Vladimir putin. This is an hour. [applause] hello. I will get the microphone all set up. Good afternoon welcome to the commonwealth of the california the plays were in the know. You can find a common with abundant internet at Commonwealth Club. Gord. Im probably current Vice President new said ktv d in San Francisco and i will be your moderator for todays program. Now its my pleasure change it is today distinguished speaker garry kasparov. [applause] gary is chairman of Human Rights Foundation former world chess champion and author of the new book deep thinking where Machine Intelligence and send human creative thinking against. Born in the soviet union mr. Mr. Garry kasparov became the under 18 chess champion of the ussr at age 12. Escaped Ethnic Violence as the ussr collapsed and in 2005 in his 20th year mr. Kasparov joined the vanguard from the Pro Democracy Movement made chairman of the Human Rights Foundation and facing imminent arrest in 2013 during the flu putin crackdown and moved to new york city from moscow. His nonprofit promotes the teaching of chess pride into to todays discussion a visiting fellow at the Oxford Martin school i actually had to cut about he is so accomplished also the board of foundation for responsible robots and in 20 years ago the world watched as the greatest chess player in the world was defeated for the first time by the ibm supercomputer. He points out the year before he wanted and says that symbolizes the fight against machine coming to see how they can partner that is the subject of his new book named deep thinking please give me and our guest a warm welcome garry kasparov. Caller before we get into the conversations around ai and it is revolutionizing i will start with russia. Given that extraordinary political moment give us some insight what it is like to be a dissident to have that crackdown on that democratic protest talk to us how that happened. Eight months ago i was here traveling across the country promoting my book everybody wanted to ask me. [laughter] so now i have a new book. So as these are connected to cybersecurity it is about interference. So regarding the situation russia. Looking from moscow so in four days time in russia 211 russian cities they have already expressed their idea to go against corruption and Vladimir Putin. So to be asking all the time. Letting your putin is so popular you can measure the popularity of a politician plus or minus. In putins russia recognize people are asked anonymously. They are a bit uncomfortable. Or to have those vivid memories and it is in jeopardy. And look at the remaining 20 . So what they say about putin. So that so many people are willing to join the rally so to be protected by the police. And people realize the risk but they are still willing to show their dissatisfaction. And to have money it wasnt in 2000 so that if even 80 or 90 were willing to take action the actual level of support it is quite thin. And then i got an invitation. And a weakness on one of the many cases from 2012 there was a crackdown because the friend and colleague and ally. You will not be a witness anymore but because it was apparent at that time and those who marched with me. You wrote the book winter is coming critical of the Obama Administration not taking that threat serious enough. I wish you would have listened more at that time but thanks to trump to show us how fragile our Democratic Institutions are. And also it is a wakeup call. Or that democracy is for granted. And then tried to raise this issue and it is so dismissive and ended the conversation to say wake me up. I heard comments years ago and what was the outcome. And with those november elections and as a crusader but it seemed that putin went straight to wisconsin. But you could see the backlash. He saw the collapse when it was crushed in the elections because 81 voted. Not as impressive as it looked but you remember france. But they believe that. All of them talked about lifting sanctions to bring in out of the cold. But he lost his bet. [laughter] the journalists also had to moscow for her views recently had an oped that said imagine the villains of history as a strategist and mastermind of horror. But retrospectively it makes those events seem predetermined to have that unavoidable perception of historical event caused shocking destruction that there mustve been a correspondingly giant monster. With the catastrophes of the 20h century more frightening to imagine and to say somebody who spent years studying mr. Putin as a journalist who had unscripted conversations with him i can vouch he is in curious man poorly educated he is vastly out of proportion to his understanding of the world to the extent he has any interest in governing it is his role on Russian Television that concerns him and attending a summit or pirating a piloting a plane it is a spectacle of power that interest him. So when i read that it makes me wonder how you compare the persona of President Trump with Vladimir Putin . Speaking of trump as we had a conversation coming on stage. I think we are lucky that it is trump who would expose the weakness of the system there was no plan or strategy and we can do with that because he is flawed and there are so many weaknesses in the administratio administration. I think it will help america it is like the virus attacks. A does weaken the immune system if it doesnt kill you makes you stronger. [laughter] not a deadly virus. But look at the putin. I am not sure i agree entirely but in my former life the worst mistake you could make to underestimate putin. That is a big mistake. She is right he is poorly educated but he has instinct. The man stays in power 18 years and he is a savvy dictator. He knows how to manipulate people. To instinctively learned it is a brandnew world. You can use free speech. In a free environment of democracy to promote your own agenda. And then to be called by a special counsel. But then crania. How dare you . I am a man of peace. But then a few months later maybe there were some russian vacation patriots. How could we let these people fight alone . And then one year later of course it was us. And he was kgb. The acting Prime Minister and foreign mom dash foreign colleagues . And it is amazing and they are still asking him. Did you do that . Of course people think i did that. Not because he read books like us but he had those instincts that no one in history ever attacks a strong dictator. As long as they are strong there will be no surprises. You tweeted yesterday the point of modern propaganda but exhaust Critical Thinking and annihilate truth. So how can our Democratic Society survive this level of chaos . Better late than never. But putin found out they should be aware that this business to create fake news is decidedly russian. And that will not happen with channel one or channel two propaganda machine. So if you show up on the internet and find website that looks decent but to have its own window that while you buy those credentials but then to go beyond russia in his speaking world. And to use that globally. And to be quite successful. Because it can be 100 different ways with the social Media Channels you kim and if you lay Public Opinion to amplify. Somebody will pick it up. But there is only one way. But for instance not just denial that ten different versions. It was the ukraine and a jet fighter now somebody from holland. By the way one day was amazing different channels was reported reduction vesta gators and offer two different versions. With all of the diagrams another talked about a jet fighter or is it at the same time . It doesnt matter. Somebody will buy it. He doesnt have to sell you anything. But they have to convince you to support only political groups with the anarchist or the communist. They can go far left or far right anything is good for him. So he knows how to weapon eyes everything. Because they disturb political balance like Angela Merkel or entrance so with the resources of putin and the web and unprepared for this onslaught. So what is your advice to ordinary men . You have to understand this does exist. Showing to look at putin as the main source of power. Using putin is more dangerous to American Society . Are you kidding . Not today but a couple weeks ago he said bluntly russia is the most dangerous nation because of the resources. Then you have those commanders who came to syria with those strange relations. So when you look at that operation because they all know that they are helping to create chaos. Because as long as you are strong will be challenge. Look for the money. As long as the wife can run the business from geneva. And have access to europe. Big deal. But as long as he makes business then putin doesnt care. So that depends with the willingness to make money. And to get a proper response from the United States and europe and you have a very high price. What do you miss about living in moscow . My mother. She is 80. Outside of russia she has sisters and nephews and nieces. So wife and kids coming backandforth would be ideal. Right now it is a oneway ticke ticket. Turn to deep thinking Artificial Intelligence and to get to the 2015 election with coal mining jobs then rather how do we adapt to this future and you are an optimist that you really think if we combine machine power with human power thinking that is good for the future. Talk about how you frame your thinking around Machine Learning or Artificial Intelligence. One is it was my personal story to be part of this Machine Competition or history of human relations. So it is natural progress. Because there is so much panic based on that. But slow down just look at the problem objectively and to the future for what is the future scenario. If you cannot beat them then join them. So with all forms of manual labor. So from that manufacturing jobs. So with College Degrees or political influence . But in the timeline but more female athletes will take over the machine. This is for us to apply our creativity. So everything we do and we know how we do this and the emphasis is we know how we do. There is so much we are doing without knowing how we are doing the little decisions like the parallel tracks. Machines no but they were not able to make decisions that is the speech in amsterdam ten days ago to come up as something that is a good example. You remember in star wars when they were in the asteroid field to escape from the imperial fleet. And they said the odds were 20 one. But it is an important moment because the machine was right. But the machine could not realize the chances to get there are less because you are caught and killed or worse. So know your odds to make that calculation machines will never give you the right advice to corporate and collaborate and of course it goes beyond extreme situations so it is occupied it is too expensive. So now you have to buy a gift you realize it is impossible to combine them with the decision that is satisfactory to you. Im sure our kids and grandchildren, no. The stupid people are still driving cars . [laughter] now what will happen with no drivers . It will happen. It is happening. It is and we have to make sure we know what we will do. It isnt just about saving jobs. I think it is too slow because it slows down the cycle. At the end of the cycle you have a new cycle. Before any technology created jobs so if you slow down this part you prevented starting a new cycle of Economic Growth and possibly creating new sustainable jobs. Now we have to take care of our people my age or older that is difficult to adjust to look at that income and opportunities because it will happen. And then make it more painful. You are watching Commonwealth Club program. that is why i cannot tell you sadly when it happened. It was probably winter, the late 60 or 69, my parents tried to solve chest puzzle. Sure it is cage. Many people remember the newspapers with little, with a little section at the bottom of the last page with just puzzles. And i was captivated by the game. I did not know how to move pieces but i was immediately, i was lucky. I found it. I learned how to, wanting them the pieces i learned how the pieces, the basic rules. And that was the moment. Request that was the moment. When you talk about your match, the second one that you lost. You say that humans crack under pressure. Machines dont. And at the end of the book you say, humans can dream, sheehan cannot. What is the contradiction . [laughter] just one comment. It is about what the competition. Why does this is now to write machines in any game. I see now that it is, every game will eventually crack. To me, more precise, machine will crunch by winning. It is not about solving game of chess. There moves essay it is more than items in the social stimulus agreed is unlimited. What machine doesnt have to make the first move. And 20,555 most. Its about winning winning means transport humans cannot place it again. We always make mistakes. It is inaccurate machine to capitalize. Thats why this project is too much for humans to spare and salmon golf. Again, its not, it doesnt say that we are dealing with people as intelligent losing to the alarm clock does make it any better. Seriously, it was very successful. Deep blue speed was phenomenal and amazing today. 200 million per second. But when you look at the way this machine made decisions, it could offer you very little if any input in the mysteries of human intelligence. Machines do not need intelligence to play a game of chess. Chess was vulnerable to this once hardware got fast enough and smart enough. Today we have computers by the way that are far more sophisticated and stronger and i am almost surprised people say that the pretest app on your mobile phone here is another audience question . What is your perseverance technique after what you lose a game . Look, i did not lose money. [ so you dont develop a technique . No, it is the, is a good question. First of all, i believe that every game, whether i win or lose is a important piece of information i had to learn from. In one of the books, i spoke about we know that we have to learn from our mistakes and we believe that if we won its because we are great. I know even if i win there were certain mistakes. Have to learn about it and make her the next day i will be armed with new ideas. My opponents lost by mistakes and they will come back with new ideas as well. So it was quite painful. I in the book. Cannot do this and be a sore loser. It is you. If you make a mistake if they find it and but it is just coming back the next day. It is another game. It is the time it is the same story is again that he won because it brings you valuable information. So it is more painful but at the end of the day it is your ability to learn from this and i was angry but i always felt that now have a chance to come back being stronger. Because what i learned from my mother, from my childhood is the game of chess was not just about winning or losing. Of course, it is about winning. [laughter] but the most important thing, it was my chance to make a difference. That is why by the way, i succeeded in moving away from chess to do other things. Because it is about making a difference. I know i can make a difference. There is a point in your book i love. Hard work is talent. Absolutely i am not happy when i hear all the time, this person is talented or this one is less talented but he is a hard worker. It is part of talent work hard is part of a talent and a very important part. I love that. There is a question from the audience. Mostly im using the ones who are doing the print because i left my glasses backstage. I am sorry im having a hard time reading some of them. As you see Artificial Intelligence or do you . Taking part to limited human bias and discrimination . Is a big mistake considering the device as something that is good by definition. Is holding up his phone. My android. It is neither good nor bad. It is agnostic. You can do many great things with this Group Connect with friends, do business. Unfortunately you can do a lot. It is not going to change our life because if it is in the hands of Vladimir Putin or isis it will not work for positive things but it will serve as destruction. I think it is a big mistake trying to shift responsibilities to ai, to machines. It is in our hands we just have to make sure that this too will serve our interests, our community our country, the world, mankind. Because there are always people that will try to use the same technology to destroy. Every technology is like two sides. Nuclear technology you can have Nuclear Power station but it is the same as here. So this is why i warn you not to expect paradise because we reach a new level of technology for development. As we say we have to combine human intelligence, compassion and Human Factors indispensable. Absolutely indispensable. It is not just humans having passion and understanding and machines cannot match it. But it is about purpose. Machines have the best algorithms. Eventually we can have the something phenomenal. The best algorithm in the universe. But they have purpose. One of the reasons because we have purpose but we do not know what it is. [laughter] will never share the secrets with machines. This is another question from the audience. Aside from the test, how will we know when well ai has arrived . It is as if, you cannot, that is what the original idea of the founding father of computer science. Thinking that the moment you will not be able to tell the machine from human by asking. That is Artificial Intelligence. Other founding fathers, they believe that chess is the ultimate test. Deep blue won the match in that we have many