Is the last remaining structure of the pueblo. In the mid1770s, california at that time was settled by the spaniards. And they had two different establishments at the time. You had operated and founded by the military. And then you had the missions that were established by the priests. Up and down the california from san diego up to San Francisco. At the time. Until that time you had no civil basically a city type of establishment. And so during that time you had a lot of native Americans Still running throughout california. And it was the attempt of the spaniards to try and settle and christianize the original settlers the native americans that were established here. At this time also you had the intrusion from the french, british, and russian interest coming into the pacific coast. So the spaniards are looking at a way of settling and kind of controlling the region that we know of california at the time. The difficulty was sea travel going up the coast was against the trade winds. From mexico. So the thought was if they could establish an oval hand trail method that that would help solidify the hoeltd on california. And in 1775, early soldier for the spanish government, created his own trail from basically Southern Arizona up into california. And up as far as monterey california. And so he went back to the spaniard government and got permission to lead the exhibition following the same trail. 1776, he led a group of 240 people, this is a mix of different native americans, different spaniards, people mixed races. Across on the this trail. And they ended up in monterey. A couple months later his lieutenant led the remaining group up to the San Francisco. Where they settled for six months. At that time the governor of california was loolking for a way of having a civil establishment beyond just the missions. But a civil type Farming Community that would act as a ply station for the different establishments. And so with the known at the time you had mission that was founded. Here in the early 1776. That is known by the missionaries at that time it was a rich agricultural. Rich agricultural potential for farming. Thats why november of 1777 a group of 66 settlers moved down from San Francisco. And came here to san jose. To establish the pueblo. Now we have come into the inside of the adoeb. Theres only two rooms in the structure. For our interpret purposes sweat up the rooms to represent the two eras of one you had the spaniard era from 1777 to 1823. When after 1823 you had the mexican independence. So you had the different era. This represented in the two rooms. This room here that were in is the former bedroom for the both the gonzalez and if you can tell its sparse. Theres the floor is an adoe betype floor. And the walls are limited plaster. And the spaniard era the spaniards wanted to heavily tax the citizens. And so as a result the citizens were limited in terms of what that i had tray can do with other countries. They traded primarily only with the within the spanish empire. They were resourceful and using items from the local environment. For their needs. One of the interesting things here is that the if you look at the the bed here the bed frame the springs are made of raw hide. There were stretched between the wood and beams here to give the spring effect. You have the animal skin for the bedding material. Also notice on the crib that they use raw hide to hold things from the roof. We have added a little wire rope here to help support these structure. But thats give you a general idea of how they were resourceful using the items within the local community to funnish their home. Another remarkable thing in this house this particular chair. If you notice the unique share. That is actually made out of a whale bone. They would find whale car kas along the coast and use of course the rubber the blubber for oil. And also use the skeleton of the whale. To build different structures. Many this case you see the rib bones are used for the arms of the chair. And then the backbone is actually used for the seat. Along the ocean shore you had access to which provided the meals. But also provided shells like this. That the settlers use this to for different storage techniques. They would put beads or food. They would serve food in shells like this. But once again using the resources they had available to them in the area. That was during the spanish era. When we give tours of this structure we explain to the groups of the different eras. Going across here we enter the second room of the structure. This is used as maybe a meeting space. For serving food when you had weather. Really the food preparation was done outside in the garden area. In the yard. If you notice in this area you have more furnishing. That are recognizable from european interest. Or even the far east. Thats because after 1823, when the area was under mexican control. The Mexican Government allowed trade with international countries. And so the local residents would meet ships in the harbors either monterey or San Francisco. And trade with people on the ships. For different items. They would trade the raw hide or some of the oats and grains that were here grown locally with the ships for china. Or trade for furnishings. For different types of wood. As you go through here youll see also some pots and pans. Some items. That was the idea here for the Mexican Government is they want to encourage the trading with other parties. Also a down fall for in terms of mexican rule. That encouraged people to settle in to the california area. Primarily americans coming across country. Over land through over the passes and down through the desert. To settle california. And so that led to an influence of americans in the area. And one of those famous parties of course was the donna reed party. That we hear of so much of the tragedy that occurred in nevadas. A member of the party was the reed family. That protected some of the gruesome stories we hear that occurred in the tragedy. But the reed family mr. Reed settled here in san jose. Because he was a survivor of the donner party, that he was a well known it was a well known name at that time. And so when california became when people are meeting to discuss state hood for california, james reed had a prominent voice here in california when they met in monterey. And at that time in october of 1849, he promoted san jose to be the capitol of california. And so the delegates because of mr. Reeds prominence they voted in favor of locating the first capitol of the state of california here in san jose. Under the promise that james reed would encourage the local citizens to build a state house. For the first meeting of the legislature, and december of the year. When the legislators came here to san jose in december 1849, it was raining. It continued to rain. One of the first acts because they were so derespondent with the rainfalling that year. One of the firs acts was to start the motion to move the capitol to another location. And that time two years later the capitol of california moved from san jose to up further north on along the between the bay and the delta rejoregion of california. Rain played an important part of history here. The rain washed out the original sight of the pueblo. About a mile north here in 1778. And washed out the dreams of san jose being the capitol of california. In the rains of the december 1849. Next. Larry author of not so golden after all. The rise and fall of california. He shares the story of californias mixed history relating to immigration. Its economy. Land and water issues. And its relationship with the federal government. This is 20 minutes. So many people come to california because they see it as e den. Its heaven. And of course television hasnt helped because ask anybody, particularly east of the rockies and they think california drive convertibles, go to the beach. Have a big dog in the back of the car and sit all day drinking beer. Because thats what california and theyre blond. Thats what california is about. Thats what commercials have been about for many years. Thats not what california is about. If you know anything about california, among other thing im a native born california. I have studied thirddegree state 50 years or more. You realize this state is so top si tur vi. Its like a roller coaster gone bad. It can be a boom state economically one year. It can be in the hole 30 billion the next. It can be a state that embraces immigrants as it has in the past. It can be a state that is absolutely done everything it could to make immigrants feel uncomfortable. It can be a state where theres nothing but flowing water and enabling everybody to grow and use whatever purposes and it can be a state another five or six years later where theres nothing to drink. There are so many extremes in california. And just when we think were sort of going to get it to get on top of things, we fall down. So thats why i said the rise and fall. It comes and goes. Up and down. But at the end of the day its certainly i think the most dp exciting place to be. The rise has been up and down. Its not one asen dance. California had an incredible boom with the gold rush. That started it all. All the people came to california. And of course basically stole the state. Obviously some historianing put it more gently. Thats what happened. Stole the state largely from the native americans and the spanish turned mexican. By that time. Mexico because of its revolt from spain had been running california. They call it the revolt. About six shots. The idea was relatively few white men all of whom had come here and bloef me it was hard to get here. Stage a coo. And it became an easy thing to do once the mexico signed the treaty. In texas. Ending the Mexican American war. And so that sort of sent the stage for the bear revolt. And boy, the state just boomed. During the gold rush. They couldnt come here fast enough. And its all the point in time when we saw the first great immigration wave. Chinese coming to california. To help the next segment of the boom. That was the transcontinental railroad. For 30 years or so there was hustle and bustle in the state. It was changing left and right. And it became more diverse. And the people with money came into the state. And the railroad owned the state. All these things happened in a brief, 30 years or so. And you could argue during that period, wow we were going up. Way up. Of course things change. Not that we had to go immediately down. We had a period where california was tranquil. The gold rush ended. Abruptly it seems. And this became an agrarian state. After world war ii of course the va was important here. All the people who worked. Rosy riveter type. As well as the military come lg home. They all got loans. It was a goaden period. The 1940s. People were adjusting. Men were going to school. And california had a history once it developed its Higher Education system of believe it or not making college free. It was free. During the 50s and 60s. The state put together its Higher Education program. University colleges and community colleges. It didnt last long enough. As far as im concerned. It was in the mid60s when reagan became governor 1966. That was when he and the board of regions began to install tuition for the uc. And the commune colleges. Not so much. But that was a golden period. Then during the 50s there was automobile manufacturing here. A lot. And all the parts that go with automobiles. And other manufacturing california. It was a big manufacturing state. The 70s and 80s were difficult. A bit more difficult. The pulse wasnt beating quite so hard. And quite so fast. And quite so loud. And so the state began to go into a very serious period of discrimination. And particularly against immigrants. And during people dont remember this anymore chl during the 80s and 90s we passed some of the harshest antiimmigrant legislation you could imagine. One proposition proposition 187 would have denied Illegal Immigrants any benefits provided by the state including education. Most was thrown out by the federal court. Another proposition during that period made english states official language. Another proposition during that period the voters passed all these. Ended affirmative action. We were one of the first states to end it. People dont remember this. During the late 70s and 80s and 90s. This place really went back ward. In terms of a number of the social issues ha people talk about today. So this is part of california now. And its all turned around. The california in terms of immigration during the 1970s and 90s. Today this is one of the most p proimmigrant states in the country. A nonhispanic whites are a majority of the population. And their numbers have moved up in the state legislature. And in local office. And so because of that incredible growth of the various minorties, the state has become much more sensitive. Now of course drivers licenses for undocumented immigrants. Now they can go to college and get state loans. And state aid. Undocumented immigrants can. Sanctuary cities popped up everywhere. And as we speak the state is on the verge the legislature on making california the first fully sanctuary state. So the changes that go on here are like massive waves. Only the waves dont always go the same direction. And they batter things one way and batter the next. Its part of the excitement of the state. Its part of the exhilaration of the state. And for some it can be the heartbreak of the state. Now when you look at the central vae lee about 400 miles hong. The richest land youll find anywhere. The only missing ingredient is water. There have been water wars that will they made movies out of. China town. The way los angeles stole water. Water wars in the state larger than that area. Largely because 80 of the water is number one owned goes to agriculture. 80 . Or agriculture related activities. That leaves 20 for the rest of the state. Inchuding people who like to drink it. Add to that 75 of the water in this state comes into Northern California. The sier ras. In the rain. In Northern California. 25 about twothirds. Onethird of the water is generated in Southern California. The problem is Southern California has twothirds of the population. And Northern California which by the way were generous with. For a will the of people its north of the hatch pea. Dont tell the people in real Northern California. As far as theyre concerned were all urban scum. The fact that most of the water is in Northern California, most of the population is in Southern California. That sets up a problem in itself. Add to that that agriculture uses about 80 of the water. Sets up an incredible competition. And fight really. Between farmers and environmentalists. Coupled with urban users. So about you know the battles here are endless. Ways you wont find more water in california. Youre just not. If youre lucky youll get a decent year. Count the snow pack. The snow pact counts for onethird of the water. No snow youre in trouble. Draw from the colorado aqua for. Which have been drained. Thanks to the drought. Farmers are always looking for the water. And the environmentalists are saying the more water you take especially from the delta water coming down the rivers that would go to the delta, and circumvent that and pour it ento agriculture the more youre endangering fish and lots of species. Thats one of the headaches that we have had here for the last, oh 40 years. Its kind of funny right now. We talk about President Trump and talking about denying california money if the sanctuary cities and states dont cooperate. Fact of the matter california is a donor state. This state contributes billions of dollars more to the federal government than we get back. Its a donor state. One of the largest around. The state to the south theyre recipient states. Many states in the midwest same thing. So its ironically the poor states are the one that gets the most from the federal government. And rich states dont. They contribute to the federal government. Its been an off and on relationship. Having somebody like nancy pelosi as speaker. Has been helpful to the state. Our two senators. Had great seniority in the senate. That matters. It does. Right or wrong. We have 53 members of the house. The largest delegation by far. Although rarely do they vote together. They can. When they do, their votes count for a lot. You add up all those things and we have the brains here. Thats not to say there arent brains other places. Theres such a concentration of talent here. Its such a concentration. Of so many smart people who do so many things. Innovation is just one of those things that happens all the time. And it doesnt always work. But it does what it does. It changes everything. Go to facebook that company. Theres whacky things all over the place. I remember walk through facebook and saw this sign on the white wall. Fail first. Ask for foriveness later. That mentality exists here. It doesnt exist in washington. So washington is status quo. California is the wild west. And so theres a culture differential to begin with. Very different places. And i think thats sometimes causes tension. It depends on the the administration. Bill clinton and obama saw great benefits from california. Managed to get congress oftentimes to funnel us money. For mass transit for help out with programs. Other federal funds for space exploration. Theres a will the of talent here. George w bush was benign. He didnt love it or hate it. He didnt understand it. I dont blame him. And he wasnt out ward on that stuff. Trump is going to be interesting. Some people are already pulling their hair out. Because trump hates california in their mind. Im not so sure. Maybe he does. Lets remember we have kevin mcar thi. The majority leader. And sharp people. Republicans and democrats. In congress. Which will be able to exercise a will the of common sense. And leverage. So im not so sure that even trump will turn this state upside down. Its going to be a different era. It has to play itself out. California matters because its so often the first. And if not the first its really among the first. If you look at things like environmentalism, by the way democrats and republicans. Arnold will go down in history for a lot of things. In terms of governess. It will be ab 32. A larger percentage of power from alternative energy. Way ahead of everybody else. Kp coming up with cap and trade. Which taxes companies that use too much fuel. This was amazing. So environmentalism i