The 19th century in linkin park are behind the chicago history museum. Just like the fact that you have free admission to the arts institute, you also have free admission to the chicago history museum. Step outside and look at the fantastic sculpture. The man or the standing lincoln. We will get back to this. I love this material. I am so moved by lincoln and by his era and by the art and imagery about him. I know it sounds creepy. Im in love with his body. Withll see in photographs him there is a lot to say. I know i am old and thin and tall. I do not just of like Abraham Lincoln. Maybe one day. Realizeaid that, i public history or performative history or living history is really, really important. Actors have a real important place in the way we understand history. If youre interested in that, we have a wonderful scholar in the History Department whose specialty that is. I used to give talks like this in the state of illinois. In 1809. Born afound out that illinois is huge states, really long. Remember, we have talked about this. The most southerly part is further south than the confederate capital of richmond, virginia. In some ways, Southern Illinois has a southern feeling. Definitely. I am anxious to get going. Before we move through the images, i want to say one thing that the civil war. All of the images we are saying someenced the civil war in way. Just the fact we are looking at lincoln images, right . Was between spring 1861 in spring 1865. They killed maybe about one million soldiers altogether. It engendered the bloodiest, bloodiest battles. Casualty numbers are routinely in the tens of thousands for each battle. Young to be too remember but we took baghdad in 2003, there were three american casualties, which is horrible. Every life counts, of course,. The public would no longer stand the kind of casualties and death numbers that they experience in just about every battle. Over the course of a few days. Was nominated in chicago for the new republican party. Part of our republic machine. We were working overdrive to get him to be the republican nominee. He inherited, he actually walked into this enormous National Crisis of the civil war. About slavery. The attitudes to slavery, the spread, different economies, evolution, and the profound injustice of it. At this point, africanamericans agentsa crucial role as in their own freedom as soldiers in the northern armies, as people involved and abolitionist movements, members of the underground railroad. End of the war in the passage of the 13th amendment, slaved persons were freed;. That is a little background. You have to think of the civil war era when you think of images of lincoln, obviously, right . By the way, we will get back to this. I just wanted to point out, do you remember the statue by George Washington . The midterm exam. I may not have mentioned it at the time, but his best is missing a single button. That was at the time to show that washington was a real every man. He was not concerned with his clothing. Similarly here, the best is wrinkled. People made a big deal about that. Somehow, this captured something of the man that lincoln was unfussy. He was not fixing himself. He was not a dandy. s president. Man i cannot wait to get into this. Fantastic. Concepts, this is meaning able truism, ridiculously obvious thing. Images of when can reflect the time and circumstances and circumstances in which a were made. Be able to talk about the culture that produced it and the artists that are behind it. Here, the images of lincoln and the civil war reflect in a howly vivid, dramatic way art was understood and used, and particularly modern ways, which i think is my next point. We will be looking about some photographs of lincoln because photography is relatively new. Is coming out when it was a comingofage. It was invented in the 1830s. Lincoln is already in his 20s. He cannot have afforded it. But lincoln is the first extensively photographed president. That matters. Is the first extensively photographed president in the first president who actually thought it mattered that he had photographs of him. He had a very modern belief that somehow if you wanted to get elected, you had to get your face out there. He was modern enough. How did he know this . To use photography to his advantage. Well see how he does that. They were extremely modern and their views and uses of media. Not just lincoln, but also the Campaign Around him. People in chicago. We will talk about a print made from the photograph because there is no way, the published photograph, and so much, much later. The 1900s 1880s, if you wanted to publish a photograph, you had to have a drawing made of it in a print made of it and then publish that print. We still thought that was remarkable for this age. That was so incredibly modern. After a photograph, it would say at the bottom. We would see how those are extremely modern. Primarily, we are examining images and sculptures made in the north and in the 19th century. I need you to kind of keep that in mind for a lot of reasons. The south is poor. They lacked artists. They lacked inc. And paper. Men had a lot of their serving in the military. There simply are not that many images of lincoln. We will see one but there are not as money. I terms of the 19th century, will talk about lincoln in the 20th century because he is important into the 20th century art. And maybe into the 21st century, too. By the way, you might have a portrait of Abraham Lincoln on you right now, right . He has the most recognized face, besides jesus, in the western world. Incidentally, his face as much or recognizable today than it ever western his own career. In fact, that is true. After he died, people really understood what he looked like as a media explosion saturated america. If you have a lincoln penny or a five dollar bill, you have an image of lincoln, which is amazing to think about. Face, the topography of his body, and things like that. Can do it, i i want to show you the works from chicago of lincoln. They are great and really interesting. Them. See im working on a project that involves chicago artist, painters, sculptors, and photographers from chicago, who did images of lincoln. Let us see pictures. Pictures, i will show you this again when we certain to our final papers. You will be looking at some of these. If you do a lincolnrelated topic. One of the topics is the old, every statur pulitzer from reporting on a case in 1927. Two italian fishmongers. Executed. Peterson is brilliant. Harold holzer is the preeminent expert on lincoln imagery. Chosen and older source for him, but he keeps writing wonderful things. Kirk savage taught us to be sensitive about race when we look at sculpture of lincoln. Even the images of lincoln that appeared to be freeing enslaved persons are problematic in the relationships they show between lincoln and the enslaved persons. Much needed. Finally, anything from the Abraham Lincoln president ial library and museum. Have you open to springfield . Have you gone to see wonder ful. You will make it down there. I am envious that you are from illinois, many of you. I grew up in ohio. There is a story that lincoln had come to my little, smalltown and he visited a hotel. True. Ot know that it is i hope it is true. I want to believe it is true, but it mattered a great deal. The end of our alley. The group with the presence of lincoln, and that was really something. So alright. This is as much skin as we will see Abraham Lincoln showing. This is a wonderful chicago painting in the museum of chigaco history museum. We do not know a whole lot about it except that it is really big l painting. It was probably used in the campaign in 1860 to elect lincoln for the republican as the republican nominee. That is about as much as we know about it. Right. , they had to come up with some a wayf i dont know, to make all the manual labor lincoln had done acceptable and popular. Richard ogles said railsplitting. We know this, dont we . Ranging, strong, smart, compassionate. Also, he was athletic and was a real splitter. Everybody split rails in western america in illinois. And what was considered the west at that point. Lincoln might have been a little embarrassed. He said, yeah, i split rails. Of course i did. He even had little pieces avoid from the rails he split to show delegates at the convention. They have blogs that maybe he split. Results make him popular for working people or people on the frontier or in the west. His face era so interesting. I dont know if this comes from a photograph or a print. Is kind of it is kind of derives from eight different photograph. Something to remember, artists are using photographs to make their images of lincoln. For the first time, you do not actually have to go sit with someone and make a portrait of them, although they do do that too. Artists and illustrators can refer to the things that are already out there. Hy some sense, that is w many sculptures of lincoln are so accurate. From photographs. There was a facemask also made here in chicago. By the way, did you think lincoln might be holding an ax . Which is ag maul big mallet. The way you split rails is by putting a ledge and a long and hitting it until the log splits. We thank you was splitting axis. Hes a axes. He did that too but this was a maul. 130 different original photographs of lincoln. 66 different occasions by 36 cameraman or i know i will ask you this on the midterm, operators. Theyre called operators. Not cameramen at this time. You were called an operator if you are a photographer in the 19th century. Ever find a photograph and actually, a photograph of lincoln will come to life a lot actually, you in your lifetime will see a couple of new ones. Astounding. We all every link in person goes crazy when a new, if there is even a whisper that there is a new lincoln photograph. If you find one where he has a beard, he is president. If he is an bearded, he is not president yet. Ded, he is not president yet. In fact, he grows it in chicago. The last photograph in chicago shows his new beard sprouting. In that photograph, he does not look very happy. He had a very long day that sunday, but he loved chicago. Mary todd and his family left chicago too. He loved it because the room wonderful theaters because there were wonderful theaters. His wife loved it because of the shopping. Most of that was along lake street. Can you imagine . Underneath the alley. It wasnt until the 19th century the all the shopping changed streets, north and south. Originally, and this makes perfect sense, they grope along the they grew up along the river. All the stores, all the photographers, galleries were along lake street. And lincoln was a really patient sitting for works of art and photographs. He was really nice and accommodating. He wanted things to go well. And so he was patient. Not liket is washington. Remember we talked about washington after he got to after the war . People are coming to mount vernon and knocking on his door . Every artist thought they could make a living if they could get a portrait of George Washington. He did not care for it. He was bored. His teeth hurt. Lincoln was not that way. The other hand, lincolns face virtually never did that. On the far right were any of these. Mary todd, his wife, teased him that this was his photographers face. Loved you know lincoln stories. He was a mimic. He was laughing, smiling, joking, could not stop talking at times but his face was rarely slack like that. That is not the man, you know . If we met lincoln, he would not be in fact, u. S. Have never seen me make this face. Right . That is not how my face goes. And so my family saw photograph say,that, there waould that was so strange. His face was so immobile. Same with lincoln. Heres the first photograph we have of lincoln. This came to light late in the 19th century. Actually, it is about, ida got it from robert todd lincoln, who lived during chicago among other places and died in 1926. This shocked everybody these people do not realize he is so put together. He is really well groomed. He has a Beautiful House on eighth and jackson street in springfield. How may people have been there . Into his house . Ok. He has two boys. Ambitious, really smart wife. He will be going away to the house of representatives to serve in washington. Again, it, startled us because we like to imagine lincoln a little more scruffy and kind of here was ill fitting illfitting clothing were people could say you could see his wrists or his pants are so incredibly short. That will end when he gets a washington and start getting his close made up Brooks Brothers and beautiful tailored clothing, right . This image, by the way, is help can look to use debating Stephen Douglas, who was by far the most famous politician in illinois. He was certainly going to be president one day. He never became president. He invited lincoln to debate the issue of slavery. And in seven locations around illinois, they met and have these huge outdoor fairs. Incredibly long. People brought picnics. These incredible battles of argument that were de decisive n making lincoln known. He did not win the seat he was going for against douglas. Douglas won but suddenly he was a national figure. If you have seen him at any of the seven places, this is how he looked. Incidentally, we will see this thing that stands behind some body who is having their photograph taken called an immobilizer. It is a clamp that goes behind your head. Sometimes, you can see it in photographs of lincoln. It is not a torture device. It, thencked up into your operator you are in focus your operator knew you were in focus and it was a reminder for your head. He had tos so tall, have a little bench behind him. There is one foot of the immobilizer behind him. A rod that goes up and makes his collar stand up a little bit. And so many of the photographs, lincolns tie in so many of the photographs, lincolns tie is crooked, harris scruffy, hair is scruffy. We will get back to lincoln in his face and what maladies he may have had later. In chicago, excuse me, a sculptor, maybe our first professional sculptor in our city and i would love it for you to know his name, leonard. Leonard volk asked if lincoln could have a sitting with him. He solved but he was a star that was he saw that he was a star with rising. He said to lincoln, next time you would come and argue a case, can you please stop up in my floor andn the fifth do me the honor of sitting for me, and lincoln said sure. Saidime came and volk you promised and lincoln honors his promises. He puts wet plaster over lincolns face, put two straws in lincolns knows, and then had to make small talk with lincoln for 45 minutes, 50 minutes. Can you imagine this . Imagine a pressure on an artist. Have you seen the goose brothers . There is one playing down on lake street. So, you are staying at the Tremont Hotel . Stephen douglas stays there. Because lincolns face is covered in plaster. After about 45 minutes, they pride the plaster lose. Some of lincolns harris pulled out and he started getting tearyeyed and they both laughed at that. I thought those can a funny. From that, volk had a most a threedimensional photograph of lincolns face. After lincoln won the nomination, volk went down to springfield and went to and lincolnuse allowed his hands to be caste. With these, he made a whole industry out of lincoln sculptures. Most mind, these are the accurate sculptures of lincoln. I see this online, a death mask. There was no death mask. Theyve done that for other people. Jefferson, washington. Founding fathers when they could. Napoleon. This is a life mask. This is lincoln as he actually 9 for the 1860 185 face, and 1860. Through his a statue made with the mask. You can see how incredibly accurate it is. These are plaster. Patent. K out a you can patent works of art in the 19th century, believe it or not. That would end, we could patent. He patented his statues of Abraham Lincoln. One time, he went to new york this was volk in manhattan walked into a shop and he saw lincoln sculptures. He was like, oh no. He thought they were kind of bootlegged versions, copies. He started destroying the statutes in new york. The police came and he had to explain, hey, i have a patent for these these people are ripping off my work, etc. , etc. We had a photographer who was lincolns great photographer in the early period. This is the first photograph we knew of for a long time before that other photograph surfaced from tarbell. Lincolns hair is so i dont know. Personal feeling is it is to o clean. He cannot do anything with it because he just had a bath or just came from a barber. His hair need some product, right . Need some product to pull this together. And so this is the photograph that a prince was made. I will show you a print. Was made. I will show to win a second. For the delegation show it to you in a second, for the delegation. Wacker. Own like by it burned almost immediately. Lincoln do not attend, but the prince was made from this photograph. You, photograph cannot be published. Let me tell you one story. Got a take out of how he looked and he told a story that you heard newsboys selling the one,. This this is the prince of the photograp this one. This is the print of the photograph. He heard news voice saying, get your picture of abe lincoln. When elected, he will have a better haircut. [laughter] i do not know if that is true or not. He liked to joke about his appearance. He thought he was so hideous looking. He thought he was really ugly. He said every chance he got, he joked about his freakish height, his face. We have taken him at his word for so long. Finally, it took a historian doris who wrote team of rivals, and incredibly appointment book, a biography of lincoln, and shes been on a talk show once i was struck by this she said, he was not ugly. He is handsome. S unusual and interesting and striking that he is not ugly. It was like all of us liked, oh my gosh, that is right. He is not. He is really interesting. I think i might have mentioned this. You know tom hanks is related to lincoln, right . Because lincolns mother was nancy hanks, who died when wiccan was nine. An when lincoln was nine. Tom hanks is lincolns third cousin five times removed. Do not ask me what removed means. I just know the words. Lincolns third cousin five times removed. D. You can see the square face and the striking cheekbones. Ok. Lincoln goes to new york to make a really important speech. The Cooper Union Speech. This is to introduce them to eastern audiences as a serious candidate for the republican party. Lincoln travels to new york and was nervous. He studied and worked hard on this speech. At first, when he got up to talk, people winced and felt sorry for him. N fact, he started speaking the clarity of his arguments made an impression. Who is this guy who had a rural accent . Thank you, mr. Chairman. First words out of his mouth. Chairman, really . They thought, who is this western guy . By the way, just to clear up a couple of things about the way lincoln spoke, he did not have voicemes earl jones base that we want him to have. Though we all of our american heroes to have. He had a pretty high voice with a southern join. Twang. If you saw the movie lincoln in 2012, the spielberg movie, daniel daylewis nails this voice. Apparently, it got higher the more he had to project. That got kind of screechy at the top. Douglas, the little giant, he was short but really elegant. He had beautiful manners of speaking. All these elegant gestures. Perfectly currently choreographed gestures and things he had learned. He had been a teacher, he was a judge, a great speaker. Lincoln looked untutored and coarse like a terrace and. Thus by comparison. Between his wisdom in the way he could reach his audience, the way he could connect, people were drawn to him. I heard this, i think it is true. At times during debates, lincoln had a habit of drying his voice down low and he would actually start shrinking, shrinking, and then for emphasis he would leap up and the volume of his voice would come up and people in the front row would go, ahh, because he was looming over them. , unattractive gestures. It is usually effective that he did not look like the graceful orders of his own moment, right . Matthew brady made this photograph. This is what it might have let like while they were taking the image looks like while they were taking the image. That is the immobilizer on the right. That rod with the click. P. Ese days, clamo these days, the operators would off and cap lens cap use a clock to count out the duration of the shot and put the lens cap back on. Apparently, they had a wonderful moment where brady had to go up and kind of a just lincoln a lincolns collar and he said oh, you are lengthening my neck and brady said that is what im doing and they both giggled and laughed and they had a beautiful rapport. His part, lincolns of the cooper unions speech and brady, who is the most popular photograph operator of his day, the lincoln and the white house. What a modern thing to say . Brady, which is to say this photograph that got widely circulated, in the Cooper Union Speech got me in the white house. How could he have known the power of photography . Brady. S ps real trouble with his vision. Today, he might be considered legally blind or unable to drive. Can you imagine a photographer with vision problems . Anyway, matthew brady. He did not invent photography in america but he is the henry ford of photography. He made it accessible and photographer popular and elegant. He had a real nose for whose images could be important. I want to pass this around. It is only with a few dollars. It is something called a karch. Up here . E that hmm, no. This was invented in the 1850s in france and became wildly popular in the united states. The brady photograph is one of these on the left. These, lots oft these. In fact, things could be distributed when lincoln was running for president and it really mattered. Again, they did not have screens, computers, televisions, social media to constantly show candidates faces. This is from about 1864, maybe 1865, 1867. A shows lincoln. Shows lincoln. See if you can read what is on the bottom here. I think as i explain it, it will make sense. To you sense to you. Yeah, they were called them because they looked like a visiting card. Almost the size of a business card. Now, when i say that, i do not want you think somebody would show up at someones house and say here is my card. Rd. E is my ca they resembled the little card you would use to make a call on somebody. I would hand it to the lady of the house and they would say i will see if the master is in, wait right here. When these came out, they were as literally visiting cards. The most important thing about those, in some ways, is that now people can have collections of photographs. Albums, and in your albums, you had famous actors, the president , your minister, your tom thumb, an image of the siamese twins, stunning irony. Lincoln, and his album, and his photo album, had a picture of John Wilkes Booth before the assassination. Assassin inhis own his own photograph collection before the assassination took place. That is because, you collected everybody, again. Lincoln loves theater. He had seen all three of them perform at this point. He had John Wilkes Booth in his own photo album. These are actual photographs, by the way. They cut in put in the Little Campaign medals and this shows lincoln here again and bearded before his presidency. That is his running mate, Hannibal Hamlin of maine. He did not choose himself. Candidates did not do that. They did not choose their own Vice President unbelievably. He met hamlin in chicago in the loop at the Tremont Hotel. They were both tall. I think hamlin came from a town called lincoln, maine, which they giggle about. Bullpen had already lost a son bulls men had already lost a men had already lost a son to illness. The sheer volume of photographicallyrelated merchandise and material relating to lincolns campaign ok, let us get some political cartoons. Ok, let us get to some political cartoons. This is not from the south. They had real grievance. Lincoln is elected seven states is elected, seven states from the south secede. He walked to his first inauguration knowing that faith already seceded. Within a few weeks, the war began. His whole presidency is about crisis, the civil war. Can you understand what is happening here . Mr. Lincoln, give me back my 500,000 sons, meaning the soldiers that have been lost in the war. This is during the civil war. This is the darkest hours of the civil war. 1864. And then lincoln, who the artist shows with his leg slung over his chair like he is a country bumpkin. An reputation for being elegant and crude, he says, the fact is, by the way, that reminds me of the story, which was another part of his reputation. He was always telling stories and homilies and tall tales and jokes, sometimes to an irritating extent. So this is a good tale of ferocious political cartoon. Down on the floor you can see 500,000 more troops, lincoln is calling for, to keep the draft up so theythe north can been a tory us. Columbia is a notorious. Olumbia is a symbol of america a cartoon where linking of the better end of the deal. When he runs for office in 1864, during the war, can you imagine running for resident again . During a nightmareish war and eventually wins, when of the people opposing him his former general of his, mcclellan. Mcclellan, who was really, really short. Loved to groom his troops and drill them and dig in. He did not like to use them and fight. Eventually, lincoln had to relieve him of his duties. And so in this case, lincoln says, that reminds me of a little joke. Same line as the previous one but now the little joke is x general mcclellan and he is holding a shovel, which referred to his reputation for taking in but not fighting. Cinelli can have the upper hand. Another smart so now lincoln has the upper hand. Another smart political cartoon. In the south, they had political cartoons too, and they made vicious fun out of lincoln when they could. As i told you, the south lacked artists. Ink, typesetters, that sort of things. They do not produce as many. But they did suffered. Can you tell this is supposed to be lincoln . , master Abraham Lincoln gets a new toy. That is a new general that will lead them to victory. You can see all the generals that have not been successful. Mcclellan, burnside, fremont. These are all older generals that were not able to kind of bring the north victories. In the south , so what . Master lincoln has a new toy. Fighting will be the new general turn. Akes his eventually, hooker is relieved, too. It is not until general grant assumes control that the north very luckyry, victories but victories nonetheless. I will tell you what. Why dont we take a little fiveminute break at this point and come back . We will look at sculptures and paintings. Ok . Well, we are. Thank you for a little breather there. I was thinking about how complex this period is, and it resists easy conclusions. Even one of the artists i showed you. Leonard volk who did the facemask of lincoln, he was a Stephen Douglas mann. In fact, he named his son Stephen Douglas volk. He was related to Stephen Douglas because his wife was a cousin of Stephen Douglas. How is it that a Stephen Douglas man gets supposed to lincoln and is so much responsible to the way we understand his sculptures . This whole period is very difficult, a struggle. Not easy to, it is get our minds around it. At any rate, let us get back to some paintings of Abraham Lincoln. This one shows the First Reading of the emancipation proclamation before the cabinet. Lincoln has just stopped reading his new idea for the emancipation of enslaved. Remember, this would only take affect in the states in northern control. It could create enslaved persons in the states that had seceded. Nevertheless, this is a major effort by the administration. William h seward, sitting on the other side of the table right ,ere closest it abraham secretary of state, has said something like, dont you think we should make for a major victory . Wouldnt that be a good idea . Generally, the artist has arranged the progressives over on the side. Then otherase, and figures over there, gideon welles, edward bates. People that had reservations or not thinking along the lines of lincoln in relation to the emancipation proclamation. Lincoln said, yes, this is a good arrangement. In fact, this artist lives in the white house for six months in order to make this painting. He had photographs taken of every person. He had measurements drawn up of the room. He drew the furniture and then produced this painting, which i have to say, is kind of mu ddy. I dont know. He cannot stop touching it up. The resulting print tij is whath this is what it might have looked like with Abraham Lincoln looking over the shoulder of carpenter. No pressure, just a blinbe lincoln watching you paint. Carpenter did spend a lot of talking aboutoln the war and the conduct of things. Carpenter wrote a book after lincolns death, sixwhite house. Anyway, the print that was made from the painting is clearer and better and kind of more the detail is more easily parsed out and seen, right . The idea was, as we talked about in class, if you can make one painting that is unique and it sold. Carpenter had the painting fought by the american government. You can see it in Congress Today in a stairwell. But the print that was made by a fter the painting, that means imitating the painting, was meant to sell for 10, and i think that is it. That is how the artist and publisher would make real money. The first person who was a subscriber and they would approach you with an open book, maam would you like this painting . Here is the subscription book. Would you like to see who has asked for a print . The first name is Abraham Lincoln. Ironically, he did not live long enough to get his prince because he was assassinated. But the print became wildly popular. In some ways, i think it is better than the painting itself. I think im going to go little further after this. This is the painting known as the peacemakers, which shows a meeting on a riverboat. The river queen in virginia. Very late in the war. They can meet with grants, sherman, and admiral porter to talk about the end of the war. Madeer great artist individual portraits of each of them because, again, lincoln had died in 1865. And the no studies were based on photographs. The Newberry Library has pitiful dies of lincoln t beautiful studies of lincoln that was incorporated into the painting. This exists in the library of in the dining room now of the white house. What is beautiful about this . Apparently, lincoln actually sat just that way. This was based on real observations. When he crossed his legs, his legs were so long that the opposite leg most reached , as itreached the ground does bear. It shows lincoln and something he did really, really well. Listening. That was his idea about hiring people for his cabinet who were enemies of one another, and sometimes his own adversaries. People who thought they could be a better president and should be president. Lincoln, instead of firing them, felt he could gather them around in here every side of an hear every side of an issue and find answers from the giveandtake frictions, the real, ernest friction of politics. Ok, let us go here. I want to stop and point out, sometimes we teach the civil war as a boys game, dont we . Too many generals. Now i am fixated on lincoln a little bit here. Soldiers. Out we could also be talking about women on the home front. Women in the underground railroad. Women who disguised themselves as men. Genuinely, transgender people who thought. There was fought. There was a famous transmitter man who did that. There were women linked to the civil war years and years after. He is a photo that here is a photo of lincoln at gettysburg years after. He gives this powerful speech, the most powerful moving speech in american speechmaking, american politics. 272 words. 10 short, little sentences. S the nature of the war, why we were fighting it. S man, edward everett, you can still see him striking his pose. His arm is doing this gesture. His face is blurry because he is looking around like this. He spoke for nearly two hours and now it is lincolns turned to get up and speak. We believe, many people believe, this is lincoln after he has already spoken and going back to his seat. Imagine the photographer feels like, ok, edward everett, president of harvard, a professor, a former secretary of y god, he was oh mu was everything he spoke for two hours so certainly i have time to set up my camera for lincoln. No. Really brief, powerful, punchy and moving. Here is what i wanted to say. The only reason we have this photograph is because a library in the 1950s, Josephine Cobb, knew lincoln would be at gettysburg. She was in charge of photography at the library of congress. She believes lincoln would be somewhere in here. This is in the 1950s. Up thisally blew photograph, imagined where he might be, and found lincoln. I think he is here. Again, historians and people looking hard, there are always things to find. There are more things to find. Things that are hiding in plain sight. I wanted to give a shout out for Josephine Cobb for that because then we would not have a picture of him at gettysburg, when his finest moments as a leader of the country. Very good. A couple more works too. Lincoln entering richmond. Wons is when the wari is four days earlier. The capital falls. Lincoln appears in richmond. Because of some followups of his arrangement, he and that simply walking ashore and the whichwith his son tad, was named, some people said because he was really wiggly when he was little like a tadpole, and some people because he had a big head. He did have a big head, actually. Lincoln and tad walked through the streets. A time, there is a moment where he gets into the carriage a carriage also. D africanamerican enslaved persons come out to touch him, kissed him. You takes off his hat, he shakes hand lincoln takes off his hat, shakes their hands, he tells people, dont kneel. Teary eyes, really moving. He goes to the confederate white house, to jefferson davidsons room and office. Sits in his chair for a few minutes, asks for a glass of water, thinks, reflects, that is it. We have talked a lot about napoleon. Lincoln could devastate richmond further. He could destroy the confederate white house. He could drop people out and have them hanged as traitors, rate . Instead come right . Instead, his style is more about , reconciliation more humane. Most of the white citizens had the drapes pulled. They would not go out, of course. They were stolen. Sullen. Lincoln was only shown in his spectacles once as he is here. Sometimes he has holding his glasses. This photograph was taken Anthony Berger was a very femmes operator fo famous operator for brady. If you guys ever take my history of photography class, we will talk about why bradys operators, who were so talented, eventually lead him and start their own businesses or become a different kind of photographer altogether. In the day, it would just be photographs by brady. Because it came out of bradys studio, but the camera was operated by anthony are Anthony Berger. Here is lincoln. He looks like he is reading from a bible to tad. In fact, lincoln worried about that when he saw the photograph. He said i do not want this to be a species of false pretense, he said. I do not want people to think this is a bible. Sometimes, the illustrations made of this photograph made it look like a bible. But after lincoln died, this was reproduced. It made people feel very deeply because it was the first image of lincoln as a father people had seen. Of how theexample photograph is published. It says photographs by brady. So people seeing this photographed by brady. People would not think it is a photograph but the next best thing. It is a super accurate presentation of the photograph. This is what it looks like when the photograph became a print. In harpers weekly, the most popular illustrated magazine in the north for the duration of the war and in the whole entire period. Lincoln is the first president to be assassinated in office, while in office. It stunned everybody. I have to say, it was hard for people to grasp. Was hard for them to grasp, weight, and actor shot lincoln it was hard for them to grasp, wait, an after shots sncoln actor lincolnh shot lincoln. The younger one . John wilkes booth. He did not look out of place. He snuck into the president ial box, waited for a big laugh, a comedy. Can cousin, lincoln was having the time of his life because the war ended a few days earlier. He was black thing with mary todd. They were saying we should go to the middle east. We should go to chicago. They talked about retiring in chicago, but they were going to start living again after the war. And John Wilkes Booth shot lincoln, had a little moment where there is a scuffle with henry rathbone. John wilkes booth him in the arm with a dagger, jumped on stage, yelled something that some people remembered as the south is avenged, other people remember it as the latin phrase. This is what always happens to tyrants. Out the theater and into the maryland countryside. It was really hard to grasp. Publishers and this is one of the most famous courier prints ever made this was in peoples parlors for a long time. Very popular. Publishers were thinking about what they were going to do when lincoln laid dying. This one came out very quickly, days of the assassination. Usually it took weeks to produce a print. It is awkward. The bodies and heads are mismatched, at a place. Remember, they had to get an image of John Wilkes Booth, a photograph or another image, too make the face. By the way, lincoln was not grasping the flag at this moment. He was not looking in this direction, he was looking down and the audience. It would take a couple seconds for rachlin to know what was happening as he jumped out. There is a whole body of imagery that shows how horrible John Wilkes Booth is. Can you see this . Can you make out what is happening . This image comes from a photograph, he looks pretty stiff, right . Satan is actually talking over his shoulder and pointing with one hand at the open box of the president. Ofeover, writing the idea assassination in boot john wilks booths mind. He is pointing to the derringer that booth uses to kill the president. Theres a pretty gruesome closeup. There was a painting of all the people that came to petersons rooming house. They took lincolns body. He was still conscious for seven hours after the shooting. In fact, there is talk that because the bullet lodged behind his eyes, it might have been able to save him. They took him to this little rooming house. A soldier gave up his room. If any of you have ever been to the rooming house, it is really tiny. It is like nine by 14 feet. Just room for a bed and a , butstand and a chair chapel has to include all 47 people that showed up at night. So he had photographs made of everybody. So here is lincoln, mary todd, lincolns oldest son robert todd, who actually post free photograph posed for a photograph that would then be used for the painting. Again, for arts in this period, i want to get you out of the idea that it is all about emotion, expression. Artists paint from their soul. It is about business, media, striking while the iron is hot