Transcripts For CSPAN2 Alex Kantrowitz Always Day One 202407

Hello how are you today. Im doing great, thank you for having me, im really excited for this. Im excited, we have our members from across the world joining us for this conversation, i been talking about it nonstop over the last few days to the point of annoying a few friends, were all very excited. To remind everybody, the context of our conversation today, together with alex we will be learning how to compete in a world with the space. The concept of always being one is something we can always benefit from and alex, im sure you were expecting it to be released in the midst of a pandemic, however, in my view, this could not be more relevant especially these days when so many of us are forced to have the d1 mentality. Help us kick off, id love to ask you, what you found to be so important about this topic that you want to focus your sites on going deep in the leading ceos and the workers at all levels and Tech Companies, what got you to write this book and how does this the into your overall journey . Im a reporter in silicon valley, im a reporter that comes in with a slightly different background instead of going to Journalism School i studied industrial relations in a put that in the back of my mind but i really always focused on culture, organizational behavior, how companies are led and how work is structured, that is something the boys thought about the background as they covered the news going on in the companies, and the round 2017 we sell the tech giants start to grow and dominate and it was really thing entrance transfer become buddies to fall apart. As they get bigger bureaucratic and they make room for a new competitor, thats a typical lifecycle of a company and instead of doing that they kept getting stronger and stronger and as i was spending time at the News Companies i begin to see practices that i got caught in school and traditional businesses. In fact i thought the operations and the way the lead in the cultures and processes and the technology that they use inside was just different and you can draw a line from what they do inside to the success. Its like facebook, and instagram is successful and therefore google is successful, i believe there is an underlying culture that is in place that has led to them to be dominant and it would be a shame if they kept to themselves, theres never going to be a point in time where they would say he is a manual for being successful go ahead, wouldnt you take notes and what we do well and beat us away, they were not getting the over into my perspective of a journalist with a background that touched a little bit on labor and organizational culture, i could find a way to write this down and then put it together and give it to the rest of the economy that would allow them to compete and bring them into a new form of working which i believe were all headed to and to have a head start on it. That was the idea, i found this thing going on inside these companies and my plan was the biggest way possible in a way that would give the rest of us a chance to actually take part of the market share of these companies as opposed to having them take ours. Absolutely, thank you so much and on behalf of all of our members for diving in to this really intriguing everybody in the key themes and sharing with us today the key learnings and essentially as were familiar and something that gets more bureaucratic and it becomes less innovative, you just found out the Big Tech Companies are not sitting into that mold and you found out they do things differently, before we jump on the call, you also mentioned that people often assume that the different Tech Companies are very different from each other and based on your research we found there is a lot that is quite similar between how they do business. Can you share with us what were the key themes in these big hyper Innovative Technologies that serve to be a common practice that we can learn from. It depends on mentality, that is day one, the line comes from jeff bezos, theres a moment inside of amazon were bezos is speaking to the whole company and someone brings him the presemitic question and is what this day to look like, bezos goes in front of the whole company and says what this day to look like and it makes entire company laugh in seattle and you dont ask bezos what it looks like, they too is by paralysis and long painful decline followed by death. And that is why its always day one. When i first heard this, isaac bezos is telling amazon to work nights and weekends and holidays and say goodbye to thanksgiving and christmas and the second you take your foot off the gas pedal is day two in your toast. Actually very different, the more i reported in this whole idea of day one is mentality in these companies approach each day as if its the first and little regard to legacy business. A lot of companies will get attached to what got them there and do nothing but focus on that, i think the tech giants have done very well, they would say there is one business that has gotten us to the dance, we appreciate it, its been good, now time to disrupt ourselves to invent herself and most companies when their asset runs out, there dont and became a company that sold everything in a thirdparty marketplace in a Fulfillment Operation a web services provider, Academy Award movie studio, hardware manufacture, the world top Computing Platform, grocery and the experimental amazon coaster and by the way this is something we will all be using soon because we dont want to have personal interaction and we can go into that later. What amazon does, it says listen we have the businesses but thats not going to take us where we need to go, they understand in the average of the fortune 500 with Something Like seven years and today its 15 years. If youre not continually inventing, you are done. And so i think its built into amazon but it really exist in all the tech giants, and facebook they say 1 done, thats the same idea, they reinvented themselves from an online directory or broadcast platform another reinventing again to a series of much more Small Networks like groups and stories and part of messaging then a bunch of people realize and it all starts to click, google has reinvented over and over again and we can go into this a little bit more, i promise to be quick so ill wrap up in a Second Period its amazing, people say google how to search function and they wrote a success word, its really not been the case, effectively not in another company, started out as a website, then it became a browser extension, the google toolbar people downloaded and used and it would pop out on the browser in Internet Explorer and people would take their searches and, that accounted for more than 60 of google searches at a certain point of the history, it was not people going to the website was people typing in the browser and they reinvented to an actual browser with chrome when they realize microsoft was getting screwed in Internet Explorer and they reinvented again into android and again, with the assistant. And microsoft says its gone from Windows Companies to call company, apple has done it well in the past, theyve gone from the manufacturer of the ipad in a pretty successful two computers to now breadandbutter is iphone. I think they have lost the day one mentality inside of apple and i do think that they are in trouble if theres going to be another transformation in the iphone for as long as they can and will find out who is right once a time is up on that. Thank you so much alex, going into this critical point, do you feel like its just the nature of these Tech Companies that this applies to them but maybe it does not apply to whichever business or do you believe having studied everything weve done or reported these companies, do you believe this is the mentality that every company could have if its leadership actually is focused on. Yeah i do, first of all the tech company and not to company is getting more blurry than it was in the past, look at the automotive industry, and auto executive mightve set a few years ago, we have no need to reinvent, we make a car, has four doors and five seats in a runs on gas. Why would we reinvent. But action the company that are gotten ahead on things like electric vehicles and self driving, will probably stand to much more successful in the future. The all idea is not to pivot, dont wait until desperation and go ahead and start inventing the next thing before the asset is down to the core. I did exist elsewhere like Construction Companies are not using Machine Learning and drones to do better what they built, there can be reinvention then. I think what were seeing now in the moment that were in is that covid is forcing companies to do this probably faster than they imagined. So heres one example, there is a stage Building Company in ireland that knew that it was not when you beast building stages for any long stretch of time, and it transform, reinvented itself completely and now building desks for people working at home, theyve good woodworking skills, why not put them to use that will be a second business line for them once again back up and running, and even more profitable at first. Heres the deal, i think that every company can definitely get used to this, sometimes face tends to focus on the back of everyones mind people thought about how to live a mentality, they just be better off in the long term. Before we move to the other common theme we found in the Tech Companies that enabled to outperform and causally reinvent, i want to ask you again with the mentality, this sounds great and it seems like we should have that, i should run my company that way, however, i am trained to understand what actually enabled these companies so that mentality continuously, is it just a matter of the ceo and the Leadership Team being those kinds of people who are in that mindset or is it what are the key ingredients, leadership added into the, the other things weve seen that we can implement so that this mentality is part of the company im really glad you asked the question, its much more than a mentality, begins with a mentality, how do you put the mentality into action, it begins with changing the nature to the way you see work. Weve gone through a few different stages of work, and the industrial economy, i would say its important to think of two different buckets, one is ideal, work thats involved with coming up with new things and bringing them to life. The others execution, everything involved with supporting and making sure that your product is working well for your preexisting product is working well. In the industrial economy, almost all the work we did was execution like someone will come up with an idea, and then everybody would be in the factory making widgets. Then we moved to the economy, all the sudden theres a promise, we will use ideas and work but if you think about the knowledge economy that we live in today, almost all of her time is spent on execution work. We spent a tiny portion of our lives coming up with a new idea and almost all the rest of the time supporting the existing think. Lets say you run a manufactured and used all product of some sort, youre doing Inventory Management pricing promotion, billing, all of these things and thats everything that youre doing to support the existing product, what do you mean they will come up with anything, your hair is on fire trained to support what exist today. And what the tech transducer well, theyve used technology to minimize execution work and make room for ideal work, it exists in different ways, it can be using automation, technology to help close the book for instance. By the way the software is available off the shelf, its not something that is developed with Machine Learning skills can figure that out. And it can be learning how to cooperate better like putting technology to make sure that documents are accessible and messages get across the company. Once he made room for the ideal work, that is not enough, what theyve done, they figured out now that we have our employees working on ideal work, we need a system that is going to take the ideas of doubling up and start or play based, it doesnt matter that the highest level or lowest level and will find a way to bring those ideas to decisionmakers and turn them into reality. There are really three parts of this, mindset, we will transform and we will not wait till the moment, technology, how do we take her execution work, minimize it and make it for ideal work in them for the pipe like how do we get ideas to decisionmakers so we can bring them to life. By doing all three of those things well, the tech giant has been able to lock the tech giant and be able to reinvent themselves. I got it, for shift of the mentality and you have to be willing to constantly reinvent yourself and not get attached to legacy on what got them as you put it, then you have to focus the energy on making sure that you minimize that work by automating it in the Tech Companies, what they did which is the technology, they dont just do it within their product, they do further internal cooperation and you mentioned the thing about the pipeline, how do you go from idea to output as quickly as possible and as well as possible. Lets spend a couple minutes diving a bit deeper into the additional points to introduce when it comes to minimizing execution work, your dimension to elements of the one in as much as possible, the second one is making collaboration easier so that people are not blocked from getting their ideas across the finish line, any best practices or any stories you can share with us that can help us accelerate how well were able to do this in our respective organizations. I would say i dont want to make it sound intimidating but it can be minimizing execution work can be as simple as saying how do we make up and look at our process, where do we find ways to strip out execution work and make your process simpler. Amazon they say inventing simple, that is the Leadership Principles which is something we find the ways to take the processes that you had and simplify them. That can be manual or technology enabled, by doing it well they have been able to create all these inventions like we talked about at the top. Lets go to a couple of examples, i will go with the highest tech example and then give her fairly low example, hightech example is inside amazons or program and it was initially called project yottabyte people inside amazon. Dead vendors and people who would work with suppliers to stock their products and Fulfillment Centers. So if you are interested in you would work with the company and figure out we need this many detergent unions in this many Fulfillment Centers at this price at this time and will pay you this much. So this idea project yoda inside amazon instead of having the vendor managers do it, amazon said we would use the force, we cannot Machine Learning to this well. The amazon they have data, they can basically tell you in every zip code the people, what they do, what their hobbies are because they order the stuff from amazon. For instance, if you have a zip code that likes north face and in the winter we should probably stop, and the north face and the Fulfillment Center. How does amazon get used up in two days or one day, the stuff youre about to buy is early in the Fulfillment Center waiting for you before you do it. So i told her able to ship it so quickly because of an idea demographically that we will probably send this many units out. What amazon did, they thought okay this seems to be working, they put the Machine Learning and the ended up having the Software Take over the bulk of vendor manager activities, now software will send out purchase orders and do the inventory planning and software will be negotiating with the vendors so it used to be that the vendor manager we get on the phone and say we need 35 100 detergents in this Fulfillment Center, not only logging onto a Computer Program but amazon tells him how many they want. So if this is done in minimize execution inside Amazon Retail organization and made room for ideal work, what happens when they take the Machine Learning technology and set it free on the vendor managers work. You can do two things, you can fire people, that would be stupid, or you can say now we have what we were aiming for, ideal work and lets see if we can put it to use, others all give a little background until one story. But the background is you look on linkedin, where do these vendor managers go, these product managers and Program Managers inside amazon, professional inventors, people who are sheltering a series of projects to life inside the company instead of ordering products, they took them from the execution work and put the mind ideal work and they went to a vast number of different products inside the company, heres a fun story, there is a guy who is ahead of pricing and promotion inside amazon, this is the stuff that the Machine Learning did a pretty good job and figured out what is the optimum price and when do we promote them, how do we figure out a way to get them and now the best time. He does this thing where he could goes and works under the Technical Assistant which is somebody that shadows him and fits into every meeting that he takes and you get a chance to learn how he thinks and how the company runs and you can see all the different groups in the company and then you get to go do something cool, the first Tech Companies<\/a>, what got you to write this book and how does this the into your overall journey . Im a reporter in silicon valley, im a reporter that comes in with a slightly different background instead of going to Journalism School<\/a> i studied industrial relations in a put that in the back of my mind but i really always focused on culture, organizational behavior, how companies are led and how work is structured, that is something the boys thought about the background as they covered the news going on in the companies, and the round 2017 we sell the tech giants start to grow and dominate and it was really thing entrance transfer become buddies to fall apart. As they get bigger bureaucratic and they make room for a new competitor, thats a typical lifecycle of a company and instead of doing that they kept getting stronger and stronger and as i was spending time at the News Companies<\/a> i begin to see practices that i got caught in school and traditional businesses. In fact i thought the operations and the way the lead in the cultures and processes and the technology that they use inside was just different and you can draw a line from what they do inside to the success. Its like facebook, and instagram is successful and therefore google is successful, i believe there is an underlying culture that is in place that has led to them to be dominant and it would be a shame if they kept to themselves, theres never going to be a point in time where they would say he is a manual for being successful go ahead, wouldnt you take notes and what we do well and beat us away, they were not getting the over into my perspective of a journalist with a background that touched a little bit on labor and organizational culture, i could find a way to write this down and then put it together and give it to the rest of the economy that would allow them to compete and bring them into a new form of working which i believe were all headed to and to have a head start on it. That was the idea, i found this thing going on inside these companies and my plan was the biggest way possible in a way that would give the rest of us a chance to actually take part of the market share of these companies as opposed to having them take ours. Absolutely, thank you so much and on behalf of all of our members for diving in to this really intriguing everybody in the key themes and sharing with us today the key learnings and essentially as were familiar and something that gets more bureaucratic and it becomes less innovative, you just found out the Big Tech Companies<\/a> are not sitting into that mold and you found out they do things differently, before we jump on the call, you also mentioned that people often assume that the different Tech Companies<\/a> are very different from each other and based on your research we found there is a lot that is quite similar between how they do business. Can you share with us what were the key themes in these big hyper Innovative Technologies<\/a> that serve to be a common practice that we can learn from. It depends on mentality, that is day one, the line comes from jeff bezos, theres a moment inside of amazon were bezos is speaking to the whole company and someone brings him the presemitic question and is what this day to look like, bezos goes in front of the whole company and says what this day to look like and it makes entire company laugh in seattle and you dont ask bezos what it looks like, they too is by paralysis and long painful decline followed by death. And that is why its always day one. When i first heard this, isaac bezos is telling amazon to work nights and weekends and holidays and say goodbye to thanksgiving and christmas and the second you take your foot off the gas pedal is day two in your toast. Actually very different, the more i reported in this whole idea of day one is mentality in these companies approach each day as if its the first and little regard to legacy business. A lot of companies will get attached to what got them there and do nothing but focus on that, i think the tech giants have done very well, they would say there is one business that has gotten us to the dance, we appreciate it, its been good, now time to disrupt ourselves to invent herself and most companies when their asset runs out, there dont and became a company that sold everything in a thirdparty marketplace in a Fulfillment Operation<\/a> a web services provider, Academy Award<\/a> movie studio, hardware manufacture, the world top Computing Platform<\/a>, grocery and the experimental amazon coaster and by the way this is something we will all be using soon because we dont want to have personal interaction and we can go into that later. What amazon does, it says listen we have the businesses but thats not going to take us where we need to go, they understand in the average of the fortune 500 with Something Like<\/a> seven years and today its 15 years. If youre not continually inventing, you are done. And so i think its built into amazon but it really exist in all the tech giants, and facebook they say 1 done, thats the same idea, they reinvented themselves from an online directory or broadcast platform another reinventing again to a series of much more Small Networks<\/a> like groups and stories and part of messaging then a bunch of people realize and it all starts to click, google has reinvented over and over again and we can go into this a little bit more, i promise to be quick so ill wrap up in a Second Period<\/a> its amazing, people say google how to search function and they wrote a success word, its really not been the case, effectively not in another company, started out as a website, then it became a browser extension, the google toolbar people downloaded and used and it would pop out on the browser in Internet Explorer<\/a> and people would take their searches and, that accounted for more than 60 of google searches at a certain point of the history, it was not people going to the website was people typing in the browser and they reinvented to an actual browser with chrome when they realize microsoft was getting screwed in Internet Explorer<\/a> and they reinvented again into android and again, with the assistant. And microsoft says its gone from Windows Companies<\/a> to call company, apple has done it well in the past, theyve gone from the manufacturer of the ipad in a pretty successful two computers to now breadandbutter is iphone. I think they have lost the day one mentality inside of apple and i do think that they are in trouble if theres going to be another transformation in the iphone for as long as they can and will find out who is right once a time is up on that. Thank you so much alex, going into this critical point, do you feel like its just the nature of these Tech Companies<\/a> that this applies to them but maybe it does not apply to whichever business or do you believe having studied everything weve done or reported these companies, do you believe this is the mentality that every company could have if its leadership actually is focused on. Yeah i do, first of all the tech company and not to company is getting more blurry than it was in the past, look at the automotive industry, and auto executive mightve set a few years ago, we have no need to reinvent, we make a car, has four doors and five seats in a runs on gas. Why would we reinvent. But action the company that are gotten ahead on things like electric vehicles and self driving, will probably stand to much more successful in the future. The all idea is not to pivot, dont wait until desperation and go ahead and start inventing the next thing before the asset is down to the core. I did exist elsewhere like Construction Companies<\/a> are not using Machine Learning<\/a> and drones to do better what they built, there can be reinvention then. I think what were seeing now in the moment that were in is that covid is forcing companies to do this probably faster than they imagined. So heres one example, there is a stage Building Company<\/a> in ireland that knew that it was not when you beast building stages for any long stretch of time, and it transform, reinvented itself completely and now building desks for people working at home, theyve good woodworking skills, why not put them to use that will be a second business line for them once again back up and running, and even more profitable at first. Heres the deal, i think that every company can definitely get used to this, sometimes face tends to focus on the back of everyones mind people thought about how to live a mentality, they just be better off in the long term. Before we move to the other common theme we found in the Tech Companies<\/a> that enabled to outperform and causally reinvent, i want to ask you again with the mentality, this sounds great and it seems like we should have that, i should run my company that way, however, i am trained to understand what actually enabled these companies so that mentality continuously, is it just a matter of the ceo and the Leadership Team<\/a> being those kinds of people who are in that mindset or is it what are the key ingredients, leadership added into the, the other things weve seen that we can implement so that this mentality is part of the company im really glad you asked the question, its much more than a mentality, begins with a mentality, how do you put the mentality into action, it begins with changing the nature to the way you see work. Weve gone through a few different stages of work, and the industrial economy, i would say its important to think of two different buckets, one is ideal, work thats involved with coming up with new things and bringing them to life. The others execution, everything involved with supporting and making sure that your product is working well for your preexisting product is working well. In the industrial economy, almost all the work we did was execution like someone will come up with an idea, and then everybody would be in the factory making widgets. Then we moved to the economy, all the sudden theres a promise, we will use ideas and work but if you think about the knowledge economy that we live in today, almost all of her time is spent on execution work. We spent a tiny portion of our lives coming up with a new idea and almost all the rest of the time supporting the existing think. Lets say you run a manufactured and used all product of some sort, youre doing Inventory Management<\/a> pricing promotion, billing, all of these things and thats everything that youre doing to support the existing product, what do you mean they will come up with anything, your hair is on fire trained to support what exist today. And what the tech transducer well, theyve used technology to minimize execution work and make room for ideal work, it exists in different ways, it can be using automation, technology to help close the book for instance. By the way the software is available off the shelf, its not something that is developed with Machine Learning<\/a> skills can figure that out. And it can be learning how to cooperate better like putting technology to make sure that documents are accessible and messages get across the company. Once he made room for the ideal work, that is not enough, what theyve done, they figured out now that we have our employees working on ideal work, we need a system that is going to take the ideas of doubling up and start or play based, it doesnt matter that the highest level or lowest level and will find a way to bring those ideas to decisionmakers and turn them into reality. There are really three parts of this, mindset, we will transform and we will not wait till the moment, technology, how do we take her execution work, minimize it and make it for ideal work in them for the pipe like how do we get ideas to decisionmakers so we can bring them to life. By doing all three of those things well, the tech giant has been able to lock the tech giant and be able to reinvent themselves. I got it, for shift of the mentality and you have to be willing to constantly reinvent yourself and not get attached to legacy on what got them as you put it, then you have to focus the energy on making sure that you minimize that work by automating it in the Tech Companies<\/a>, what they did which is the technology, they dont just do it within their product, they do further internal cooperation and you mentioned the thing about the pipeline, how do you go from idea to output as quickly as possible and as well as possible. Lets spend a couple minutes diving a bit deeper into the additional points to introduce when it comes to minimizing execution work, your dimension to elements of the one in as much as possible, the second one is making collaboration easier so that people are not blocked from getting their ideas across the finish line, any best practices or any stories you can share with us that can help us accelerate how well were able to do this in our respective organizations. I would say i dont want to make it sound intimidating but it can be minimizing execution work can be as simple as saying how do we make up and look at our process, where do we find ways to strip out execution work and make your process simpler. Amazon they say inventing simple, that is the Leadership Principles<\/a> which is something we find the ways to take the processes that you had and simplify them. That can be manual or technology enabled, by doing it well they have been able to create all these inventions like we talked about at the top. Lets go to a couple of examples, i will go with the highest tech example and then give her fairly low example, hightech example is inside amazons or program and it was initially called project yottabyte people inside amazon. Dead vendors and people who would work with suppliers to stock their products and Fulfillment Centers<\/a>. So if you are interested in you would work with the company and figure out we need this many detergent unions in this many Fulfillment Centers<\/a> at this price at this time and will pay you this much. So this idea project yoda inside amazon instead of having the vendor managers do it, amazon said we would use the force, we cannot Machine Learning<\/a> to this well. The amazon they have data, they can basically tell you in every zip code the people, what they do, what their hobbies are because they order the stuff from amazon. For instance, if you have a zip code that likes north face and in the winter we should probably stop, and the north face and the Fulfillment Center<\/a>. How does amazon get used up in two days or one day, the stuff youre about to buy is early in the Fulfillment Center<\/a> waiting for you before you do it. So i told her able to ship it so quickly because of an idea demographically that we will probably send this many units out. What amazon did, they thought okay this seems to be working, they put the Machine Learning<\/a> and the ended up having the Software Take<\/a> over the bulk of vendor manager activities, now software will send out purchase orders and do the inventory planning and software will be negotiating with the vendors so it used to be that the vendor manager we get on the phone and say we need 35 100 detergents in this Fulfillment Center<\/a>, not only logging onto a Computer Program<\/a> but amazon tells him how many they want. So if this is done in minimize execution inside Amazon Retail<\/a> organization and made room for ideal work, what happens when they take the Machine Learning<\/a> technology and set it free on the vendor managers work. You can do two things, you can fire people, that would be stupid, or you can say now we have what we were aiming for, ideal work and lets see if we can put it to use, others all give a little background until one story. But the background is you look on linkedin, where do these vendor managers go, these product managers and Program Managers<\/a> inside amazon, professional inventors, people who are sheltering a series of projects to life inside the company instead of ordering products, they took them from the execution work and put the mind ideal work and they went to a vast number of different products inside the company, heres a fun story, there is a guy who is ahead of pricing and promotion inside amazon, this is the stuff that the Machine Learning<\/a> did a pretty good job and figured out what is the optimum price and when do we promote them, how do we figure out a way to get them and now the best time. He does this thing where he could goes and works under the Technical Assistant<\/a> which is somebody that shadows him and fits into every meeting that he takes and you get a chance to learn how he thinks and how the company runs and you can see all the different groups in the company and then you get to go do something cool, the first Technical Advisor<\/a> was a guy who now runs amazon web services. So he finished it and he could not go back to pricing and promotion, was taken over by a machine so they said is time to find a new project. He huddles with a group of people from the regional organization. That was not quite good enough that seems like a complex User Experience<\/a> of we could use technology and then do that and let them without checking out first of all i recommend it its pretty neat then you take whatever you want off the shelf. You walk out the news they have stolen all this from amazon and they push the receipt to your phone. So to have these tasks automated that sets the foundation for amazon to be created is a prime example is not quite as much is culture that culture that amazon built had that framework to be invented. I do have a lowtech example any questions before we move on. For me what was a surprise to me that its easy to feel like Machine Learning<\/a> and all the resources these companies have its much harder for us but at the same time its really about having this framework in mind. And then attend of execution work its almost like as a leader of an organization constantly thinking and of course in the context done differently but i do believe keeping this framework in mind can make a transformative differences so the culture enable these things not just something they invented that was highly scientific. Thats right. Dont be too afraid of this technology is an accessible because i do go a little bit some of the examples of companies without the Machine Learning<\/a> talent that amazon has there are ways to automate there is a whole set of companies today to companies that dont have that Machine Learning<\/a> talent and people with very limited technical capabilities and we find a very interesting. Earlier today we said Something Like<\/a> we all have access to armies of robots they are in the Cloud Service<\/a> at one servers so lets go to the next point that you refer to as the pipeline. Once you have that mentality then you have execution to the idea talk about pipeline and actual ideas how do they treated and then to kick off the projects and then that circulates to the decisionmakers that can get caught up quickly and in a Typical Company<\/a> their boss tells their boss until finally it is the decisionmaker turned into action a terrible game of telephone and politics that companies do jack shipped. And then to clarify those ideas is an adulterated we can get back to that i know people have heard a lot in the first time i met Mark Zuckerberg<\/a> to have a traditional briefing when you are reporter going into a ceo briefing the ceo talks 25 minutes and then a pr person in the room monitoring your facial expressions if they like what you see the let you ask a question if not theyll say thank you for coming. Was zuckerberg was the opposite he brought the editor and to talk about the manifesto on the future of facebook as they step into peoples lives there is an example somebody express they want to hurt themselves do they have an obligation so he was struggling the philosophy when facebook has an obligation. So i said i got the document ahead i was ready to get a lecture and asked my question and go home instead he said i really want your feedback. I said i thought that is different is it an interesting sales job or jujitsu trying to make me think he cares . I didnt have an answer a very interesting briefing. Everybody can read the document on the internet and then saying what is up with the zuckerberg feedback . It turns out that is just embedded into the culture posters on the wall in the headquarters feedback is a gift facebook employees take multi day trainings to give and receive feedback and from the book i could sit down in one of those trainings and it was kind of weird and fun i saw a lot was asked to go up and do something in front of the group and said i dont think so because giving feedback is so hard so why are they so intent on doing it . The first i thought they really want to let people know where they stand so a lot of people say i want feedback cultures of people are surprised in the review of they are doing bad i want them to know and not the first time that they are performing poorly on poorly thats most rudimentary form of feedback thats the most basic thing you should be doing in a company i do think netflix is misguided the way they handle feedback. So the purpose of facebook to build the feedback culture is to make any organization feel comfortable to tell them what they think. And the training they say you can give feedback to your boss or your bosses boss or zuckerberg itself himself. How often does that happen . That doesnt mean theyre out to get you they are doing a service and that by building that feedback culture and then to feel free. And then go to zuckerberg himself to cut through that clutter that is typically resistance. And then to build in a system like that. So one quick example people know that they made this to mobile and said no more desktop we are living in a mobile age then show it to me on your phone. Ten people came with the desktop presentation the following year he did this himself and he saw the revolution coming and said i have to make this change is totally not what happened he developed a desktop mentality because on the desktop you can make a bunch of iterations quickly throughout the day and then just refresh the browser and you are good a new website exist with the app developed process to go through these lengthy process of review you may or may not get it approved. So he was dead set on keeping the Desktop Development<\/a> mentality and he built the apps that were wrappers it looked like a nap but really it opened the great the browser that allowed them to get through the approval process it sounds smart but it was terrible but it was moving into the mobile first world with terrible mobile apps is not that he had a eureka moment that one of the people pulled him aside after these q as and said listen i understand what you are attached but is not working and you have to make a change and we have to change the way we develop the product inside the company they would actually scream ios one screen android and ios developers out of the process its a whole new way of hiring so if you dont do this facebook will be in trouble. He listened it wasnt that he had this brilliant idea that he was open to feedback to change the course of the company to have that ability to say start at square one to reinvent and have the pipeline to bring ideas to let me know when its time to do that. He did that well and thats why people use the app today its all because of the culture. Thank you. In summary just to summarize with that mentality minimizing execution maximizing ideal work and then to make sure the pipeline with those practical suggestions you gave us from what amazon does so that everyone can see the unadulterated version and then make it easy for peoples you can have the equivalent of Mark Zuckerberg<\/a> to tell them. Thank you i love the story about mark now i want to focus on your experiences with the tech leaders and the stories are always fascinating to know what these are like behind closed doors with good pr so what were your key observations . What can we learn from that . What distinguishes them and specifically what he learned from that to improve what we do . I will say for the book i spoke with zuckerberg have a pretty good sense of the characteristics so i could do the questions that five at the time and give a very good summary of what they do very well. Is pretty relentless. He is a person that will sit in the meeting and crank out the flaw in your project right away. Hes pretty sharp and he loves to invent. This new lifestyle of his has been a bit of a surprise for people because thats living in day to writing around on a yacht they really never got a sense that he was but the secondincommand said they both get this high off of creating new things feeling like hes creating that bookstore again. The senior gaia google is very softspoken. He will do whatever he can to minimize his presence to make room for everybody else which is not what you imagine of a leader. Zuckerberg. Very interesting guy. The feedback thing is real. A lot of people i have spoken with walt tried to get and sign your mind and then make a decision that tim cook very well liked nice guy to the people that matter inside apple that much less willing to take feedback. It seems from the rest of the company but i think apple has any idea pipeline like the others do people generally like tim cook but there was a story someone in rank and file sought tim cook at headquarters and said good morning and then he said see you he said what do you mean cracks thats like telling me to fuck off. So that was interesting but those employees that was the middle manager to go out and say you are 22 but i will take you out to dinner and pick your brain which is interesting. Even cook to some extent but they are not like traditional leaders to get up on a picnic table and have the companies surround them on the megaphone this is what we are doing go do my vision but they do well because even bezos takes their personalities out of it and takes the thoughts of the people working for them at least internally and thats the key for them. Its not by going out there making big speeches of the tech giant that what do you have to say and what do you think . Thats good. How can we bring them to life . This is a different take on leadership so well see companies in the future to embody this relationship and then to be the source of all ingenuity and inspiration that will go extinct at a certain point sometime soon. So the earlier point that you made how important it is in the knowledge economy to maximize ideas to be execution oriented or the person who beats the drum because in the knowledge economy you have to have super diverse points of view. Are they stuck at middle management . Because of all the politics quick. Its hard. Have you are a leader you tell yourself i have all the good ideas. Soliciting is really difficult. But those that do it well turned into a superpower. So whether the leader has the idea or someone else the ability of the leader to take that idea to bounce off multiple people with all diverse points to make the decision its Like Software<\/a> development to encourage because then people can say what they want to because those in charge need to be willing to listen otherwise people know the solution like cook executing of the usual. So based on your research of what you found any differences between older individuals and two other iconic people like elon musk and steve jobs . What did they have in common with those five people . I thought they would be one of them. Elon musk is a visionary. But not a typical leader of today. He has had a lot of struggle. I think the company would be in much better shape if he would embody some Leadership Qualities<\/a> of the others at the head of space x you are executing elons ideas. This is all him. Everything comes from him. He has a brilliant product but to turn into a Sustainable Company<\/a> it takes more than ideas from just one person and im skeptical he has the ability to do it. Everyone can change. Maybe he will change he has surprised me with what hes done with tesla but imagine how much smoother it would go if he would consult to make room for others. Steve jobs is an interesting anomaly. He could take apple to where it is largely on the basis of his idea. Dont forget he also got fired from apple by being someone like that. There was no guarantee he would come back so i would recommend against being a jerk in the office thats the most common management that you have to go with the operating assumption you are not steve jobs if you do that you have a much better chance at a Successful Company<\/a> but also who knows. And then to survive them. And then to have work there is no real good channels and thats why you see the company struggle they created air pods but what happens if you go beyond the iphone . The reason why siri has struggled like the echo and a Google Assistant<\/a> has done well but it looks as a feature for the iphone. Then went steve jobs died it became clear of the potential to go to a little assistant to a voice Computing Platform<\/a> but apple cannot bring that together and thats cultural. How many divisions inside google come together to build the assistant quick search, mail, maps, music, on and on it works because all the divisions talk to each other but if someones working on different project you dont have to know the code word you cant say it to people so then people give up speaking to other divisions but the Google Assistant<\/a> works pretty well. All the credit to my scan jobs they did good work. They have done good work but i dont think they are the model for the future work in leadership going forward. To bring this together with this continuous theme to say its so easy to think as far as what technology has but the reality the output is 100 percent correlated to the people or their and what they can do and the more that we can emulate that tech giant to minimize the execution work with the ability to give feedback and listen. We have great audience questions try to submit it in the next couple of minutes if you have a question dena asks how do you go from the pipeline to the next step . And also want something is out there to customers what about innovation in the process . So whats next once the idea is out there how do they decide how to continue . Heres the thing. I can describe the tech giant systems all day long they work but Artificial Intelligence<\/a> cant replace is judgment. I think what youve got to do is put the systems in place to make yourself successful and make good decisions so it would be up to the people who have that decisionmaking power. The decision about the cultures,. So how does this play into how thes companies treat their customers . Like the data because thats from the feedback. Yes. Here is an example. Your customers can help you become more inventive. Anyone who works in sales knows you spent almost your entire day comb through the crm to know who to call then its all execution work and then you spend 80 percent of your time to set up meetings then 15 percent of the time then you spend selling. What if we took 2 percent and put ourselves in the customers shoes. So not just what you are using the what is your daily life like at the job . And then often times to find out the products and services they need no one is building so they took the Machine Learning<\/a> team and put on the crm. Instead of combing it and trying to figure out who to call we will tell them what who to call them what to talk about they put that into action now people have much more time to focus on the customer and the Value Proposition<\/a> and hear what they need. So that has people across from the organization talking about products and Services Inside<\/a> the pipeline and the Company Built<\/a> it when it makes sense to do it. You can learn things from your customers. Zuckerberg and bezos say the same thing what drives invention . Bezos says you can have everybody satisfied but youll never satisfy the customers they will always ask what is next thats why amazon pushes to invent. Thank you so much. The next question how best to open the leader is at the idea culture or execution culture . You have to set them down do you like doing your job and want to do it . Because its not just me but the numbers that show how quickly the companys fall from the fortune 500. Fifteen years is not a long tim time. So really its a moment of not having much of a choice where in the world it so easy to use Something Like<\/a> Cloud Computing<\/a> the advantages will not last for very long. So yes just having that conversation and being frank talking about being the idea culture will lead to the success of the company and then say had that you might enjoy this and give them a copy. Thank you. That was great. Is it possible to recover from day to syndrome and go back to day number one mentality . Thats a great question and a great opportunity to talk about microsoft absolutely in a day to situation. With microsoft there was a time they built the dominant desktop operating system everybody thought they would ride this forever. Even microsoft but they never thought there could be a moment where windows unseated what you think of the iphone nobody will buy that. They refused to take themselves out of the day number two mentality our asset will take us everywhere we need to go. By doing that thats why we see microsoft get into the dark ages the Corporate Culture<\/a> crushed any ingenuity from employees it was a dying asset totally unwilling to accept the fact that the desktop operating system isnt important of global computing in the cloud so theres actually two factions inside microsoft the asset milkers that said right into the ground and in those that said listen. We cannot survive if you bet on this operating system lets do next which is interesting thing of what happens is just a company that builds for the cloud you make your flagship product way less important because it can people can compute the they dont need a windows machine they could use the Apple Computer<\/a> for the call book. What the hell are you doing with windows . Thats why there was a lot of resistance inside microsoft to build for the cloud. But the company saw the cloud would take them into the next generation not the operating system in the age of mobile but after steve palmer left they appointed was formally known as a server and tools business and then move them so its funny i was working on the book for nine months and still was not Crystal Clear<\/a> so i sat in the office of the stanford professor former chief economist for microsoft and walked me through the decisions how they were made and the tradeoffs when i walked out of her office i said now this is what the book is what all these companies have done so successful to look toward the future and discard the past those future stagers out for over the asset mongers so the title of the book i do think that by doing that like her soft moved from day number two mentality going down the drain to the day number one mentality now the most valuable company in the world. Thank you for that. Its critical to focus on the future and not be be beholden by the past were almost out of time may be just one more with a one minute response. Did you do any research if the culture is humanized are there any recognition you have explored or is as part of Corporate America<\/a> . Think of the maslow triangle of need the selfactualization because when i was taking my labor studies course selfactualization was invention. I always thought that was weird because i thought it was the guy in his garage how to attach tubes to the helmet and drink beer out of it. But its the most rewarding thing you can do to be actualized. So thats a cool form of recognition. Enabling people. Thank you this is wonderful i want to wrap up with that initiative that and endeavors and also we want to be there for you do you have a final word of wisdom or what you would encourage us to do differently starting tomorrow . Of course i have to pitch the book i would love it if you read the book and give me your feedback. We also have a book club ive done with a couple other people at 5 00 oclock pacific and 8 00 oclock eastern just type in the book club and you can join the last word theres been so many Times Companies<\/a> have been rebounded and been resilient its tough right now but dont be discouraged. It can be done and im excited to hear all the Great Stories<\/a> that come out of your companies how to be resilient and rebound in this moment. I appreciate you all taking the time to listen and you stayed on the call this is trying times but this is what i was hoping for with this experience to talk about all the things that i have learned so thank you for showing up. I appreciate it. We are definitely excited to join you whenever that becomes possible you have definitely given us great tools of any endeavor im excited to support you in your journey. Thank you again. 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