the south, jon stewart with the cherokee negotiates a different treaty. Treaty does not change the boundary too much in the south but when it gets to the north carolinavirginia boundary it goes to the headwaters of the river and down to the confluence with the ohio river. This area is now part of iroquoisif you count forces. It did not count very well with the virginias. Right ofm it under a conquest. They make a good case it is there and that the cherokee never owned or presumed to own any of it. So they have to renegotiate the treaty. Two years later, stewart called together the cherokee leaders and they negotiated the new treaty. This time at a place called lock harbor. It moves the boundaries west to theholston river to a long river and north and east to the mouth of a canal on the ohio river. So it now takes up this area. They only have to actually convene withy mapmakers, the British Indian department, so forth, and they find out this arbitrary line goes through some rough terrain that nobody is going to know where the boundary is. The indian say, it is not good for hunting anyway. So they agree to draw the line further west. It is called the cherokee grant of 7072. The line now does from long island on the holston to the river,ers of kentucky also called the louisa river and down the ohio. So this was the treaty line, the ministerial line. What had been Hunting Ground in virginia is now part of virginia. The only problem is, that your the iroquois never bothered to include the tribes that used it is Hunting Ground in the negotiation. Delaware had nothing to say about it, but the shawnee resented it very much. They really had a problem with both the british and the six nations. Onle all of this is going dunmore is very supportive of western expansion. He wants to love those soldiers that served in the french and indian war to claim their allow those soldiers that served in the french and indian war to claim their land grants. Remember, tens of thousands of people already living here. So they established counties and Everything Else. What am i forgetting quote this is the proclamation line. The fort stanwix treaty line. This is the Hard Labor Creek line. This is Hard Labor Creek. Baber and this is the cherokee grant. On top of all this, the Loyal Company of ohio gets a bright idea of establishing 14 colonies. Where do you think it is going to be . It is going to be what is now West Virginia and maybe part of kentucky and maybe a little but a pennsylvania. What is that encroaching on . Virginia. In london,ve backers philadelphia, Everything Else. Luckily it never gets ratified by the council. Lets talk about lord dunmore. As governor of virginia, with of commission and letter instruction, these are some of his prerogatives as governor. He appoints all the officers and the militia. He can raise as many regiments of militia and regulars as c deems necessary. Necessary. The militias not a voluntary operation. Rangingmpress equipment from boats and Everything Else. He is mostly that governor, the administrator of the militia. Has the power of county ofin the virginia. He can arm, muster, train, bring into service militia and others. He is the duty to suppress rebellions, repel invasions, order militia to go where he wants. He can issue letters of mark and reprisal to privateers. He can impose martial law during wartime and anything else i commander can do in the colony a commander can do in the colony during wartime. The legislature has the power of the purse. They enact the law that governs the militia. The Court Martial system and Everything Else. During wartime, they can make rules for everything how you deserters. Additional laws, the acts for making provisions against invasions and insurrections. The operational guidelines for the militia. Most of all, they are the ones that pass the law that raises taxes to pay for troops. How many of her that americans did not want to be for tax and that was the reason for the American Revolution . No. Province,taxes to the county, king. Payproblem was colonists taxes to the province, county, king. The problem was they did not want to pay taxes to the General Assembly. Then, these are the guys that run the bullish on the daytoday operations. Commanders of the militia within their county. In the duty like the governor to command, arm, levy, muster, equip. They can raise and march anywhere and the county and they can help neighboring counties. The ones that make sure their soldiers have the proper arms and ammunition of the time and it is always in good order. They exercise a certain amount of discipline. Is one that a lot of people are surprised to hear because were used to hearing about the wherehusetts militia officers are elected. In virginia, that was not the case. New it they established a county, it was divided into 10 geographic areas called companies. Then the chief militia officer selected the commanders of those companies. Every ablebodied military age male was in that company. A 50man county could up 300 guys. It was military, not tactical. He would get together with captains of those 10 Companies Said they would select the lieutenants and intense. Then they selected the corporals and the captains and the malicious musicians. They elected their own officers. What did the militia law say . By law, the militia included all ablebodied white males between the ages of 18 and 60. You hear about joining the militia. No. You did not join. The only time they joined was when they needed volunteers and if they did not get enough, they drafted them. They were all given a fire log, bayonet, something they kept that their home. A bayonet. You have heard americans did not know how to use bayonets. A cartridge box, if you lived on the frontier you could substitute a rifle. And a tomahawk for a bayonet. Some were exempt. The clergy of the church of england and if you others. That was the biggest class of people that do not have to belong to the militia. Others did not have to participate by the usually had to do something. Ofe do buying of five sets equipment for the poor men in the company. They had to do drills on a regular basis. They were called together at least once he or for general muster, usually at the county courthouse. Usually in the springtime. County commanders, private musters, usually have their own home and they mustered usually four times a year. Says a a company, one battalion. The important thing was it was not a parttime job. They did not get paid. They did not have paid unless they were called up for at least six days. If they were called to active duty they did get paid and that was at the discretion of the General Assembly. When it came to fighting, a lot of companies in the tidewater area had to follow doctrine. The further you got to the frontier, they brought out and developed bush fighting. That was not just adopting indian methods and techniques. That included following the laws in europe for small unit warfare and they combined them with some techniques and methods they mightve learned from indian fighting indian enemies and they developed something entirely new which they called bush fighting or skirmishing. So is not fighting like indians was fighting indians. Several kinds of specialized units, how many of you have seen the Spencer Tracy movie . Nobody . Classic. Well, it is nothing like that, ok . [laughter] when they attacked st. Francis mission in the middle of the night and all that kind of stuff. They were strictly frontier defense. Raised by their counties while they were on active duty for sometimes one year. They got paid by the counties. The county court was one that opposed the taxes on everybody else to raise some. It was collected by the sheriff. During some major emergencies like the french and indian war they could be called into Colonial Service when the General Assembly would pay them and they might be used anywhere in the colony, but still in the colony, not owing into enemy territory. They first always looked for volunteers but they were dropped what they needed. What they draft needed. They were exempt from paying taxes when they were on duty. Had somebody called scouts, similar to rangers. Working in tactical companies. 35 guys. The main job of the rangers was war partiesd find heading into the settlements and either intercept or ambush them as they went out to work they could warn the settlement ahead of time, then help the garrisons in the settlements fight off the attack. Scouts on the other hand were very close to the communities they were from. They would go out and look for signs of indian war parties in the area. If they found something, they would go back and tell the captain of the local militia, hey we have a problem and they would muster the militia and the friend that community. The is what and defend community. Then they had spies, not like 007. One of the definitions of the spy is someone who watches and observes an enemy from afar. Spies would go to a mountain near an indian town in watch what was going on or they would go to a mountain top that looked over a four Door Mountain pass or something and if they saw what party they would send word back to the militia saying it was a war party coming in and they needed to put everyone on their guard. Said that is what spies are. Scouts were considered in the militia, rangers were considered in the leisure, spies were like governor government contractors. After all this happens and people start moving more into these areas that are just open to settlement, there is going to be problems starting. Cultural differences between indians and settlers is great. Just think of a way both sides would look at private property. Ok . When settlers come in, first in their want to do is jump down trees, clear a field, plant a crop, divide off the field with fences, bring in domesticated cattle, build house, built mills, build bridges, make forwards so they could get between communities and take stuff to markets and Everything Else. The indians had no concept of ivan property anywhere close to that. Of private property anywhere close to that. It was a stalemate, not belonging to anybody in it together. So the first thing they say when they come to a is offensive and it is turned get dark. They are going to tear down the fence for firewood or to make a shelter. They cannot find your because the domesticated animals and make deerskin is. They cant find buffalo because they have all been pushed west for the same reason. The next best thing is over zarqawi. And you imagine what a white settler think when indians attack his firemen kill his gallant his horse . All horses more than just transportation. It is a means of livelihood. It was a big deal. The violence on the frontier gets worse and worse night 1770 21774. Surveyors coming in and surveying new settlements or farms. The violence starts to increase. Sources, any white person that saw an indian on the south bank of the ohio is enemy, any indian who saw a white person on the north bank of the ohio saw an enemy. So there was mutual hate their if you know what i mean. Early in 70s and before, dunmore alerts the militia to be on their guard. The shawnees are getting increasingly hostile. The indian nations that live in the ohio valley include first of all the delaware. The six is part of nation, they fall in the iroquois and confederacy. Goingave a lively trade on. The shawnee are described as being the most warlike, the most hostile to british interests. They dont like what the six nations did to them selling up their Hunting Grounds and they dont like the virginians moving into the area. So there is bad blood. As a goalce increases along. Eventually the violence gets so bad that indian raiding parties farms, taking family members captive. Indian hunting parties on the south bank, they are also attacked. Things get worse and worse. All off, the same time, virginia and pennsylvania in arguing about the area ohio. If you read the current secondary sources, they blame virginia has and in a way they blame the virginians and in way that is true. This guy up year, john connolly, he is the virginia commander and that since berg area. In the pittsburgh area. With pennsylvania, as we mentioned, as the situation is getting worse he sends out what is called the circular letter. That is kind of like a letter where multiple copies are sent to everybody and it tells the virginia militia to be on their guard. Rumors are spreading their more raids going on in the south ache of the ohio. The think of the ohio south bank of the ohio. This was not just one sided. They think it indian war has started or is getting ready to start and a bunch of frontiersmen, not an body does militia, get together in a place called bakers bottom on the south bank of the ohio and there is a mango indian a mango hunting village on the south ngoe of there is a mi hunting village on the south side of the creek. Named ed a guy gets some indians trunk with others and they coldblooded massacre them. Coldblooded. Some of the people massacred our relatives of a mingo leading warror warrior. Nieces, he brother, swears revenge. He leads a war party to the virginia side and they attack a family named spicer. A mother, father, siblings, all of them except the two young ones. Not the youngest but a 10yearold or you and a 13yearold girl try to escape undertaken captive by logan. This is a representation of the attack. Arm it reminds me of the cover art that Pamela Patrick white did. This is how i would envision the attack on the spicer farm. Now the war has really started. Mingose some mangoes prepared for war. Some shawnees are issued some shawnees are itching for a fight to begin with. Anybody know who gets blamed for this massacre at yellow creek . How many of you have been to the old Trinity Churchyard . The grave of the man blamed for it there. He is actually a pretty honorable guy. He leads militia not only of more dunmores war but one of the first Continental Companies raised in the revolutionary war. That he gets blamed for perpetrating this massacre. Mainly theorces are shawnees. Their war leader is named cornstalk. Hostile, notat are all are hostile, led by logan. They look for allies. Wyandottes,the miamis, delawares, cherokee, and six nations. They have to look at their own national interest. Who sold the land . The six nations. They have invested in them not they say if anyone helps the shawnee, you will have to answer to us. So they pretty much isolate the shawnees from any help at all. Sir William Johnson, the superintendent, he tries to head off an indian war. Always ash fear was war on the frontier. They know only too well what happened up third pontiac uprising. Between the indian department, the british government, the six nations of iroquois observing their diplomacy keeps it a limited war. The guy most responsible for that is a seneca indian, party of the six nations. He is kind of like them as rory or head honcho for the indians the ohio valley. Generally, the delaware are neutral but a lot service coutts for dunsmores army. Dunmoress scouts for army. The virginians fight a defensive war. For the buzz part, they are told to build forts, patrol their communities, some limited offensive actions but mainly to defend their communities and attack more parties that cross into the south bank. This goes from march until july and it is not very effective. Dunmore thinks something has to be done was just standing on the defensive trying to stay them off as they tried to attack the settlements. He authorizes rangers and scouts across the ohio. He says of their in pursuit of an enemy what party they can cross the ohio but basically at this point, it is a defense of war. Also, to company things come in the time and you can ask me later how it affected that. Some people make a big deal of it. It is not as big of a deal as it seems. Even though the militia law was expired, lord dunmore assured people who join for active duty would get paid by the General Assembly. This is the area of conflict were talking about. See, wheeling, West Virginia, where it is now. The baker massacre happened in this area of pittsburgh. The allegheny in the monongahela here. What thes virginians are going to do under lord dunmores direction is to organize an invasion against the Shawnee Homeland basically on the river in this area, he here. The biggest of the indian towns is called chillicothe located right around here. At the virginians are going to do is form two divisions, one that will come down the ohio from pittsburgh, the other will form in a place called camp union and castle county not too far from stanton, virginia. You are familiar with that area. They will march to the ohio and north of the ohio to link up with dunmores force and then move in to the indian towns there. That is the plan. It does not work that way when it comes down to that but the reasons he is doing it, we already covered all that. The reasons he is doing it is you cant be strong everywhere at once. Way oft effective putting a war to end is to knock your enemy out and the best way to do that is to conduct an offensive against their homeland. The virginians have been getting waited for several months and it is time to take the offensive. When you talk about the colonial armies attacking and dance they usually combine strategic offense, the invasion, with what is called a tactical defense. Move into an area, build a fort, weight or the indians to attack. Strategical. Dunmore does not want to rely just on militia. Another thing begets misunderstood. The General Assembly did not want to pay for provincial regulars because you do pay for them as soon as analysts and you have to keeping them until their terms of service are up. The General Assembly said no, we have the authority under the militia law and act for suppressing the billions and repelling invasions to call out dont have and you to pay for them until they go home so it is an economic thing that demanded they do that but you will see some of the secondary sources saying the virginians did not want to support the war. That is baloney. Two different wings of the army, one that will be descending from pittsburgh made up of militia men from those districts. They form an winchester. Some foreman pittsburgh. The commanders colonel adam stevens, George Washingtons second in command during the french and andean war. About 1200 men and they go down the ohio to the mouth of the river. Intothere they march best Shawnee Country undetected or principal towns at chillicothe. The other wing of the army is made up of these counties. Augustine, some from dunmore, some from culpepper. And joinn, they mount dunmore. It does not work. They change the plan. Dunmore moves down the ohio to of a river and moves into Shawnee Country. He wanted andrew lewis, the commander of the southern wing to meet him there but they the virginians under lewis are closer to chillicothe then they would be if they marched up and joined dunmore so it is decided they will advance from here. The problem is lewiss force marched and three increments, of of them on the sixth october, another group still several miles away and we see what happens next. As you saw, the virginians had 2500 soldiers in the field. The indians at best have 1000. Ok . That is not counting the ones rating communities on the south bank. The only thing cornstalk, the indian commander, can do is to fight and defeat one of the virginia wings and then the other. In military they call them defeating in detail. That is what they are trying to do. He leads a hundred1000 wears away from chillicothe through ohio,ods to get to the they cross the ohio near Point Pleasant, several miles above in fewthey make their camp a miles from where andrew lewis on the virginians have established ohio camp at the canal and and they are trying to do this without being detected. The virginians had scouts out but they thought it was nothing to be concerned about. They had sentries out but they were still put a close in. On the morning of the 10th of october, two of the companies have sent out to hunters each. These two men got from the virginia camp down here at the confluence through the woods looking for game. The reason they are doing this, colonel lewis says we will slaughter the sickly calves first and the healthier ones when we go further into the campaign. Some of the captain said, no, im not going to treat my men like that so they have hunters go out and get game. They have two groups of 200s each in this area and they wonder into the indians massing to attack. One comes back and reports and says there was an acre of ground and he could not step on the ground without stepping on an indian. One of the hunters get killed. The other three run back to the camp. This is just after reveille. The men are not ready. The hunters say what they saw. They alert colonel lewis. Colonel lewis makes the biggest mistake in his entire military career at this time. He tells the two commanders, captainfleming and Charles Lewis of a gusto to muster each of them the First One Hundred 50 men ready to march. Put them on the six most senior captains in each of their lines and will out and see what is in front of us. He thinks what he sees as what the hunters report on what they saw, a large scouting party. They soon find out he is wrong. The 150 men start marching up on the west the east side. Crooked creek. They are marching here. About a quartermile of the way colonel fleming and his men are marching up this way. As they come to an open area, the indians deploy and opened fire. A terrible cost of men in the first few ranks of the virginias and either wing. Colonel fleming is grievously wounded. Colonel fleming is seriously wounded and would later die. Colonel lewis is mortally wounded. He will die shortly after he gets back to the camp. All heck is breaking loose. Lewis has to do something. He sends for 100 50 men from several Different Companies under six different officers on each side and they run into trouble. He quickly musters the rest of his army together. He gets lieutenants of the units that have been a fun and send some rest of them under the command of a cap and john field. About 150 of them march forward to reinforce the lines. The worst thing about the two alliances they are separated and they cannot join together to form a cohesive line and the indians are trying to get between them. The force advances up and tries to plug that gap and they try to form at the two lines on the left and right to make a solid line. The virginians are initially pushed back almost to the camp. This is where lewiss mistake of men on each line with six officers not used to working really plays havoc with his army. As lieutenants are leaving the rest of their companies forward to join there, the pr, they find men hiding behind trees and rocks and Everything Else and are trying to prevail on them to join the fight because they are out of the fight. They are not going to obey the orders of anybody but their own officers. Get intoa lot of them the firing line. At this point in the battle, there are about 500 men, about 500 virginians and about 800 indians in the battle. Lewis keeps feeding soldiers into the battle. He sensory companies up Crooked Creek won the engines try to run around the flank and they stop them he sends three companies up for good creek when the indians try to run around the flank. One to go as a mobile reserve and casey needs them. The battle starts to change. The indian start to give ground grudgingly. They start retreating back slowly. Finally, as the sun is going down, they start picking up their dead and wounded and caring them back to their camp. Throwing the dead into the river or burying them under leaves or Something Like that. Can the wounded across the river. Taking up the engagement. Heading back to chillicothe. Finallywilliam ashton shows up toward the end of the battle and they restore the line here. It is going to take them a long time to move again. This is about the 10th of october. This is from the West Virginia historical whatever they call their government office. You can see some men are fighting and ranks. Some are fighting indian style for lack of a better word. It was a terrible battle. Aboutrginians will lose 10 presenting casualties, 86 killed. 170 it will take them a while to recover from that. While the battle is going on, up leads thet dunmore rest of his company into a indian country. He could not defeat the one wink and then the other. When people get back to chillicothe they find a more practically on the doorstep. They establish an armed camp called cap charlotte which they fortify. The indians have a choice between two equally bad decisions. One, they can attack the virginians in a fortified camp that they know the virginians musketry. To use it will be a suicidal attack they have to lead to or they can abandon their towns and cornfields knowing that the virginians are going to destroy them. The only other alternative is to ask for peace so they send a delegation to Fort Charlotte to ask lord dunmore what terms he. Ants for peace treaty now i will recap where we are until i go further. This is where dunmore marched here. Cap charlotte is about here. Indian towns are here. In the meantime, indians at Point Pleasant have recovered. They are now advancing on camp charlotte. The terms dunmore offers some are surprisingly easy. The indians are told they have to release the captives they took natalie in this war but attend a pontiacs were and if they still had in it they did not repatriate after the french and indian war, those as well. They have to respect the boundaries established by the treaty of fort stanwix and the two treaties that followed afterwards. That the ohio is the line of the extent of the settlement. The riverhave to open back up to river traffic and virginia and pennsylvania are competing for the indian trade. Dunmore demands virginia big the most the the most favored nation when it comes to indian trade. Six they demand is hostages. That is typical of the indian diplomacy. When the indians were losing the battle is not uncommon for them to say, ok lets have a peace treaty and then not show up for the real treaty. That as honest and use an attempt to break contact and get themselves out of a losing battle. By surrendering six hostages and the hostages have to be either achieves or sons of chiefs, it is collateral they will show up for the main peace treaty which will be held at fort hit, in the spring of 1775. Most accepted except for logan. He tries to get away. He is tracked down by colonel William Crawford and he makes his famous lament. Has anybody ever read logans lament . It is in jeffersons note on the current state of virginia. It is always used as an example of indian oratory that is so eloquent. It is eloquent but if you have ever read it, it reads a lot like the gospel of matthew. So we are not exactly sure who wrote it. [laughter] glenn the war is over. The militia marches home. Discharged except for some the guards on the frontier. The main point about the battle the end ofeasant and dunmores war is it is the last colonial indian battle before the start of the revolutionary war. Because i guess one reason might he the lenient terms they got, the frontier remains quiet until 1777. The shawnee indians to not come into the revolutionary war of the british side until 1777, probably because of the way dunmore treated them. Don moore returns to williamsburg a hero. Feted. Toasted, people write proclamations, Everything Else. He sits at his desk and has a letter from lord dartmouth saying, what the heck do you think you are doing . Youre not supposed to start and indian war. Did your county send anybody . Because he was a ignoring everything that was going on in virginia except indian war and the Colonial Assembly would we assembly reconvened. Capital,the reestablishes the british thisip and they river and begins the end of dunmores time in for junior. In virginia. So lets go back over. Violations against native people, clash of cultures that did not understand the other i would save more than simply racism. But mainly it is a land grab . The virginians thought they were following a law . They thought they were fighting a purely defensive war. Indians well peaceful . We see the shawnees were not. Indians were the aggressor . They were defending ground they thought they had acquired legally. British attempt to divert attention from the coming revolution . Dunmore was ignoring that. We already talked about the miss fought. W the militia this concludes my talk. Thank you very much. [applause] racing the fist i think again, we have a long history you can be featured during our next program. Join the conversation that facebook. And on twitter. Cspans series landmark returns next month. H we, historians and a french store and is to discuss constitutional issues and stories behind significant decisions. Rt beginning monday, february 26, live. Wehelp you better understand have a companion guide written by veteran Supreme Court journalist tony mauro. The book costs 8. 95 for shipping and handling. To get your copy, go to cspan. Org\landmarkcases. American history tv is on cspan3 every weekend featuring archival films, and programs on the presidency. The civil war, and more. Your is a clip from the recent program. Heres a clip from a recent program. Worldtheir drive for domination, the communists have identified Different Levels to exploit in the conflict. Khrushchev speaks of war and peace in the light of what he calls the new means of mass destruction. And that mr. Kris jenner calls local wars and what mr. Khrushchev calls local wars may grow into a thermonuclear war. Widespread khrushchev recognizes but khrushchev recognizes another level. We call it covert aggression. Khrushchev says these wars are not only admissible but inevitable. Tested during a year in vietnam is counterinsurgency. The southrequest of vietnamese government, we are helping peaceloving people learn how to defend themselves. Setting, a remote there is new emphasis on the importance of the individual fighting men as teacher and leader. Troops are here to advise and train the south vietnamese to fight only to defend themselves on assignments which often take them into the middle of a better and dangerous struggle. In this conflict, it is harder to find the enemy than to fight him. To attack has been cut from ours two minutes with faster or transport and improved communication. Th vietnamese troops already assassinated countless teachers, villagers, and others who refuse to join them. I now circle and you can watch this you can watch this and other programs at cspan. Org history. The state departments civics pavilion opened in january of 2017. It educates the public about diplomacy and they plan to eventually open a museum at the location. In the second part of a twopart program, we visit the collection storage area to see some of the 7000 artifacts. The curator and historian continue the story of american diplomacy beginning with artifacts from the cold

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