and we were on the last draft of the beach that have been closely held. i took it up to him and you obviously obviously knew this speech inside out. i will never forget this. it was very corny but a experience for me. i gave you the speech and you didn't say anything for a moment moment of any set i just want to push the envelope as far as i can on human rights and women's rights. [applause] i was so struck by that. this is the corny part. i was so glad to be in america and to have a first lady who is going to go into what was kind of the diplomatic minefield at that time and make this assertion. you went on to say after that that women's issues and women's rights are the unfinished business of the world. i'm just wondering where do you think things stand now? >> listen that speech which you worked so hard on an madeline albright was with us and she provided great feedback as we were going to the drafts, was so important to me personally because i thought the united states needed to leave on women's rights and this was the opportunity to do so at this international conference. and it was very important to set forth an agenda. out of the conference despite all of the difficulties 189 countries agreed on what was called the platform for action, the full participation of women and girls. i use that oath as first lady and then a senator and certainly secretary of state to refer to and to engage with leaders and groups, civil societies all over the world to say your nations signed up for this. how far have you come? then when i left the state department i went to work with my husband and my daughter at the clinton foundation and there were a lot of the important programs that my husband had established and chelsea was instrumental in. i wanted to add three more. one of them was what we called the no ceilings full participation project. what we are doing in partnership with the gates foundation and many other partners, the u.n., is gathering all the data that we can find. i was just at the world bank two weeks ago with some important announcements that the bank was making with president jim kim and try to put it all together in one place where we can measure the progress we have made but also makes make clear that gap that still remain. it's been already a very meaningful experience for me because we still have lots of countries with laws that are women from many professions. we still have countries where they don't even record all the girls births because it's just not that important. we have made progress under the millennial development goals on primary education and then we just drop off dramatically with secondary higher education. we are doing a better job of combating maternal mortality but we still have hundreds of thousands of women die every year and on and on. what we want to be a is a centerpiece for a robust discussion in the next year as we approach the 20th anniversary in 2015 about what we have achieved, what has worked in other countries and how much more we have to do. there is a divide. there are countries where law still need to be changed. laws in the books need to be implemented. cultural and religious barriers to women's participation need to be questioned from within, on and on. in the developed world we also want to look at the disparities that still exist between the opportunities for women and girls versus men and boys. a lot of those are what we call internal barriers. my friend cheryl sandberg in her book lean and writes about a lot of the research, the famous research of two resumes exactly the same one is labeled by henry brown and one is by heidi brown and people are much more favorable toward henry and raising questions about heidi. the same information. the same profile. these deep cultural psychological internal barriers that people have about women and girls and the women and girls have about themselves. that's a more difficult area to explore and to measure but you look at political participation in our country and you certainly know we are near half. we don't have half of the appropriations for corporate officers held by women on and on. so i think it's going to be real food for thought for both countries where there is so much work to be done to just in the oppression and the abuse and the dehumanizing of women and other countries like our own where we made so much progress but that we still have so much more we can do, no question. just to go back for second you were talking about melekian what a frustrating leader he was. you have traveled almost a million miles a secretary not to mention as senator and first lady and probably the only foreign leader has been kim jong-un speaking of bad pronunciation. the question i want to ask what i'm going to put it out there and we are going to go to another question because we are almost out of time is when you look into vladimir putin's eyes. [laughter] do you see the soul of a man who cares deeply about his country or the soul of a kgb agent? just asking. [laughter] do you want me to come back to that? >> fascinating. [laughter] [applause] he and i have exchanged a few verbal volleys going back to the last several years. his most recent was to call me weak but then quickly adding weaknesses probably not so bad and a woman. [laughter] yeah me too. at. [laughter] [applause] when i wrote about him what i tried to do is demonstrate obviously that he is a very tough person who embodies a lot of hard choices. but the real sadness and i do say that deliberately is that his view of russia's greatness is rooted in the past, not the future. think about how well-educated and how successful so many russian immigrants are in europe and the united states and elsewhere. one of the cofounders of google. think of what could be happening in russia today if you had leadership that wasn't trying to extend a sphere of influence, dominate central asia, intimidate central and eastern europe, prevent countries like ukraine from making their own decisions, impose a few of greatness that is rooted in the past instead of working to create a modern economy, diversified beyond oil and gas, create more opportunities for people but that's not his goal. his goal is to as much as possible re-create the past. that to me is yet another chapter in the missed opportunities that we have seen time and again suffered by the russian people. i have a couple of stories in my chapter about him. i do talk about why we really did push to get the so-called reset done when medvedev was president and we were successful in the security council sanctions on iran getting a new s.t.a.r.t. treaty to limit nuclear weapons between us and restart inspections and transport important material and troops into afghanistan across russia. but when putin made his announcement he would be president and odd sort of presidential campaign if you stop and think about it. they were both standing there and i think they both had on like black leather jackets. poured medvedev who really did try to expand russia's horizon and went to silicon valley and saw what was possible and putin says i will be president you will be prime minister and then they had parliamentary elections for the presidential election and they were filled with irregularities and i criticized the elections but it wasn't my opinion that counted as much as the tens of thousands of russians who filled the streets. putin attacked me for having caused the protests. when i next saw him i said you know mr. president that's not the way it works. he is a determined, relentless pursuer of his vision of a russia from the past and it is as i said unfortunate. the united states and the west has to make very clear that whatever his vision is a cannot upset the stability and order that was established in europe first after the second world war and then after the collapse of the soviet union and it's going to again take patients but firmness to send that message unequivocally to him so it's a complicated situation and one that we have to watch very closely. >> there are a lot of stories about leaders and semi-really connected in the book and is one of the most fun parts of the book to learn what these people are like as real people and not just as figureheads. we are actually i hate to say it just about out of time so we are going to have one last question and i'm going to take it as an audience question but i just want to sort of ask a little set up to it. that is that you acquired a new title during four years as secretary which was mother of the bride. you are about to acquire another new title, grandmother. [applause] you suffered through some difficult losses including especially if your mother too many of us knew that she worked with you at the end of her life. she was adored by her staff. i was struck by the memorial that you held of the number of chelsea's friends who spoke about her and her staff who spoke about her. everyone she came in contact with and now of course a grandmother to your daughter in chelsea was so close to your mother, to her grandmother. you have a lot to play looking ahead which gets to the last question and it comes from tyler smith via twitter who says what do you want your legacy to be? >> for the state department or my life? >> he just says what you want your legacy to be. >> well i guess one way to think about it might be as we look ahead as a grandmother and you know better than most people the world that this child will be born into. you have to think about your life and caring for your grandchild and you probably have given a little thought caring for our collective. [laughter] so how do you balance all of that. [applause] >> well i don't think about a legacy. i think about my life because i have had quite an unpredictable life and i thought a lot about that when i was writing the book i could never when i was growing up in cambridge illinois have imagined what i have had the great pleasure of experiencing, the challenges and difficulties along with the extraordinary experiences and opportunities and i think that really is at the core of what i care the most about both for my own family my future grandchild but also for our country i want young people particularly to feel as though the future may not be totally clear to you but it looks like it's full of promise for you, that you have the opportunity because you are acquiring an education, because you are willing to work hard, to be given your definition of the american dream. that is how i was raised. my mother who did live with us during the last 10 years of her life was the product of a very abusive neglectful home but all along her much more difficult life of her childhood she would encounter people who showed kindness and who are part of a broader community than just the family is so let her down. so she learned how to user education even though she only graduated from high school. she was incredibly intelligent and kept taking college courses almost into her 80s. she was supported by the community and really nurtured by her belief in what this country meant. she instilled that in my and everyone that she touched. but you had to take responsibility and you had to have a good work ethic but you were part of a community. it wasn't just either the individual or a member of a community. it was be an individuaindividua l within a community and in a larger community of our country. so what i hope is that my grandchild when he or she comes into the world this fall, will have that same view of what america means and why america matters. i had such a perspective from outside for those four years, i saw us once again using our innovation, our energy and our resilience to come back from a terrible economic crisis that is still not fully resolved. but i also saw so much disagreement and argument about what we were doing and what we stood for and what were the right decisions and one particular moment that i read about in the book happened to me when i was in hong kong in july 2011. it was during the first serious effort by some in the congress to default on our debts. i had a pre-existing speech and there were all these asian business leaders there. they stood in line to say to me what's happening in washington? what is going to go on there? is the united states really going to default on its debts and i said oh no of course not. we will figure it out. we will work her our way through the politics of it and i had my fingers crossed behind my back. what i noticed on that first occasion was bewilderment, confusion. how could a great country do this to themselves? this is about paying debts that they are devoted for whether they agreed to or not it was voted for. fast-forward to last fall and we have a government shutdown that prevented the president from going to important meeting in asia where the president of china, president putin of russie united states was absent. and once again talking seriously about defaulting on the debt. i asked my team to give me the news coverage about what people were saying around the world reticular leann asia and not exclusively europe and latin america and it was no longer be wildermuth. it was contempt. it was how can you trust americans? i can even run a government anymore. one chinese official said it's time to de-americanized the world. let's move toward a different reserve currency besides the dollar. those are consequential assessments of us because we cannot be strong abroad we are not strong at home. we cannot continue to try to argue for and implement a rules-based order in the global economy where people have to play by those rules and where there are measures of accountability if they don't if we can't demonstrate that our economy is working for everybody. so the book is about my time as secretary of state that i carry with me all of my life experiences. i'm not ready to stop and think about the legacy because i want to keep thinking about what my life has meant and what my obligations are to my grandchild and everyone else and i'm going to do that through the work of the clinton foundation in other ways. but it is -- [applause] [applause] [cheers and applause] >> i will hasten to add, it is a question in the responsibility for all of us and a hard choice and a very hard choice. it is a very hard choice but i think all of us have some hard choices about what kind of citizens we are going to be, what we are going to ask of our leaders but also we are going to ask of ourselves and what has always made as strong as americans goes back to that incredibly astute observation by de tocqueville when he came to walk around and understand what this country is about and understand with his countries about any look at how we organized herself and how we were democracy and the institutions we were building. he said he came down to the habits of our hearts. i think we have got to ask ourselves what it means today to be an american in the 21st century and what we expect from each other, what we expect from our government and what we expect from our businesses are academic institutions. because i'm more optimistic and confident about what our potential is but i know we have some hard choices to make to try to realize that so thank you. [applause] >> thank you so much. i'm sorry we don't have more time. thank you all very much. [applause] thank you. thank you all. [applause] hello, how are you? hi create thank you. how are you doing? >> good morning, everybody. i would welcome you here for us off by thanking george washington university for hosting the event this morning. and behalf of the center of global interest, my name is mike to sell. i will be very brief so we can get to what turned out to be a fantastic set of speakers. has kicked off a project that we thought up in anticipation of the 2018 world cup in russia. we started with the premise that everything is connected, that sport is not disconnected from history and politics and anything else. if you don't agree with that, it is not up for debate today. you will have to live with it. the program will include andtional panelists publications in collaboration. it is an opportunity to look at the social, economic issues through sport. that is good for two reasons. one, we have all been invited to russia in 2018 effectively. these are rough times for u.s.-russia relations. a rough time for the russian people, increasingly isolated in many respects and an opportunity for something sort of good to happen. the debate over whether russia should host the cup is effectively over. the world cup qualifying draw took place in c petersburg. if you are a -- in saint petersburg. if you are a soccer fan, it is over. howan have a discussion on the cup was awarded and the story behind that, but that train has left the station so to speak. i'm going to now introduces the speakers briefly. we are fortunate. everybody we wanted to come to this and talk agreed to it. so i appreciate you coming. i think you will be happy with it. so mainly to my left, professor marlee leroux, assistant director of the institute for russian and eurasian and dependent studies. -- independent studies. on research focuses nationalism and that works very well for what we are going to do here today. described aswas the title was totally awesome. player, aantastic two-time acc player of the year at uva, which is an honor she shares with mia hamm. she is also a fan favorite. those of you who know her know why. she is also very articulate and an energetic advocate for gender equality in sports. we are happy to have you here. she is respected as an athlete importantly. at the end of the table to professor lisa dealt in writing. she has been a professor here at georgetown from us to quarter of a century. i think it's good. george washington. >> i am a george washington student myself so i am ashamed. she is an expert in mega sports. her research falls along the lines of sports tourism and management must specifically on space affairs -- on spectators, how they interact with the event. finally, we have manuel vest. what is interesting to me is he is doing his dissertation on football in the soviet space. he did a fantastic job putting together a website. i found the website and started reading it and said let me call him and see if we can do this together. he has flown down here from victoria, canada. we are going to work together for the next three years. ultimately, we hope to be spectators together somewhere over there. will moderateuel today? then we will save time for questions and answers towards the end of the session. mauel: thanks. thank you for having us today. i think that this is a really fantastic event to sort of just highlight some of the issues that will be with us for the next three years as russia gears up, not just to host the world cup, but what will prove to be a pivotal year in russia in 2018 seeks ton -- as putin be reelected for another term. myself, i did my dissertation on the transition of football, commented some to capitalism. i looked at the period from 1987 to 214. i would have liked to go further but i couldn't because it is a. history paper. you have to stop at some point. but what it made me realize was that there are many issues going on right now that are very fascinating that do not fit into a phd dissertation. some of these issues you are familiar with and will have seen those issues. having013, we have been conflict in ukraine, which was made. off by the events commentatorsome saying that we are in the state of a cold war, which is a comparison i don't like very much. but what i think is that we can learn a lot from what is going on in football and what is exley going on in russia right now. that,are certain things when you look at the way football is structured, the way football operates, that it reflects things going on elsewhere in society. i give you a few examples. when you're a meeting kicked iden -- when euro mad kicked off, in an economic base, we had the sanctions on russia which affected the ruble last christmas immensely. that ruble crisis had a deep impact on the way football is being played right now in the , as the rublee --shed, players and kosher and coaches and specialists playing in russia all got paid and dollars. as a prism on how the rest of society and the rest of the economy sort of deals with this issue. another thing that has come a very recently is the fact that they russian football union has and hasbio capello replaced them with a russian coach. the way that comes about shows us the way russia deals with the kind of problems that come into the state apparatus to reform there are tough time reforms in the football system. what i really want to say is that football gives us this really unique opportunity to understand some of these issues and gives us a wide audience. when you look at how many football fans there are around thanorld, it is a lot more people who follow daily politics. so what football is for me and what football grad is for me, it is a prism, a window into russia, reallyow the entire region, operates. isunderstand a region that widely misunderstood. thank you. to --hat, i give you over lisa: thank you. toave had five opportunities visit russia serving in 1988 so i have seen quite a bit of change over those years. my last experience was in sochi during the winter olympic games. 17 consecutive olympic games, sochi ranks very high. it was extremely well-organized. it was a beautiful city. the people were great. the volunteers were super. and despite what everybody may press,ad in the mac and -- in the american press, i think the games went off fine. i'm not talking about the politics behind it and the money spent. i am just saying about the games itself. and i think they are going to do a great job as well with the world cup because they know how to organize. a crisis leading up to situation, but during the games, during the tournament, it will be fine. theard the same thing about 1980 games, that they were one of the best. i was not at those. but i just wanted to put that all into perspective. financials, that is another situation. andave heard the reports actually some of my contacts who work for the organizing committee did confirm that, of that $50 billion a year that was thrown out for the winter olympic games, about half of that was probably not really spent on the venues. but you also have to put into perspective into that $25 billion that was officially spent. that was to build a city. that wasn't for the lipid games. so -- that was a for the olympic games. so about $5 billion of the $25 billion -- i am just going to say that is the real figure -- was on organizing the games. the rest was to build of the train system, the hotels, the rose, everything else. i am using the winter olympic games to get perspective. because when we go to the world cup and the figures right now are about $12 billion. they cut half $1 billion out recently because of the financial situation. but you can't blame all of that money on the world cup. a lot of it has to do with the national government that decided to build 12 stadiums versus the minimum of eight stadiums. fifa has a minimum of eight stadiums. most countries, once they get the world cup can't figure out who to leave out. they want to please the whole country. ok,nstead of just saying, we are going to go with the ones that we already have and build ,hree extras, they have decided well, we can't leave that one out because that is politically important. and that when we need for this reason. so they chose to spend all this additional money on stadiums. build the after you stadiums, you have to have all the effort structure as well. because the sponsors and the officials all need nice hotels to stay in in these areas where the stadiums are. and the spectators. so in some of these instances, i have never been to many of these cities that these stadiums are going to be built. but i can imagine that they don't have all the tourist we do have in as moscow and st. petersburg. so that is where this extra money goes to. putting on the tournament itself is about between $600 million and a billion dollars. just the local organizing committee. and that money is actually paid by fifa money. other $11 billion that goes into the infrastructure. and half of that is being paid by the federal government of russia. now, in russia, it is a little bit different because the other half comes from sponsors and other private citizens. but from what i learned in sochi, many of those private companies that sponsor were actually government-backed. get a little bit -- unlike in the united states or germany or others, where you have true commercial entities, i find that many of these private companies have some government support in the back. is, what iat happens again learned, and correct me if i'm wrong here, is that many of those hotels were built in sochi and maybe this will happen for world cup. maybe of those hotels were built based on loans guaranteed by the federal government. so if they default on those loans, because those hotels are not being filled up and they are not making revenue, who is really paying that? it's the federal government. so although it is a privately , ited hotel they are saying ultimately may end up as a banked hotel or venue. so just kind of try to understand. i can give you the figures that i have gathered. but, you know, how much is really private versus federally supported and federally backed is a different situation. these hard figures here, i also want to bring up that there is a lot of intangible benefits that are rarely discussed. the russian citizens, there are 50,000 volunteers that participated in the so chill a bit games. part of my said -- part of my research is to view spectators as volunteers. a lot of volunteers that i spoke to, and these are in bars and other random places, so i do not think they were politically motivated statements that these volunteers were making. they said it was one of their best experiences of their lives. what they did was brought young russians from across russia, not just in the sochi region. and they trained them and brought them in. so volunteering is a new kind of activity that hasn't been introduced in the society before. i think it was a great opportunity. it is hard to put a price tag on it. so like the mastercard, it's priceless. i want everybody to consider certain intangibles, also the education they received. so service quality, most people, from what i understand, they haven't had their chance to really understand quality service. olympicrough an experience or world cup, they get a letter training on service. also on media and commercialism. i think these are rather intangibles. lisa: -- manuel: thank you, lisa. i want to handover the -- ussion to marlene: thank you. i want to discuss the political situation. is really a different way for russia to position itself. domestically, things have been changing a lot. they bid was made also between eventore the anti-putin before 2013. what seems to me very interesting is, if we look at the international aspect of that, during the last 10 years, russia has been really successful and promoting kind of russia -- this one will be the first time where russia has to display self power after the ukrainian crisis. we will see how it works or how it doesn't work. of uncharted territory where they will be going. probably at that time, they couldn't even imagine the situation would be like that five years after they made the bid. they will probably have to face -- notukrainian situation is resolved. there will have to be discussions going on. they will also have to manage street violence, something relatively usually in russia. russian law enforcement is good in managing this situation. an aspect that will be given that publicity for the way russia handles this kind of tension. it will be interesting to see does this- how russia in such an intense political context. and in the years to come how russia manages this incredible opportunity to promote itself abroad. all these kind of megaprojects are really putin projects. you really have a highly centralized dynamic going on for all these big megaprojects. it is really centralized around putin and all his associates to make sure all the processes are going well. the second point i want to make, domestically, russia changed a lot also. it will be the year of putin reelection. there will be an intense political atmosphere in russia. managing election is something very important for the political legitimacy. it has to be successful. you cannot show and display the success or the popularity of the leader. that will also be a moment where putin will also have to be sure all the oligarchs are well around him and to be sure that works. and a couple of all our debts oligarchs are personally involved in managing and financing some element of the world cup. that may be some moment where we will see some tension. so all these elements will be the political weight important. critically will be a element for the russian authorities is to make sure that they will not give out a public being ae of the cup useless and crazy spending at a time of economic crisis. it is becoming more difficult. came at a time when the crisis was not indivisible. and the difference is that sochi was centralized. it was a huge project for the region. it was highly centralized. it is more difficult to manage this kind of narrative, the public spending made for the world cup useless or useful for the population because we have the economic crisis now and the russian authorities themselves don't know how it will be next year and the year after. --you just kind of slow down if it is a structural economic crisis, it will be difficult to manage the political impact. it's not in one place. it is in several cities. they makes that centralized mechanism to help control the way the money is spent more difficult to do because it will be decentralized in many cities. for thell be important russian authorities to be sure you don't have a huge scandal issues, but also to be sure that there is not a big scandal of corruption in some of the cities that are receiving this stuff or that you have a big -- all the selected cities will get their own stadium. but they will have hotels, roads and improvements, railways. not all of them will get the world package. so you will have to manage a local discontent. all these elements make up the political aspects of the preparation of the cup very sensitive. just to conclude, i think what is really important is russia managing its image abroad, -- and avoiding scandal at a time of economic crisis and also being sure that russia is able to avoid showing publicly economic deficiencies or administrative disruption elegies that will suddenly -- administrative dysfunctionality that will suddenly come up and lose credibility and visibility. so i will stop here. loril: we will go on with and some of the social issues of the world cup. lisa: it is a pleasure to be here. thank you. i am not a next for it on russia at all so i don't know if i have much to say. but i do know, within the leading environment, we can often feel as if you are in a bubble. whether it is leading up to a competition or if you are in the competition,, whether it is the only bexar the world cup, so to speak. my positionome in as an athlete, it is always important to maintain the awareness of what was going on outside of the athletic environment. today, as we get into some of the questions on stuff, i will be able to give some insight on what it is like for an athlete. socially, whether it is racism or most specifically to me the whileissues, participating in a world event like the world cup. so thank you. manuel: grade. we will continue with the moderated question-and-answer session. i am going to start with you, lisa. what can you tell us about the negotiation process with regard to agreements with infrastructure requirements, taurus travels, risen, etc., just your past expenses. lisa: as a mentioned before, it was up to -- they had a minimum eight stadiums. 30,000 is the minimum number of seats in a stadium. with those minimums, it was up to the local organizing committee, the loc, to determine how many stadiums they wanted to build and having they were. not much negotiations there. they set minimums and russia to go a little bit above those minimums. and terms of the requirements, there is a certain number of hotel rooms that the organizing committee has to secure for a minimum amount of money. most were those, already secure before they bid. they had promised, ok, these hotels will be for fifa and this is the price that they are going to be at. and there is an escalation clause over the years. so all of these points are already well laid out in the host contract. there is not so much negotiation. in terms of the spectators, fifa x numberl, we'd like of hotels, but they don't really care about spectators. this is really a tv-made event. a billion -- i forget the numbers -- 10 billion come i think, people watch the world cup. and only 200,000 show up to it. so really, spectators, good luck. and that is what really got me involved in doing research on spectators. why do they come? how long do they stay? where are they staying? how much are they spending? i have some students in the room here who have actually gone with me on some of my trips and have been out there bank collecting data on these spectators. whether it is home stays or in hostels. most of the spectators that are not on corporate packages kind of go on the backpack style.