Support first of our authors, second of this wonderful annual event now in its 22nd year. [applause] and third of all the books that would be discussed and enjoyed throughout this beautiful Texas Capitol complex here in downtown austin, if i might pause, i would ask you to silence your cell phones. Live tv, thank you, cspan after our session both authors will be relocated to the book signing tent down the street to autograph their books. Books are for sale courtesy of the great independent bookseller bookpeople. [applause] buy a book. When you buy a book your support not only the author, the festival and a great local indie store but you are also helping the texas book festival as a nonprofit entity, pursuant to its mission of supporting lowincome schools with other visits, but donations via the reading rock Stars Program and to fund grants for libraries throughout the state. Additionally the festival is running a benefit, a book drive benefit this weekend to raise money to rebuild texas libraries that were damaged by hurricane harvey. That Program Works like this, when you go to the Cash Register to check out and purchase your books, simply tell the cashier that you would like to donate an additional 15 to buy a book for a reading rock star student. The tbf and the Tucker Foundation for each match your donation to rebuild a library affected by hurricane harvey. You can see, by one book, kids in texas and the library system, three books in that going to help people. All of this should make it quite clear exactly how your purchase can make a difference, so thank you in advance. As i say the books id will take place down the street after our session. Now to our panel. We have today two very talented narrative historians who have produced vast destiny books shd light on interesting and somewhat unlikely theme, hidden histories of world war ii. We have to my left meredith hindley, a writer industry living in washington, d. C. She found a way to the Nations Capital appertaining university of wyoming and as a student in laramie cheated she studied end history and afterwards entered east to attend American University where she got her phd. Meredith says one of the great things about being a history of world war ii is having a taxdeductible reason to visit london. [laughing] paris, and casablanca. Its true. Shes a Senior Writer any merit at the National Court review of the National Endowment for the humanities. Shes here discuss her first book destination casablanca exile, espionage, and the battle for north africa in world war ii. Just published by public affairs. Foreign policy magazine called it a a compelling prepacked wia casablanca were the cast of characters, history buffs will love the color for stories and grand geopolitical scheming but theres enough action, intrigue and adventure to make the book a perfect beach read. [laughing] which is apt because its about 90 degrees today. [laughing] balmy november austin. [laughing] liza mundy is a bestselling author of three books, the richer sex, michelle, biography, and now code girls the untold story of the american women code breakers of world war ii. She has worked as reported at the Washington Post and is written for the atlantic, politico and other publications. She is a frequent commentator on national television, radio and online news outlets. Code girls has been widely really good national. The boston globe wrote in the end her story is one of women and men bound together by their wish to serve the country working sidebyside as equals, temporary but real. In that picture is more than a marvel of patriotic effort. Its a reminder sidebyside as equals is that we are at our best and how we do our best. So congratulations to you both to the success of your books and welcome to austin. Thank you. Thank you. [applause] thank you for this amazing welcome to texas. Its my first time here. So thank you. Casablanca is not surprisingly thank you. Im going to be honest and say it was inspired by the movie, like all of many of your i saw the movie over a number of years and every time i would watch it i would think wow, i wonder what actually was going on in casablanca during the war. Was near the French Resistance . What was the problems for the refugees . And so the historian in the decided to dig in and take a look around, and the resulting book is destination casablanca. The story turns out to be much more interesting and i think compelling than the movie, although it shares a lot of the same elements. Because casablanca was a port, the refugees found their way to the city during the war and it became one of the possible avenues to leave europe and try to escape the nazis. The fact is the port also met it became logistically important to both the french war effort, te nazi war effort and the allies war effort. The book looks at what happens to the city when the refugees, what happens to the city when d. C. Arrives in the what happens to the city when the americans come. The americans, enforce. In 1939 there were only 100 americans in all of french morocco. In november 1942 when the operation torch which began the 75th anniversary of operation is this coming week, 33,000 americans would write in french morocco and over the next three months another 30,000 would arrive as well. Morocco becomes swamped with americans, and the americans displaced that vichy regime somewhat. The story is about people who may come when people ask me what the story is about i often say that people who make choices. They make choices to try to escape nazi germany. They make choices about whether not to collaborate with vichy. They make choices about whether or not they want to join the war effort or sit on the sidelines. Thank you. Liza . Yes. So while meredith was doing her Great Research in places like london and morocco, i was in a lot of assistedliving facilities here in the United States. [laughing] eating a fair amount of cottage cheese. [laughing] and interviewing women in the early to mid 90s about this incredible secret effort to recruit them to come to washington and become one of a group of more than 10,000 women who are breaking the codes of the german naval codes, the uboats, the Japanese Naval codes, the Japanese Army. They were reading signals all over the world including some that were coming out of north africa. So it was a massive effort to recruit College Educated women secretly. So women at the seventh sister schools were tapped secretly. They were called in to private interviews with math professors and assorted professors. They were asked to questions, do you like crossword puzzles, and are you engaged to be married . [laughing] and a number of them actually lied at the second question and said they were not because whatever they were being invited to do was quite a bit more interesting than waiting around while their fiance was fighting and was risking his life in the war. So the women came to washington. Those women joined the navy and ultimately would be joined by listed women as well, women who would not have the benefit of a College Education again from california, oklahoma, all over the country. If they had the aptitude they were also routed into these giant code breaking compound in washington. Meanwhile the army was recruiting for codebreakers of its own. They hit upon a strategy to send handsome young Army Officers throughout the south and the midwest recruiting schoolteachers because they wanted women who are adept at languages and math and as a woman in the 1940s if you had a great liberal arts degree, prematurely jump you could expect was teaching school. And again marriage was sort of the thing. Theyre kind of the with the women to washington with the expectation of making a a marre to a handsome young officer like the one who was recruiting them. In fact, a lot of these women interested in getting out of hasty engagements that they felt pressured into when the war started. So those women packed up their suitcases and came to washington as well. The reason this story has been untold for so long is because the women were told they would be shot if they talk when they were in washington. It was wartime. The work was top secret. They all have security clearances, and to talk about the work, would be treason. So they were told to tell people that they sharpened pencils, that the emptied waste back its, that there were secretaries. And thats what they did, thats what they continue doing after the war. Because the women people believe the dirt in some ways they would be ideal Intelligence Officer because people believe whatever they were doing it couldnt possibly be important. [laughing] just phenomenal stores stord yet here we are 70 years on and this all reads as very fresh in both of your cases. Can you talk about the journey that captured the story to refine it, starting from the time you are researching the book in archives doing interviews. Its sort of lonely work isnt it . You end up having to perform your life so is the german historians follow but talk about the process and what he did initial. To go underground and search for the store . The initial spark for me was the movie but also inspired by the fact when i was in the archives working on another project i would see glimpses of mentions of refugees in casablanca. Interment camps and morocco. That stayed with me. Of course youre working on a project you cant go after thats sort really amazing shiny thing because you just down task. But when i was looking for a new book i kept remembering that those telegrams and those reports, and so i decided to dig in and see what was going on in casablanca. I use data from the documents as a National Archives here. I also had to go to france to do research in the archives of their because morocco at the time was with, was controlled by the french, was a french protectorate morocco. When france left in 1950, when morocco gained its independence, it took most of the records and wartime era with them to france. So there is none. Theres also some in paris. I also did research at the Holocaust Museum in washington, d. C. Which turned out to be an amazing resource for me because of all the records that it had collected. It collected, it had the records of hell in who ran a casablanca. Shes a great story because she decided she wanted to join the French Resistance. Shes a moroccan jew. She wants to join the French Resistance. She cant but windows vista massive you mention crisis down at the port in the summer of 1940 when 200 ships show up carrying refugees and they cant dock, and then it goes on for weeks and these refugees are living in squalor and their suffering health problems, she decides to step into helping she started her own Refugee Agency. She would run the Refugee Agency route the antiwar and become one of the major resources for jews who arrive in casablanca. Those records are at the Holocaust Museum in d. C. That was an incredible fine for me. You ended up avenue certain Research Tools to compel the release of some secret documents. Can you talk about how you reached that point and then what you did . Right. Amazingly, a lot of the intelligence with the documents from world war ii are still classified, and so i was working with the nsa on trying to get the story out, trying to find living women also if theres any document evidence of the work theyve done. It turned out there was an enormous amount of evidence butt i started by filing freedom of information act request to get oral histories, to get these incredible histories that were written about the wartime code breaking operations by very, very literate people. Once the japanese surrendered and the messages of driedup yet all these really bright people who are still employed by the code breaking operation and they started grinding out great, beautifully written histories and memos and administrative reports that the effort which may also been generating a whole time but they were topsecret classified. The intelligence agencies like the nsa or so flooded by foia request right now that in the end i had to sort of, wooden coat the Nuclear Option but i had to ratchet it up to a mandatory declassification review request and was able to which you procure more than 20 oral histories that have been taken of women over a number of years, and a couple of the volumes of great histories of the code breaking effort unbelievably there still a couple of volumes that he understand that are still classified because the nsa has to talk to other intelligence agencies, all of which came out of these wartime intelligent, the oss or wartime intelligence gathering that are still, so theres the usual sort of washington infighting over whether or not we can yet declassify these records that are 75 years old. And when you got the transcripts, with a black out . Yeah. I mean, at its sort of even more kind of writer than that. Sometimes in the National Archives at college park you can find these histories and use all the redacted sections, but the administrative records that the larger histories to exist so you can actually see whats in the redacted section. Then i was taking pictures on my phone and send them to my contact at the nsa saint sayinn see all these womens names in the footnote and yet there thes this redacted page. Please get this. They did ultimately get that volume. [inaudible] they dont know whats in the National Archives. Maybe you dont want to sell them. No. I pounded on the door. They were very cooperative. They really wanted to get this story out. Female historians and curators and mail this point as well or so helpful. If youre the nsa, like what you want, one more story about and what snowden or a book about wartime . [laughing] i think this is where we really need to give a shout out to the archivist and librarians for this project because without they care to give to the records and historical record, we wouldnt be able to do this work or write this kind of history. Meredith, [applause] lets talk about the movie casablanca assist you or not history as the case may be. Its amazing the movie was released literally weeks if not days after the campaign was actually one. So was this movie propaganda . No. Warner bros. Have been making the movie during 1942. It was already in the can as they say, and then on november 8, 9th and tenth americans woke up to discover that its forces had invaded north africa and one of the primary targets was casablanca which was being taken by Major General george patent. Warner bros. George patton here warner bros. Said hey, we have a film about casablanca, maybe we should rush that out. [laughing] so they did. The movie had its premiere in new york around thanksgiving, then it would go into larger release in, beginning of 1943. One of the Great Stories about the movie is that on new years eve roosevelt watches casablanca the white house. Its part of his new years eve party. Hes watching this movie and is only a handful of people in the white house at the time who would know the less than two weeks later he would be flying across the ocean to go to the casablanca conference in morocco. Which was another great, happened, just happen to be a great sort of piece of publicity for the movie as well. The warner bros. Innocently lucked out. It helps the movie is actually good. [laughing] that helped, too. A office was a huge. Was a huge but steady. Best picture. So your book on when it is more history and your set piece of operation torch is stunning. Filled with action and immediacy and detailed with the book is not just military history. Its a culture portrait as well. Can you talk about some of the cultural figures, the ones that jumped out at me were Josephine Baker and the novelist arthur kessler. Can you talk about their roles in this drama . Ill start with arthur kessler, the author of darkness and new come when the most important books in the 20th century which is a critique of the soviets system. He finished the book and set off to is published in london ten days before the nazis invaded france. He was also a jew and hungarian and had been active in the communist party. Keeping antinazi any new that when the germans, if the germans were in fact, able to roll into paris that he would be in major trouble. So he stayed cephalexin of the refugees did, and ends up through a series of calculations joining the French Foreign legion and changing his name. So it makes it to marseille, hooks up with british pows were also kind escape and the go across to north africa and in seven casablanca. He has no papers at this point proving who he is and hes arthur koestler, the wellknown hungarian journalist who answered the american consul and he tells us her, herbert, the counselor general listens, and he believes him and issues him, koestler, and emergency certificate which allows him to get the lisbon and eventually make it to britain. The French Foreign legion turn it to be kind of an important part of a my book if you want o say what is more surprising things about this book is the French Foreign legion because of influence in north africa and its influence on upper french leadership. Then theres Josephine Baker. Josephine baker, the woman who takes paris by storm in the 1920s and 30s. Shes an amazing performer. She dances, sings and she gets recognition in paris in ways that she could not get in the United States because shes africanamerican. She loves france because of the opportunities that it provided her. When france falls to the germans and vichy arrives, she joined up with the French Resistance. So a celebrity as a spy. You think that might be a problem, except everybody loved to talk to Josephine Baker. [laughing] nazis, spanish officials, french officials, portuguese officials, wherever they would go doors would open and they would tell her things. Baker eventually makes it to north africa and to morocco and she uses morocco as a base to travel to spain and to portugal where she goes to parties, and she would basically write the information that you collected from various officials onto her sheet music using invisible ink and then should bring back to morocco. It quite amazing, quite daring. She couldve been shot as the spy if she had been captured. But then she suffers a Major Health Crisis and she winds up in a clinic in morocco, in casablanca are almost 19 months. And even then she is still spying because her hotel room, sorry, her hospital room becomes a place for everyone to meet, and people, and the talk. It becomes another way to gather intelligence. So this is great cover for status as the cia would call, cover for status being a celebrity, nobody would ever suspect. I love how some of your hair winds as will have uncovered for status. They are working secretly for the Intelligence Services and people would approach and its a what you do and they would giggle and say i just sit in the lab with the officers. What a great cover for status. And assisted people believe them. I love these stories of women who sort of use, there was another woman who was an Intelligence Officer for the americans are the british and she would hobnob with the nazis and say you couldnt possibly have this rocket system, and yes, we do. [laughing] never underestimate a mans ego. [laughing] [applause] so it wasnt all sweetness, was a . These women really were subject to sexist standards of performance and Everything Else like that. Was that why perhaps one of your the book was somewhat infuriating to discover the injustices and how their success was ultimately sort of temporary . Right. It was a variety of, the Army Operation was civilian mostly. The schoolteachers who came to work for the Army Civilian operation were in many cases put in charge even if they were very young. Every 22yearold woman turned out to be really good at breaking the radio addresses that the Japanese Army was using to committed in the pacific, then she would be elevated to direct the unit. The first fema Deputy Director of nsa was such a woman. Genius was recognized and rewarded in that civilian operation or matter how old and no matter what the gender of the person. That was a think a pretty egalitarian, i recently egalitarian obama to work in. The one who working for the navy code breaking operation, thereby to compound which is where the department of Homeland Security is now, they joined the navy so it was interesting to read the records as a navy was trying to cope with having women in the military after the ways were created, for example, there was a rule that women could be pregnant and so there are couple of who were really talented codebreakers, and they got married and they got pregnant, and they would be not quite drummed out that they were thrown out in no short order that it was very traumatic to them to be like one minute theyre breaking the codes that the japanese on those using to communicate on different islands and the next minute they rebooted pregnant way the raincoat they were not supposed to work anymore. That really was infuriating for them. But it is interesting the documents, a lot of the people in the compound had to carry pistols because they would put all the papers and burn bags and if it were not on the compound it would have pistol. You can see the weekly memoranda of the male officers, a few men who were even left in this compound saying so what are the rules, like can the women be taught to shoot . We have pistol range and we need them to be able to, and it didnt really know and so somebody in the meeting would say i hear that this other group some elves are letting the women should so lets let the women should. And so it was just sort of ad hoc being made up as required. Many were born in 1920s. You point out in a book, but you women secured the franchise. Did they see themselves, looking back, the greatest generation, did the women you interview did they see their generation as transformative . I do think of this particular group of women as the Hidden Figures of the greatest generation. Im so glad were in a time when were recognizing and think increasingly willingness to recognize the contributions women made to these major epoxy american history. I have come great catch them. They were born in 1920 when women got got people. The women who went to college which comes at a time when only 4 of american women had a Fouryear College degree. They worked hard to get there. They received a mixed message. They lived through the depression. A lot of them were the oldest daughter in their households and they were very responsible for their households at a time when, i just came to believe that we forget the trauma that these families experienced during the depression but they were so patriotic. They ran to the recruiting station when the waves were critically wanted to serve the country. They wanted to join up the way that the brothers and their boyfriends. I dont know that they saw themselves as transformative. Accept the idea they shouldnt get credit. Excepted it at the time when you told us to talk about what he did after even though there has been could talk about what he did. They just sort of accepted that but by the time i was talking to them i think they did understand that what they done with significant and they did want credit for the denver one of the women interviewed said i just hope i live long enough to see the book published. And she did. [applause] i understand we have ten to 50 minutes left in our session. Do we have a microphone i guess in a Central Africa question and answers. If anybody has questions raised a hand and a volunteer can bring a mic to you, i guess. Or im sorry, you will come to the center aisle with a volunteer in a blue shirt is. If you do have questions please come forward and the authors would love to engage you all in conversation. Meredith, let me ask you, im interested in the way, you focus on north africa as a stage for drama but really in the background is of the crisis of france. Can you talk about what was going on . Imagine your country overrun by nazi storm troopers, here institutions destroyed. A puppet regime set up and a shadow government established across the mediterranean. What did that do for citizens of france . What choices with a face with as the country falls apart around the . Even though france collapses and the vichy, start over. As part of the armistice that of france signs with germany, france was allowed, france, is allowed to keep its colonies in north africa. So it gets to keep algeria, tunisia and morocco. That meant people who were in french morocco have now found themselves governed by vichy and all of its policies, antisemitic policies, its policies against free speech, taking apart the judicial system. All those policies that vichy are no forget exported to french morocco. So the people who french citizens and french people and morocco had to make decisions about whether or not they wanted to continue to work for the government or the one to continue to support vichy. Some of them decided to like the resident general of morocco decides that he wants to keep his position and he collaborates, but he sees it as a way to try and keep the nazis from coming to morocco, that his hope. Other people decide to join the resistance, and they form part of an underground network that is run by and aided by the office of strategic services, and casablanca and other cities in morocco, as a people to make choices. Its like did you resist or do you collaborate . For a lot of people, the choice is actually i am just going to go along and hope that the war is over before i really have to make a decision and i hope that no one comes to french morocco. But within the american show upd they kind make the choice for them. You have a question . Yes. These women started to break the codes before the days of computers. Can you tell us anything about how they would go about breaking those codes . Yes. How much time do you have . [laughing] the code systems were all different. My favorite parts can some of my favorite parts is when youre trying to hide the radio transmitters. Oss people are coding and decoding the messages. All sorts of different systems are being used. Some of them are code groups in which a word like more room would be placed by a four or five digit. Further enciphered with more numbers for the women on this great a similar line that the navy set up would be stripped st the encryption for every trying to determine what the added had been that was added to the cooker. Theyre essentially hacking into a Communications System and theyre doing cybersecurity in the opposite of cybersecurity, which is hacking. They were doing the math necessary to get down to the code groups, and then theyre trying to determine in the message weather might be a code group that meant noon position. Noon position was with the japanese ships would use to announce whether going to be at noon the next day. What better piece of intelligence for an american submarine commander than to know that . A number of the women were doing math to get down to the code group within the using Language Skills to try to determine if the message were an important word might be. That the uboat codes were completely different. Those were being scrambled by machine and they had to use statistical methods. But its his mother was a lot f guessing like i think the word weather might be at this point and then try to figure out how the indignant ms. Shaheen wouldve turned iw into five different letters before any merge at the end. Machine. Jiggling, that was a term come jiggling and math but then there was sort of the early versions of computer menus when youre trying to determine how the machine setting had changed the w to whatever letter they were actually looking at. They were doing early algorithms. I i also love the way in whih intuition plays a a role in how they sort of, i have a hunch this would be the way the code works and they would play through and thats how they would break things. Thats what why it was so ho develop Aptitude Test because you could necessarily be a phd in math. You had to have intuition and persistent and a willingness to guess. Was there any action or collaboration between the u. S. A group and the circle . There was some communication we were an easy partners at first particularly breaking the uboat codes in the atlantic but our convoys, we needed to do that. It wasnt so much the women in the United States committee with the women were communicating with men in alexa. What are the women in my book communicate everyday with a man who should never met. Her codename was pretty weather. Hit coast name was virgin sturgeon. [laughing] she never met him. [laughing] they had a relationship. Could be a movie. So did either of you get to delve into more of these women later history . They were doing these great things during this time. So after the war that they kind of late and relative obscurity . Did their lives compound . How did they mention the fact that they did such a great thing and nobody knew about it . Tell us about and. This 22yearold whiz who broke the japanese can help break the Japanese Army dress codes, she did rise to become the first female Deputy Director. There was a whole cohort of women who stayed on at what would become the nsa. In its army from the time there was a significant number of women who were working during the cold war, working the east german codes, the survey code system, the cuban crisis of which considered to be sort of a backwater until the cuban missile crisis and the code breaking for that was led by women he would started during the war. But a number of them did retire into private life and i think another reason this story became forgot was that by the 80s and the 90s like when the ballot secrecy was lifted the nsa did know where to reach them. Their maiden names were no longer, they can have the same names. Nobody told the that is okay to talk. But there also women in the navy i went to graduate school on the g. I. Bill. So there were women who were able to further their education, become professors and join the workforce. It was an interesting mixed bag. Joe baker would be awarded a number of metals and recognition by the french government for her work and effect it would be some complaints at one point that just been baker thinks she was the French Resistance. [laughing] and she would of course go on to continue her career and she would advocate for civil rights and for helen, she continued her she bertsch retching work after and she would also help moroccan jews immigrate to israel and continue her legal career. The war was probative but also not the only thing that they did. What do you think, or what do some of these women think about the progress that we have and in some cases havent made in equality for women these days . Did you get to talk to any of them about that, about Current Events . Right. I have my own thoughts that we, you know, we continue to debate over whether women belong in the tech sector and whether women are fit for working in silicon valley. Because these histories have been so secret for so long we have forgotten the women pioneered this field. Hoppers name has finally been put on a residential dorm at yale university. She was involved in Computer Program during the works i think were finally recognizing these women. The women themselves i would imagine that a number of Adult Children i talked to said that, you know, they felt their mothers were very frustrated by being out of the workforce after the war. A number of the nsa women if they had children they felt like they had to quit. In the 50s you really were pressured to be home with your baby in the childcare that have been provided during the war for rosie the riveter was withdrawn to a number the women, their Adult Children felt they were in some cases traumatized by their work but also really miss being in the workforce. One adult daughter said to me, my mom really seated feminism in our house just because i i knew she would miss being in the workforce. So again its pretty complicated legacy. This question is for meredith. How accurate is the movie casablanca compared to what you wrote . I like to set casablanca captures the spirit of the casablanca, the city, and what was going on. There wasnt a ricks cafe, sorry. At the time sort of the closest, the closest thing to ricks and all of the sort of collection people who would show up in it wouldve been the waiting room at the u. S. Consulate because of where, its what people with diseases, where you would find it in the confines of housing for or its where you went to get advice on who was a reputable jewelry that could help you sell what you smuggled in your coat. Its also where you would go to get a medical exam, which is part of your visa. The hotel turned american the bar was a proallied bar which is where a lot of allies hung out and were like hotel seltzer was the nazi hangout. Rick wouldve been an extraordinarily rare because of only 100 americans in morocco. Most of them were businessmen, like Singer Sewing machine for the aircraft then some missionaries. And then sam, extraordinary. I only found records of one, for the arrival of the american troops finally found records of one africanamerican in morocco, and he was a night border for the u. S. Consulate. Thank you. Were any japaneseamerican women used as code . Not that i know of. There was some japanese men who are working as translators. For some of the message systems you did need to know japanese picky did need to know someone to translate from japanese to english. A lot of missionaries were used because they were among the few who knew japanese. It was Bethany College in west virginia, was, generate a fair number of missionaries so there were a bunch of women who came from bethany who also some of whom rose high in the nsa. Not that i know of japaneseamerican women. We avail ourselves of native american code talkers, navajo code talkers and we did avail ourselves to the communication skills of some of our more marginalized population groups but i think its recognized we didnt use japaneseamericans the way that we should have, could have. This is for liza. Who was the man or who were the men who were smart enough to recruit these women . [laughing] [applause] thats a great question. In terms of the army, a man named William Friedman who is actually married to a penal code breaker named elizabeth. So he was a man who appreciated intelligent women, was threatened by then, even before the war. William friedman had a tiny clandestine code breaking operation of the u. S. Army. They were an incredibly important japanese code system called purple that was machine that the diplomats were using over all over europe communicating back with tokyo by the intentions of hitler and have access leaders providing for information out of your. It was a woman he hired to it not been able to find work at University Math professor, and he was willing to hire women. He understood, and the federal government in general was a reasonably good equal opportunity from relatively good equal opportunity employer. But he hired this woman who is not been able to find a job as University Math professors use one. Theyve been working that coaches and for almost two years. She saw the relationship between the messages. She had the key insight that enable them to break purple and get a string of Diplomatic Communications out of europe and particularly with the dday landings would best be made. Ill just say with the navy we dont know because theres an interesting document right before pearl harbor. Youre trying to get where they get their communication Intelligence Officers they will need and theres a document and it says new source, womens colleges. Thats when the idea was born to approach the Seven Sisters but theres no name on the record. So thats lost to time. We have 30 seconds left. 15 seconds apiece. Any thoughts on your next project . Meredith, you can have all of that one. [laughing] you dont want to answer that one . Directions, subjects generally . Possibly more intelligence, more world war ii, more drama, and more interesting men and women doing things we dont know about yet. The Hidden History of world war ii. Thank you all for coming. [applause] we will have the book signing now over at the book signing tent. [inaudib