Stephanie today, we are at special Collections Department at gonzaga university, looking at the tribunal for the far east or the tokyo war crimes, and these papers relate to the trial that went on against the 20 military people and the civilians who were responsible for the federal war, too. Who started world war ii. This military tribunal, it was established i have in 12 Different Countries and nine prosecuting attorneys from various countries that would put these individuals on trial. One of the key people on defense was a general, a general of the Imperial Army and prime minister, and he was the one responsible for the decision to bomb pearl harbor in 1941. So how come they had these papers . They were actually there at the trials. Graduate was there at these trials. He became ill and asked his friend to come to japan and help them out and cover for him while he was ill, so he stayed on. He was supposed to be on a couple of years but he stayed on for two years and helped with that. He brought these four boxes of materials back to the United States. One went to the National Archives and the other came to gonzagas university, his alma mater in 1989. I have a map of tokyo in 1947. After the war, american troops were involved with the occupation of japan. This is the city map of tokyo showing the best routes and places american soldiers should or could go while in the city, like the imperial palace of different religious centers or lincoln center, so this is a map set up for the american soldiers to go. On the back, they have given more support, where they can visit to make your stay pleasant and profitable. Here are some things you should see and do during your visit to tokyo. So we have places they can go, places to eat, tokyo, the city itself, sites they might want to visit while in town. What i have in front of me is 69 pages of the indoctrination the documentation for general tojo. T thick paper hole punched, but i wanted to read the charges with pearl harbor. As it was sent to the delivery, approximately the same time the pearl harbor attack occurred, the plan to carry out its undertaking without due notice failed to conform with International Procedures pertaining to hostilities and violated international treaties, assurances to which japan was a party signatory. In an interrogation, it was admitted that he was the one responsible for the attack on pearl harbor, but he said the cabinet was jointly responsible and as senior member, he was the one chiefly responsible. He maintained the army chief of staff and navy chief of staff also had responsibility. He knew and prove them all. In a panicky effort to formalize the events which had occurred, and imperial script was issued by japan on december 8, 1941, declaring war on the United States and british empire, so this documentation shows how they were accusing him in his actual words and his involvement to the decision to attack pearl harbor. In front of me, i have documentation about prisoner of war conditions during world war ii. This is a report of the prison camp in shanghai and tear at the this is a report of the prison camp in shanghai and tear at the accusations, conditions and football, sanitary conditions abominable, water supply inadequate. Sometimes no water at all, no fuel for fires. Insufficient blankets in winter, 15 degrees to 20 degrees below zero weather temperatures. No food issued. No soap issued. No medical supplies, in march, 1942, and american pow who sang camp was tried under courtmartial and sentence to 10 years confinement. The next part reads in the defense evidence that in december of 1942, the pow was justly, anded and this was International Red cross was highly delighted when it they inspected the shanghai pow camp. Another is from the pow camp in another location, at least 10 men died from hardships experienced between the ship and the camp. Each pow left with a shirt and a pair of pants, and the food was inconsistent with rice and vegetable. One sergeant and two privates were the medical staff, andll as the pow dr. Assistants who were severely beaten every morning by the japanese surgeon. Those who reported were nearly knocked down. Every day, patients in the hospital were beaten up and many died within a few hours of the beating. During the tokyo war crimes tribunal, it was decided not to prosecute the emperor and his family for war crimes because they felt General Macarthur and president truman fought, that it was appropriate that they have him in office, which would help the occupation. That they would have the support and the japanese people would be more willing with occupation by having the emperor still around. Another collection we have is related to the tokyo war crimes , is a manuscript of a buddhist shinzo panayama, who was hired by the americans to come and serve and work with the men in the prison. The place where these military criminals or house after the end of world war ii. I want to read from his meetings. He met four times before his execution and here is something that tojo wanted the public to know, the trial is over and having fulfilled my duties to some extent i am , filled with relief. The sentence so far is as deserved. I am sorry though that i was not , able to assume the responsibilities by myself and that it brought my colleagues trouble. I sincerely regret it. At least know, through the trial, nothing carried after the emperor and onto that point, i am comforted. Only for those of my countrymen who suffered from the war, my death sentence is not absolve me does not absolve me from my responsibilities, i am sorry for that. Considering the verdict, at this time, matters of humanity and atrocities committed against prisoners, i fully regret and believe are deplorable. It is fully my own responsibility that i was unable to drive home in the army and elsewhere, the traditional benevolence of the japanese people and the humanity of their emperor. I want the people in the world not to misunderstand this. This was brought about by the discretions on small parts of the army. The entire japanese are not so. I hope the people of the world to not misunderstand do not misunderstand the score. Want them to realize that there was misconduct on part of the military. In front of me is a folder titled the summation of the prosecution. This was what the prosecutors stated prior to going to judgment. Says, may it please the tribunal to borrow a phrase from the law, we have reached the closing of the gates. For the better part of two years we have been engaged in the presentation of evidence in this case. There remains now the summation and judgment of this court. It he roded a very long for any criminal trial, but there are many reasons and ample justifications thereof. The matters under inquiry are not at all of the nature of those with which our domestic tribunals had been concerned in criminal proceedings. We are examining events of the greatest historical importance, affecting affairs of the world occurring over a period of 14 , years. This has required calling witnesses from all over the world in the production of emperor and state documents brought from afar from europe and the United States, and other countries. Eventually unearth in archives from the japanese government. Even in japan, this search for documents remained important. Our city tour staff recently traveled to spokane washington to learn about its history. To learn more about spokane and other stops on our tour, go to cspan. Org city tour. To tv,watching cspan all weekend every weekend on cspan3. We continue now with a look at the history of spokane. 1863,november 19, president Abraham Lincoln delivered what has since become one of the most noted speeches in american history, the gettysburg address. Next, Miami University professor Martin Johnson talks about lincolns planning for, and writing of the speech, which was given at the dedication of a National Cemetery for soldiers killed in the battle. His hourlong talk was part of a conference hosted by the