Exhibition. Our program this evening is very seasonal. It is a book get summaries. Were joined by professor who will be speaking and republication. Shes a professor in the department of english. She was an undergraduate degree and her masters and phd from university. As a former magazine writer and editor she research interests, womens magazines. In the radical for alternative press. I would like to special welcome who will be joining this program for the first time. From the historical side, where the first Historical Society in america, and have been preserving the publishing and histories since 1791. We hold amazing collection. Including papers of the first three president s of the united states. We are continuing to collect. And if you are interested, we are personally material related to the covid19 experience. Have a special initiative designed to report peoples experiences during this unusual time, and preservatives. A sampling of the first accounts for future generations. And in the days of social distancing, we are taken to hosting virtual programs and online plans every week from now until the end of july. And even into the beginning of august. Next we come or hosting a talk by, and you can find more information on our website. Before we begin, we have a few quick housekeeping things. So first of all, if you have a question, comment or concern about the program or programs, you can contact me or sarah. Our coordinator. An email programs or you can reach us through our website. As i mentioned, were producing polymer programs for free during this covid19 express but of course we are a nonprofit. So if you have the capability to support, we would encourage you to do so. And you can do that by visiting our website. Over the details of how we use zoom. You will have a presentation and then a questionandanswer period and their arcuate where you can ask questions. The first is the q a function. If youre using a computer, at the bottom of your screen, on your tablet or cell phone, it could be at the top of the screen. But essentially, theres a function for that and you can click on that and begin your question. And we will read the questions to our speaker. And that she will answer them. Then we can do it is to use a raise hand function. This will allow you to indicate if you want to ask a question. And then we will unmute people if we have time. The one thing on the unmute function is you will most likely need to unmute yourself as well. Keep that in mind. Without further ado, im going to introduce a speaker. We will be hearing from donna harrington. And donna, he would like to turn on your camera and unmute yourself. Its great to see you. And i know going to headed over to you. Donna thank you so much. Thank you all for coming. Thank you to gavin for making this possible. Now before we begin, i want to acknowledge these are such difficult times. So much is on our minds. As i have worked on this, this lecture, in the last week i must admit i did find myself thinking is this really the time to be talking about summer leisure. Or even about the 19th century publishing. The less corner of the 19th century, the period that i focus on in my study, it wasnt without its challenges. At the beginning of the period, in 1977, federal troops rescinded to quell, against the railroad. It was very bloodied. It began and found himself in the war ended between the country struggled with the failure of reconstruction. In a period of rapid industrialization brightest of the. Is not without economic, social and public of people. So with those challenges, in mind, i would like to talk about the most prominent arguments of the period. And i would extend that to summer training. And that is in a short period of time away from the pressures of the 19th century like they gave people the wherewithal to engage with the world once again on a return. I hope to nice talk might work in the same way. Lets just jump in. I talk about the rise of some reading. And could really begin anywhere in the 19th century. But i would like to start todays, and more specifically in dorchester. With alan stone black cloak of the daughter lucy stone and henry brown blackwell. The prominent 19th century abolitionists and womens rights activist kids free deviancy kind of a family portrait. Family fun over there on the left. Almost three of them. In the early 1870s, she was a teenager and a voracious reader. Especially in the summertime. When youre reading turn very dramatically to stories of adventure. And temptation. So if you read some of the journals over this period, her journals are filled with entries of accounts of writing to boston by streetcar. You could pick up the latest issue of the popular ledger and popular weekly story paper printer she talks about stopping at the boston public library. In her stacks of books that she devours one week and then returns the next. I will hear from her journals. Change my books and not on the time for dinner she writes in july of 1872. I have a very good set of books this time. Though ive read them all the before. And among the titles machine mentioned in this journal, she mentions the gothic mystery called the thief in the night. She admits readily of southerners. And also tom brown at oxford. She describes as a favorite. But alice took part in a quite different type of some reading is all in this with the picture on the right is going to come in. As the family so on oak help in dorchester. During the summer, the stone blackwell household engaged in shared family grading. This was a very common practice in the 19th century. In the summer, they did so on the witness box. You can see it there. To take advantage of the cool breezes from the nearby bay. And there alice read books and her family read books. Sir Walter Scotts and vanity fair. And as the red long, over the course of many of summer evening. Energy light in this shared rating was absolutely apparent. Is another quote from her journal. It was read up on the roof she wrote in july of 1872. And i chased papa about to tickle his toes. Im an informal given action and adventure. Analysis Summer Reading choices and practices, i think shall resonate with us today. Every year were familiar with this. Every year, and for the memorial day weekend, the Summer Reading season begins. She has a place for the best Summer Reading but so does the New York Times, National Public radio. The wall street journal, and a host of other media outlets. Summer is a time when we turn to lightweight paperbacks that we can stuff into her beach bag read without worry by the poolside. It is a time we are told to reach for the light popular novel for the actionpacked bestseller. And as clyde a critic for the New York Times wrote, the hot summer but issue from 1968, he said the Summer Reading the statute of liberty and motherhood, is always with us. And that is still true today. The list of best summaries continues in this very broad season. Have taken some, the first one to three of them, came from the weekend of the memorial day weekend. The one on the bottom, which is from today. So we see here, top one is from the New York Times. The beach may be closed but these folks are worth opening. The next one down, refinery of a fight for millennial young women. The 25 books you would want to read the summer. On the left is from opera, 28 of the best beach rates of the summer of 2020. And then yet another list. This one came from today this afternoon boston globe online. The best books to read, the summer and i might note that the boston globe, quickly go through it and see what they were recommending. And i was really struck and at one point the New York Times criticized for its book list that included the authors. One season they are accused of having reached peak capacity with the choices predict and books read the summer in the boston globe are incredibly varied and diverse. So where does this idea of summary come from. Some reading is a specific practice. How did it come to be an established part not only of literary commerce up but of American Culture as well. Those are some of the questions i began to explore. So i am of a historian. So i practice in the field that looks at the intersection of authorship, reading and publishing. History is a field that concerns itself with material objects. But also with the Cultural Practices that surround books. How books are produced. How they are circulated. How they are received. In one summer, when jim was returning from a conference in halifax nova scotia. As in the bookstore looking for something to read in the flight home and i came across this glossy book that was announcing the best summaries for the season. And if i myself as a result kind of thinking about my own Summer Reading ritual. On the ways in which the Publishing Industry have shaped and sustained those. So that led me to the library at brown university. Brian worked with a magazine called the fire. His amazing from charles, this stories in the new york publisher. No talk about him a little bit later in this talk is well. The very rich text for live advertisements from other publishers, talk about the with people were reading. And from there i moved on. Move afterward. Tonight of the 19th century magazines and newspapers from across the united states. Wanted leave just a new england. I went to the African Americans and other alternative preferences print after that, went on to publishing archives at harvard and princeton in columbia. On two letters and journals and to and long long list of novels set at summer results rated many of them written by some of the periods absolute most famous authors. Stephen crane, william powell, louisa may, sarah jewett. Theyll practice and a tradition of the summer novel at some point in their career. When it counted as a result of this, no not so vital. What event was very interesting chapter in the history of publishing. Some readings in the 19th century was very much a commercial construction. The idea of Summer Reading as a product was part of the Publishing Industries concerted efforts to redefine a four season. To capitalize on the really dramatic rise of travel, tourism and summaries are in the victorian american in the gilded age. But the 19th century summary involved more than just commerce as well. In the last quarter of the 19th century, and also became a wellestablished cultural back into practice of performance. Many of those characteristics you name with us toda remain wi. Interesting chapter both in the history of the book and history of summer leisure. My book has covered a lot of ground. I just briefly read produce the table of contents today. To give you a little bit of a flavor of the larger argument as well. I loo travel. And its changing from an elite Cultural Practice to one that is embraced the middleclass and increasingly used as a marker of gentility. And it would be reminiscent enough to nothing here that the professional authors of the period all indulgent summer leisure. I also look at a variety of books that were advertised as best summaries and look especially at the development of what i call an american summer novel. The novel that was specifically set at a summer resort. And finally, i looked at the ways in which authorship intersected with a kind of exploited this new genre. And at the ways in which physical basis shaped Summer Reading practices. I looked at everything from resource libraries, Saratoga Springs and that were advertised quartzite meeting the vent jobs that were builtin to the very white arms. Today the want to focus on one part of the books argument. That is the role of the 19th century magazine culture plate. And reframing Summer Reading into a genteel practice. Im especially interested in the socalled peacemaking publications. Larry produced some covers of these here for the use of the three most prominence. The Atlantic Monthly print publishing boston. Harvards new monthly magazine arrival in new york city in the century history. Their role is going to be very significant. These were publications that had significant degree of cultural authority. Every sedgwick had described the atlantic for example is an exempt of yankee humanism. The photocopy that it featured. In this age of the magazine, these publications and others become the primary vehicle for what James Hopkins called the machinery of publishing and reviewing. It is a machinery the prevents of readers in a certain way. It explains the tax and establishes a context for and prepares us as readers to read it in certain way and with a certain framework in mind. So these other publications and other magazines of this. Shaped discourse on Summer Reading through the visuals. Thats what i would like to explore. The me just say give you an idea of where i want to go with this. Its kind of three parts. On a look at early in the center. The very beginning of a discourse on Summer Reading. Another one of moveon to the complete destruction of she fiction the developed and the. And finally, one look at the publishers efforts to reframe and reclaim Summer Reading. That was something and we will see how that develops. So the first part. The very early discourse on some reading. This is go back a bit. And i have images here, paintings from the. In taking its name from england and europe, Domestic Tourism in the united states, developed in the way the 1700 around places like niagara falls. The hudson river and over here on the left. And tourism develops around there. By the 1830s, wealthy travelers were visiting the White Mountains. You can see that in the bottom image on the right. Theres this painting and writings. They were in Mount Desert Island in maine. Mineral springs in the south. A host of other sites. Excuse me, it is allergy season. If you can bear with me. Rhode island begins taking shape your as well. As a respite from the heat of the summer. I will look at two magazines here. To give you the tenor of how the discourse begins. On the left, 1835, new england magazine. You can see here the opening story is on goodman brown. 1835, the magazine had an article red summer philosophy. Begin by political philosopher and his advice to live life like the theme of this article. Summer philosophy advises younger less experienced travelers with ways to use the time. Any advice of the need to use their time to cultivate this. Heres a quote rated walk slow, talk slow, think so, read, write and eat and dress and undress and shortlived, was studied and exquisite deliberation. In a deliberation needed to extend to whatever reading traveler chose. The summer traveler for example, was to avoid reading anything having to deal with politics. As well as anything that had swaddled and egotism. The best authors were Charles Lambright especially lambs as they spread heres another quote. The reviewer wrote, lambs a safe work to the class of home and the customary with visions in the garden. Dewey jasmine. And with girls. The young man who followed this advice in the article was very specific about the gender and some reader would cultivate these sweet serenity that would last until october. Over here and write. And in the 1860s, and similarly a dignified approach. In 1963, but months view of a new poetry collection, a book for the seaside. From the boston firm of collection of poetry. Featuring the works of shelley, longfellow and others. Pinups was very keen on it braden said it was going to be much is a good summary but a corruption of permanent value. Later in 1850 he would also recommend the work of Washington Irving for Summer Reading. As a described irving who just happen to be one of his authors. As a quote genial and beautiful genius. It also noted that irvings work was part of the convenient and a classic series that would be delightful for Summer Reading soap heres a kind of firm first glimpse of a discourse taking shape. His famed as mescaline, deliverance, and adds very distinctive and what it was designed to accomplish. By mid century, then changed. The discourse is gone. The discourse changes and it does so, because really Interesting Development in the literary field was the way of the cheap be perfect fiction that flooded the literary marketplace after the civil war. This was really an unprecedented expansion of the american popular culture. The significant challenge the mainstream publisher. That challenge took a variety of forms. I will go here to this cheap fiction. First, in this period, this was before the passage of International Copyright act. This wave of cheap fiction had british and european fiction. So George Eliots and alice in wonderland, Sir Walter Scott and charles dickens, all of these work were not protected by copyright. And they quickly picked them up and publish them in a very cheap paper cover edition. Often in libraries sometimes multiple rate releasing multifile times a week. And because about ten to 20 cents per volume. No readers probably wouldnt find the in bookstores, and said they would find them at newsstands, railway kiosks, and even onboard trains. They would go up and down selling snacks but also paper bounce books. In the remark that by the 1870s, virtually everyone who took a train for a journey of any length at all, wouldve encountered a book from one of the popular cheap libraries. She fiction took another form as well. In stories such as that fiction factors. These were stories of our quickly produced, of questionable quality and they were about murders, and rescue and melodrama. They were heavily formulated, a real industrial commodity that loaded the markets. One of the part of this mix of cheap fiction. Needs to be mentioned. The questionable and perceived to be very immoral. Typically appearing in yellow paper covers. People talk about this and divide by one of the purines not just being sinful, but in scrupulous. So you can kinda see three of the covers that will give you the flavor of this wave of cheap fiction. From the left, captives of the frontier. In western stories and incredibly popular. They did a lot of the way of nationbuilding. In the middle, linden, one was critically aggressive about the copyright. And then the right, one of the most popular writers of the period, laurel libby. Wildly popular author of working girl fiction and paper covers. With the relationship with some raining. Like Summer Reading, becomes kind of part of the associated with this wave of cheap fiction. And indeed, number of publishers and the. Trying to explain that connection. And they want to take advantage of it. So heres one of them. Georgia new york publisher, and an incredibly successful. Call the seaside library. And this is on that library cover. Its also mr. Hyde. And the portability is going to be coming incredibly important in terms of marketing summer fiction at this time. And they can be into a pocket. In the middle, you see george monroe, packaging that cheap paperback a little bit differently. A decidedly for the Summer Markets. So in the seaside library, top edition and again, king solomons, but then we have that postcard. With the white house, with the cliff overlooking and the sailboat is going by. Clearly invoking summer and summer time. The couple is looking over the cliff. And finally overhear the right, one of my favorite cheap paperbacks and industries have another way of that they figured in this marketplace. And again, it is called flirtation of a beauty. She was wildly popular. Three of her novels reset specifically at summer results. When atlantic city, and this one flirtations of the beauteous is initially in newport, rhode island. These were really quite vital wild and predictable. The fiveyear is the typical, moment falls in love with a very rich man and import rated and she knows that it wont work out because of the discrepancy and sheer issue shown sacrificing yourself by throwing yourself off here. If youre familiar with newport, i kind of think this is survived by have no reason for doing so. She story herself off and said i am going into the bitterness of death. Im going to set you free. While this is early in the novel and she does not die. In fact, as the story progresses, she ends up in the White Mountains of new hampshire. She is kidnapped by pirates and taking down the Connecticut River in very libby fashion. This is all about the first 60 70 pages. More worrisome, perhaps many publisher interested in jumpstarting with the season. Was a conversation around this kind of reading and more. The reverend, of a prominent preacher once the Summer Season with a summit basically criticizing, dancing and gossiping, horse racing and all of the other things that he associated with Saratoga Springs. But some of his severest criticism against some raining itself, in fact he called it literary poison in august. Anymore the kinds of lights novels the people running the summer, were dangerous to this congregations immortal souls. So nearly half its, to quote from exhibit. This will get impeded in the book. Some regularity. Not that the frogs of the collected Printing Press roll into your saratoga trump. Would it not be an awful thing for you to be struck by lightning. You have an event one of these paper covered romances. The hero of parisian and heroin the principal flirt. Chapters in the book you would not be two children in the rate of hundred dollars online. I really believe there is more trash brand among the classes in july and august and all of the other ten months of the year. And throughout the 19th century, criticism of the novel the general cheap paperback action in particular brand benefit. Nineteen century and cultural critics. They equated the operating, the basement of especially for the woman reader. So given this kind of cultural comments, the period between 1870 and 1900, was that the most congenial setting for the birth of white Summer Reading. But mainstream publishers persisted. And the use of variety of tactics. So they will reclaim some raining from the slave of cheap fiction. The use of variety pack for example. In the advertising they begin to put labels on everything. The best Summer Reading. That absolutely nothing to do with the summer. There is another strategy of packaging books as part of the summers. And kind of making them each a recognizable summer brand. So apples and had its common country library. And sunshine series. Henry had leisure hours. And different series. In the case of one newspaper, 100degree the shade summer fiction series. He also embraced the paperback as the perfect summer read. The american bookmaker. In praise of the paper covers, these are the golden days of the paper, prayed the flexible crops of the pocketbook. They have a cool in summary look rated and from the flexibility, and be readily stowed away in the pockets. Or unfilled corner of a travel ban. They asked themselves to every conceivable reading from to the upright to that recumbent, on a sofa, around in his hammock or a bed. Were stretched out on greens or a sandy beach. I think perhaps most important, taking in the cultural discourse the novel reading or sensational or sinful, publishers worked very specifically to refrain and repackage like Summer Reading. Meaning it is a genteel act, local escape and essential middleclass treasure. The case making as i mentioned early, theres a good taste and raining. When you read issues in this period, we find in their the papers, summer novels begin to be described as a way to fill up the vacant hours and resort were kept against the board and rain date. There is saying the summer novels didnt demand too much attention. That made the Excellent Company along rights. Summer novels were structured. Just method the best summer to be picked up and look put down without losing the thread of the activities. Most important you think the are easytoread. His escape from the pressures of the 19th century. One of those poignant examples i came across came from the monthly, literary monthly in san francisco. In one season the noted that it was especially light weight hold selection of starvation that was available that year. It was almost inclined to criticize within they stop they said it is been incredibly difficult season that year. And they say that people need it because they need something to take the minds away from that. Most important, publishers, authors in the literary together, very specifically to reframe Summer Reading as a gracious feminine pastime. And he regains stress this out, he was incredibly young at this time. In 1970, but many others in this. You were just starting out, wanted to get her become part of the literary marketplace, then again with travel writing. And james is no exception here. 1970 hero to travel, for the nation. In a dispatch risen from Saratoga Springs, he observed for example, that there are few prettier sites than the charmingly dressed woman, gracefully establishing some shady spot with a piece of needle worker a book in hand. The school, later in the base year he is recounting a trip on a steamer crossing lake george to vermont. He talks about the scenery around him and then he drills down the focuses on the a woman who are on the steamboat that he is on. They reports that they are standing in a group on the deck with copies of a book. In his latest novel, hit had just been published that year by appleton. They all had it in the hands. We see it here. Its about the lake as a whole, the vast simple underserved wilderness. Were almost startled to behold these little make chips of civilization. You have to wonder at the capital little steamer, and that the young ladies of from the hotel and the deck have copies of this in their hand us. Summer reading his becoming a performance rated and women are embracing that performance. Another very clear link in the literary monthly, the linked women in Summer Reading. He is writing, certainly the birth appears the crop of summer novels. Plundering down and in procession through the roadway cars littering the drawing room cables and invite covers, attractive in color and fanciful designs as welcome and grateful as the girls. And later on in this colony goes on to say that when youre reading something, it should always come lightly clad and out of escape. That is it should always come in a lightweight paperback. Metaphor for this. The me down just a little bit further to show you how this narrative really takes shape. In a book buyer is a really good site for doing this. You can really see this process of reframing thats work clearly when charles, the fire rated this publication is very littleknown today. And it was published by charles figures, one of the leading Publishing Companies in the 19th century. Initially it was a magazine designed to feature firms work. At this time, and in 1867, he is a special and unique please yes to go history of protestantism. Specializing in School Textbooks and maps. Between 1867 and 1870, the first decade of its run, the fire was the best about the prospects of summer publishing. For example, every month maguire feature reportedly written from the london office. It was called for an literary. You can see that over here on the left. And it was a cover. And this offered insights of the book trade in england and the continent. In 1868, call noted that in the face of a scorching summer, driving everyone in broad, these books were bring brought out. They will have to wait until late autumn framing, new offerings from the publishing world. They are later, the call noted that linden was in the middle of a heated term left people in broadcloth tweeted, that is his language, not mine. In thereby stymieing the sale of books. Maybe to you just a little bit from this august 1869. The paper said that the thermometer the Volunteer Camp at wimbledon on friday left at 130 degrees in the shade. And though it seems to be an exaggeration, the heat is been so intense that there was a wariness to the flesh. In the issues of the publishers dropped off gradually until the until august and sumter called the long vacation where anybody whos anybody, takes himself away from town. In short, people were just too busy in the summer, the travel guide books. Have any time for reading. Gradually though in later years beginning in 1880s, especially. Gradually the book buyers begins to explore the market for the potential of summer titles in the united states. Heres an advertisement 1872 pretty fairly early. Its advertisement that specifically labels the Summer Reading. The popular books from armstrong and company. That may be kinda difficult to see here. But basically this is kind of the grab bag approaches operating. It is a real grab bag of titles that happen to have on hand. The reason the upper left inside, thieves were french authors. Very popular historical fiction. They a new book out a story of the war. But also underneath it, is something called the common sense in the household. By Marion Harlan. She is bit of a sort of her age. Shes phenomenally popular author. Of domestic advice. And over on the right, we have shooting and boating and fishing. So a very utilitarian information with the season. That grab bag strategy, Marketing Strategy is to find a little bit. Then we see something very much more sophisticated. In what follows this is advertisements in 1974 and then again in 1876. Chris series called the brick series. This was the selection about to be literary from an essence rated physicians quite specifically of the summer offering. In the advertisements of the period, the newspaper promotions and advertisements soon reflected that discourse as well. They begin to describe it as the most pleasant Summer Reading. Aimed at to the tourist at the height. They described as a refreshing volume. Suitable for the country or the seashore. And guaranteed to take away the fatigue of the long journey and coleman carbureted you can see some of these in the critical notices over here. On the left. From the christian union. To all the birds of literary and gossip whose whispers of the members, the book will prove a refreshment in many a tired mood. For the boston post. No more refreshing volumes to be carried into the country or to the seashore. To fill in the niches of time which intervenes between the pleasures of summer holidays. By the 1880s, the discourse continues to develop. The strategy in the Marketing Strategy continues. Animal by really begins abrasive stained defense of Summer Reading. That has a much more sophisticated marketing campaign. The buyer of this. Its very much like that much more of a literary magazine. Amid literary monthly freight is publishing reviews of new books and advertisements from a variety of firms. Appleton, ticknor and mcmillan others. Then in june of 1884, the start of the Summer Season, it does the best summer folks. In paper additions and then we have this pretty 1885. This is the first ad for summer books and paper covers. And this is very interesting in terms of the way the advertisement works. If you look, you can see the prices. These are paper bound books. There are 50 cents to 30 cents. The nozzle was the cheap publishing but definitely cheaper than the dollar 25 cloth cover that the books mightve appeared in. The first three books by popular wellestablished others. Many of them from the 1870s. So theyre not new at this point. So we have the lady of the tiger or the story about the family on a canalboat. It also mentioned francis burnetts lsi rate. A story about the home lines. But very popular author. But look at the three titles underneath it. The three in the middle row by george. What is newport of the novel. When is something called the knuckle of passion. And the third is in the distance. All three of these are novels. So beginning to see the potential of capitalizing specifically on Summer Reading. Reading matter the set novel, fiction, by fiction. Anne said at a summer resort. And then at the bottom theres Everything Else they had available. Some of the firms most popular authors have been advocating this for years. Over the left, you have francis burnett. Her husband repeatedly issued a lowest price addition to compete with peterson. All of the material for this came from archives the prince them. Where had the pleasure of spending every reading. They wrote saying that they were hoping recommending it is a firm in new york if i take on the task of issuing his wifes work and cheap paperback editions. And specifically his incredibly distance generously mentions another who he wouldve been appalled by. They had begun his paperback, editions for Summer Reading that year. In the middle, she made a much more obvious pitch for summer volume. She was the author, from the silver skate. She was also editor of the very popular summer childrens magazine saint nicholas. Fascia the section of short stories in the adult market. And they had published that. But she sighed potential for reassuring it Summer Market british rights to scribners, to think well of the idea of issuing a very cheap and addition of the authors. In an attractive cover for some attractive reading. And two years later she renewed a request for cheap covered addition. A number of literary friends have suggested that the book would do well at the summer bulk of this time. And then finally, my alltime favorite freedom in the right, mary virginia. Her pen name was Marion Harlan who ive mentioned before. Shes one of the bestselling authors of a novelist and runway as well as the 19th century developed. In 1990, she was the editor of a magazine called the homemaker. She was a real celebrity. In march of 1890, she had wrote asking if he would be interested a new novel. Which was then running serially in the homemaker. It would be completed until september. But in march she is writing to him. The novel is called with the best intentions. And it was set at the resort and Mackinac Island increasingly popular resort in the great lakes. She revised to him that if she could be at a sale especially in the west. So she had not finished the novel but he was interested. Or at least to publish novel. And four months after her first inquiry, the book was published as part of the yellow paper cover series. In the advertising heavily in jar lying in august. Including at that year among the best books for idle summer days. In a little bit of the site here. There is an entirely commercial motive for making this app. She admitted, and building again, and wanted in large sum of ready money. She needed the 600dollar expense that he was offering. A final chapter in the book fire history. In summary, i really want to suggest. Its about the larger Publishing Industry since Summer Reading as well. This is june 1888 issue. And here they decided to go headtohead with publishers weekly. A summer issue for the trades of the 1870s. It noted its entire june 1888 issue exclusively to the summer book market and some reading. For the christmas promotions but they havent done it at this point for the summer. And you can see here on the cover, this very definite buildup of the audience for some reading as a woman. Criticism see on the left, a young woman, the white prism again. Holding up her book, she seems to be under some kind of an Apple Blossom tree. All freshness and solitude. Nothing of the heat and dust and crowds of Railroad Cars would be intended on summer leisure. That image gets repeated on a fullpage ad with his familiar formula. The new volume as well. The woman reader becomes the center of the Marketing Strategy. And is going to stay there for the rest of the century. Shes going to be other publishers exploit thinking Summer Reading of markedly female space. So have some postconsumer for example. By the 1890s, publishers have our posters like these to publicize new issues of the magazine. Harpers, and all of them teaching the summer reader. To be sure, some magazines illustrated turned it woman reader to the Summer Reading part practices and you can see these in the next three images. This is a life magazine cover. And it features several people but they were, is the young woman in the center. She is absorbed a novel. She is alone, in the hammock and relaxed. If you look really closely under her elbow, she has a bag of candy at her side. So she becomes a consumer of both words and sweets. Another one. July 18th, 18 ad 63 this is an illustration from charles warners pilgrimage. Its a fictional from through the summer resort. It is seen that takes place at newport. Its called the shepherd and the illustrator care. It shows the School Teachers convention at the hotel and airport. Every one of the young women here in the paper book back from magazine. While the preacher looks on. He seems a little bit more accepting. And finally one of my is from july 1897. Its called rude. The distinctive for some girls here. And sundress karen veach. Her body language suggesting the effective too much leisure and too much sun. As the boxes and paperbacks at the feature any sign, their suffering from too much Summer Reading having consumed the latest novels to arrive by mail. The readers are spent. Finally, i think of doing a given time here. Since it began with an example from boston. I liked into there as well. This example is very far removed from alice black will and the copy of the thief in the night. Its also an example that complicates the discussion of Summer Reading. By referencing the second tradition that takes shape in the 19th century. In the summer is a time for serious sustained and thoughtful reading. So the book i want to end with an this illustration is taken from a book is called the new regime. His story of boston in the summer of 1891. Despite edward hale and sister latricia in the thought is exceedingly familiar to anyone who is familiar with the genre. Two young people, who hear here in the summertime. Its forward with the characters engaging with a variety of summer activities. In this case, thereby the street streetcars to riverside where they went to commune. A visit the cemetery. They ride the boat in the hamptons. For her, summer is a time to visit the temple. By helen keller. It is a time to teach for bostons at risk government. They suffer but established a charity home for bostons poor. So summer in the words come as a time not just for going and ferry rides before serious engagements for significant social issues. And find myself wondering, must be the tenor of our Summer Reading today. But it still will be Summer Reading. So with that, i thank you. And im going to channel might enter burnett. By calling your attention here. And this is the cover of my book. Nineteenth century publishing. Its Available Online from the university of massachusetts press. I just put the code here from 3e shipping. And your support for the pressure and for the press would be appreciated. I stopped sharing now and we will go to questions. Host so it just refresh everyones memory, you can either use the function at the bottom of the screen or in the q a function and with your questions. So we have a couple of questions that are coming. Are there any 19th century summer reads that are still read today. Donna that is a question that i really grapple a lot with. They definitely are of their time. Not many of them are available today with the possible exception where the most most prominent authors of that. 1900 and beyond. It took place in maine and a young woman courted by a young man. It was wildly popular. Books donated by harvard professors and i was but the books are very much of the time period. The tradition is very much part of it today. Thank you. An escape from george. Version, im sorry, i cant pronounce it. Associated with a version that characterized it as language stability. I think what they were probably most concerned with was a hyper sensitivity so when they talk about women and hysteria so they definitely were in conversation. I think they were more worried not so much about language is about hyper sensitivity to stimulation by reading novels. We couldnt have that. Theres some reading, is marketed to working . I was really surprised by the range of audiences it meant. I found a number of books contributed to libraries so a copy of one summer appeared in the Stanford University collection and it comes specifically from the stanford family. Also a copy of harvard that has indication a political professor who donated it. At the same time, i looked back at a wonderful online site and it looked at what was checked out of the library in indiana and we can kind of trace novels there as well and kind of a final piece, they were advertised not just new england but california as well. It would appear in california and working people would have been featured in the fiction may be less clear than beyond the working class. I hope i can call her by her first name. Do you think this type of reading helped people in that place and reinforced their interior status in society . Marriage was definitely a marriage or concern. This would have been a period of time especially just after the civil war where you had young single women so for the last, is the class have to be or full . I can think of one exception so i guess with that in mind, but they are shown in dramatically, some period of relief. You have when in use, if young women climbing trees and mountains. Its kind of with the shakespearean comedy where there is a period of relief where women are trying out new roles, and give them the freedom to do that but there is that marriage at the end and whether you see it as containment or fruition, i think the books leave it in the air. In your book, he mentioned many of the characters in the summer novels were themselves reading summer novels. Was it for fun . Marketing . The authors writing these are very aware of what the conventions are. Very often, there will be references to characters seeking out Summer Reading. People were eventually married, they meet because the young woman goes out on a rainy night because she saw a backpack seller in a drugstore thought morning and she had to go in the rain to do that. She bumped into the man who became her husband because she has to do that. Another young woman is being courted by multiple suitors and they have her reading in the novel itself so its kind of an analysis but the authors very aware of what the conditions were, what was expected and i dont want to say they were slavishly following it, i think in the number of cases, is very much exploding some of the conventions and showing the ways in which this genre can tell stories more complicated. I think we may have time for one last question. What happens with novels in the 20th century . I thought in the early 1900s but i went back through and looked, it persists, i went back to look for an example. In times of war, what happens . The tradition of putting the label on it persists. The idea of being a specific kind of a novel, i think that persists as well, you can take brands and some of the books and other places today that are designed for a female audience and you can trace the donor back and as i said, i cited clive barnes, like the statue of liberty, some are always with that. I think it persists clearly as a marketing practice. Im not sure it has the force of a Cultural Practice today as it did in the 19th century. Thank you for a wonderful presentation. I will share with everyone had to go about getting a copy of this. If youd like to order a copy of the book, it is available for mass press and its on the screen here. Thank everyone for joining us and we hope you enjoyed the program and we hope you consider mhs and joining us for the rest of our programs over the summer. Have a wonderful evening. Tonight on tv in prime time, heels david and former cia director, john brennan discussed the history of russian interference in u. S. Elections and how to prevent it in the future. Journalist, lisa provides a history of cable news and the rise of the 24 hour news cycle. Princetons julian sellers are explores the political ascendancy of former speaker of the house, gingrich. Environmental progress founder, Michael Shellenberger offers his thoughts on what he calls apocalyptic environmentalism. Professors benjamin and Dorothy Roberts offered their thoughts on how some new technologies reinforce racial discrimination. That will start tonight 7 00 p. M. Eastern. For more information, visit booktv. Org for check your program guide. Book tv recently spoke with joni ernst about her life and career. Theres a portion of the interview. I grew up in southwest iowa, a very rural part of the state. The perseverance, the dedication, hard work that my parents taught me has carried me through so many different challenges in my lifetime, opportunities of a lifetime and i wanted to tell a story that would be uplifting, people will face challenges throughout their lifetime but we should understand the challenges dont necessarily have to define us. Daughter of the heartland. You can watch the rest of her interview by visiting our website, booktv. Org and search her name in the box at the top of the page. I am stacy, the true joys of being here. This is the first event since covid and we are grateful for your, the establishment and for everything, we thank you for coming to support us. A few housekeeping