Iran nuclear deal. President obama held a press conference to answer questions about the idea and rejected to idea it leaves tehran on the brink of the bomb and argued the other opportunity is war. He addressed israels concerns after Benjamin Netanyahu called it a mistake. Here are a couple minutes of the remarks israel has legitimate concerns about its security relative to iran. You have a large country with a significant military concerns are missiles pointed toward tel aviv. So i think they are very good reasons why israelis are nervous about irans position in the world generally. I said this to the Prime Minister and directly to the israeli people. I also said they are compounded if iran gets a Nuclear Weapon. For the objections or for the Republican Leadership that is already spoken none of them have presented to me or the American People a better alternative. I am hearing talk of this is a historically bad deal and threaten israeli and the world and threaten the united states. I mean there has been a lot of that. What i havent heard is what is your preferred alternative. If 99 of the World Community and the majority of Nuclear Experts look at this and say this will prevent iran from getting a nuclear bomb. And you are arguing this is temporary or because they get a wind fall of their accounts causing more problems then you should have some alternative to present. I have not heard that. And the reason is because there are only two alternatives here. The issue of iran obtaining a Nuclear Weapon is optained diplomatically through negotiation negotiations or through force war. Those are the options. You can see the coverage of the iran deal tonight or any time including all of the president s remarks of the British Foreign secretary weighing in and a discussion on the capability of the International Atomic agency to monitor whether iran sticks to the agreement. Chris skewerttewart, will talk about the role in renewing the Nuclear Agreement with iran and we will talk about the update on the no child left behind edgeucation law. Washington journal beginning live at 7 a. M. Eastern time. Nasa scientist and Researchers Show off the latest and most detailed photographs of the dwarf planet pluto from new horizons that passed by on tuesday. We will see detailed photographs of pluto and its moon over the next hour. Good afternoon, welcome to the John Hopkins University i am here from the office of communication. To set the stage for todays press conference please welcome to the podium associate administrator and science and director from washington, d. C. Dr. John grunsfeld. [applause] welcome, everyone. It is full auditorium here at the lab. I was worried no one would show up. Actually, i wasnt worried at all. Anybody get sleep last night . I am not hearing too many affirmations of a good night sleep. The team was probably excited about the data pass this morning as was i. I would like to take you on a discussion and i will not say a lot. The first image i would like to bring up was taken two hours ago by the Solar Dynamics observe tory. I think you know where we are going. Mercury, venus from there, if anyone doesnt recognize the next planet please leave the auditorium and we will escourt you to area 51. The red planet mars i had to get a hubble image in there somewhere. I realize i missed one. Jupiter which some of the moons and shadows. To saturn. What a wonderful mission chatty this is just striking. Neptune. And for a grand finale i turn it over to alan stern, the Principle Investigator of the pluto new horizons mission. [applause] before we turn it over to alan, i have a few words to say. Yesterday, americas Space Program took another historic leap for human kind. Today, the new Horizons Team is bringing what was previously a blurred point of light into focus. We have presentations from our panel. We will open up with questions with media here on social media, and we will go to the phone lines. You can join the conversation on social media, twitter, and facebook and if you have questions on social media send them to asknasa. The images and information you will hear today of course for more days and weeks will be online at nasa. Gov newhorizon. Allylan stern needs no introduction so i will go to the project scientist from the John Hopkins UniversityPhysic Laboratory followed by the coinvestigator in flag staff, arizona, and followed by kathy deputy project scientist from the southwest research institute. And john spencer, another new horizons coinvestigator from the southwest research institute. And with that, alan it is all yours. Thanks i had a good day yesterday. How about you . [applause] new horizontal is now more than a million miles on the other side of pluto that is how fast we are moving. Having the closest approach yesterday morning. The spacecraft is in good health communicating with the earth again for a number of hours this morning beginning about 5 50. We got data from the five scientific instruments already and we will report on some of those results but we are just skimming the top of it. There is a lot in just the things we will talk to you about. We have big news. From the first resolve image of plutos outer most moon the discovery that chiron has been active. Go ahead. [applause] and there are mountains in the belt. This system is amazing. All of your news today relates to the surfaces of pluto and its satellite. We will talk more about the surfaces in the precedent on friday down at nasa Head Quarters but we will bring in atmosphere results as well. I got a great data set to the ground from it solar operation in which we are learning things about plutos atmosphere so stay tuned for friday on that. With that, i am going to turn it over to our project scientist and howl will give you some hydrotherapy. Thank you, very much. This is going to be awesome images you will see in a new minutes. Pluto has four small moons as well we want to collect data on. Starting from closest to pluto and going out is sticks nicks and two others. This morning we got the first really well resolved images of one of them. This is shown scale two miles per pixel. This is about the same number of pixels that we had across pluto in midjune. We are acstatic about this. Prior to the new horizons revealing here we were totally uncertain about how big this moon was. It could have been 20 miles across to almost a 100 miles across. New horizons has made it easy. This counts the number of pixels across. 28 by 19 miles and it is not a planet. 30 larger in one dimension than the other. Variations in the brightness of the surface you can see. This shows what we did here was actually subsampling the image so it is four time subsampled to take away the pixilated look. As well as contour showing the brightness and changes. They took cuts across the measure the approximate places where you have the longest dimension in the green and shortest dimension in the yellow. The surface is surprisingly large. 45 reflectivety. So about 45 of the sun light is reflected way. And that can only mean that the moons surface is probably composed primarily of water ice. That is the only way to get it that bright. And that is cool. It is intermediate between chiron and pluto. A nice thing we have coming up is more observations of the moon with an entire resolution about two or three better and we are looking forward to those. But it is great. We have already seen it revealed and it looks interesting. Thank you. Very nice. [applause] will grundy leads the Composition Team and he is going to report results they have obtained. Okay. So the ralph instrument is the one we rely on for surface composition. It is composed of a color camera and infra red camera called lisa. We dont get any data from either of those instruments yet. This is data coming in the safely data sets overnight from the 12th13th. This is a base map. You can see the heart region is rotating on. This was a little while ago. This is an overlay of lisa data. So what i did was each of those large pixels about 150 kilo kilometers is an infra red pixel. These colors are just three in infra red wave lengths. We could make a variety of color maps to pull out specific compositional information. This familiar one is focused on methane. I put a band into the the blue color channel, a continuing region in the green channel, and a much stronger methane band in the red channel. And i am showing at lower resolution than the color yesterday the diversity of terrain. What i will do now is pick out a couple specific regions although you can see there are many different regions here. These two regions of interest one is 3 by 3 pixel box and another is in a dark region. I can focused on the polar cap and the other the time region. You can see the spectrums are different. They both have methane. But the overall shape of the spectrum is very different. We can really extend modeling here and thinking about what they tell us. There is a lot of information. We only have a small subset of the lengths at this point because we dont have the bandwidth to get more down. This is provided a lot of information on the different regions and how they work. Thank you, will. [applause] yesterday we showed you a Beautiful Image of pluto made just before the closest approach and sent to the ground. Today we will show an image of similar resolution on the big satellite and deputy science project manager is going to discuss those results. I thought chiron might be a terrain covered in craters. Many people thought that might be the case. Chiron blew our socks off today. If you can pull it up so we can take a look [applause] we have been thrilled all morning. The team has been a buzz. Look at this or that. That is amazing. I will walk you through the things we see in the image and tell you what you what we are thinking about. I will start in the north and work down. You saw the darkish area at the north pole. That is called mordore and that is the darkest area near the pole. You can see this is a natural color image. The red color extends beyond the deepest part of the polar region. We think the dark coloring could be a vieneer. You can see the location at the north pole where a crater has perhaps dug into that region and excavated underneath it. So you can see those brighter regions that may be craters. You can say that area is polygon shape as well. Going from the northeast to the southwest is a series of troughs. And that is striking and amazing to see this image. They extend about 600 miles across the planet. This is a huge area and it could be due internal processing and we will look at that in more detail. Just below the region the line you see cutting across from the northeast to the southwest, more eastwest than north south, is a region where it is relatively smooth and less craters. Two teachers near the top at the two oclock position you can see a canyon. You can see a notch where you are looking through to visit space on the other side. That is about four to six miles deep. I find it fascinating. It is a small world with deep can canyons, troughs, cliffs and dark regions that are myster hazardous hazardousmysteracrobatics i mysterios to us. There is no much interest science in this one image alone. We have higher resolution image we will get that will not cover the whole chiron but cut across the northern part it will get the dark area and it will be about the factor of better resolution. As we have been saying pluto did not disappoint. I can add that karen did not disappoint either. Thank you. [applause] well, yesterday when we showed that Beautiful Image of pluto, we noted we would have imagery with ten times the resolution on the ground by today. In fact john is going to tell us about the first frame on the ground already. We have a bunch of High Resolution pictures on board the spacecraft. This is just one small part of one of those observations. This is amazing image. But we are now focused on small details on this amazing world. Before i go tonight, i should say that we have an informal name for the heart. The heart is a good name but we want to honor and discover those in pollute and we are calling it reggio. [applause] if i can have the slide back. We will focus near the bottom of the image near the day night line where we have shading that shows the relief in sharp focus. We will focus on the narrative to the left of the bottom of the frame. If we can run the movie now. Zoom in on this area. [applause] that was our reaction too. So the whole of this is regions around it covering a variety of terrains, and this is the first thing that caught our tension. This area from the scale bar is about 150 miles across. We have seen features as small as half a mile. You can see the apl campus on this image. The most stunning things well there are many, but the most striking geologically is we have not found an impact crater. This means it is very young because pluto has been bombarded by others. We are eyeballing it thinking it is less than a hundred million years old which is a small fraction of the four and a half billion year age of the solar system. With no craters, you cannot guess how old it might be. These are spectacular here. They are up to 11,000 feet high. There may be higher ones elsewhere. We know the surface of pluto is covered in nitrogen and ice. You cannot make mountains from that. So we are seeing the bed rock or the bed ice of pluto. We are seeing the icy crust of waterized, Strong Enough for pluto temperatures to hold big mountains and that is what we think we are seeing here. The nitrogen and methane are coat coating on top and we are seeing that here. We see features on the moons and this decimation of the gravity here is interaction with other moons. This is telling us you dont need this to power ongoing recent activity on the icy world. It is an important discovery we made this morning. [applause] i know this is just the first of many amazing lessons we get from pluto and there is going to be more on friday. We will have more of this mosaic to show you on friday that will show equally amossazing things. I will followup on the same image so we can leave it up here to enjoy and i will tell you a couple other implications we reached. To expand on what john said we have an isolated small planet that is showing activity after four and a half billion years. We thought this might be the case after voyager two discovered orbiting neptune has no impact craters. But we were not sure for the reason john said. It is only now that tidal energy could have powered activity due to making into could have been towering the activity. This cant be the case and we settled the fact these planets can be active after a long time. It will send people back to the drawing board to understand how to do that. There is another implication and sometimes things work out in science, a couple months ago in may, kelsey singer who is a postdoc on the project and myself submitted a column to the science journal making predictions. The steep topagraphy means the mountains must be made of water ice. Even before the team says they found places where the nitrogen veneer has been scraped off and we see ice on pluto we can be sure water is there in great abundance and it is was predicted by models but it is nice to see it driven home. The other thing it means is the volatiles have just a frosting and a veneer on the surface. The sticky point in this is plutos atmosphere is being lost to space at a rate of 1027th molecule per second and over the age of the solar system that corresponds to the loss of an equivalent lnt layer of 3 kilo meters of oxygen. If we only see veneer and we know what is going on what kelsey and i predicted in that paper, is if we saw steep to topogography it must be driven up through geysers or another process that is active. We have not found geysers and we have not found volcanos but this is strong evidence that will send us looking as we get more data to look for evidence of these phenomenal events. That paper submitted in may was accepted today interestingly enough. How is that . [applause] the results telling you now because she is watching. That summarizes the primary things we want to tell you about the data that landed this morning. Each of these images and data sets have a lot more to tell us about plutos history and about small planets and how they are formed and evolved. I want to make one more comment about tom roggio. We could see the heart many miles out and resolving the planet a little better than hubble can do from three billion miles away. Because this is the brightest and most prominent feature on the planet that is why we want to informally call it tombaugh reggio. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, before we take questions from the media here and on the phone lines of social media, i want to take a moment to say it has been a remarkable week. It has been magical as we transition from the John Hopkins University applied Physic Laboratory to nasa Head Quarters for press conferences the world has been watching. Dr. John grunsfeld, five time astronaut and repair man and head of the directory of more than almost a hundred missions he is a household name and household nationally and internationally. Alan stern, yes you are, on the new Horizons Team and the john hopkins applied Physic Laboratory household name show the world how much you appreciate that and what they have done this week with the nice and loudest you can round of applause for their accomplishments. [applause] [applause] okay. Lets get to the questions. If you can raise your hand high we have a full house. I want to get as many as you can clearly. Lets start here. And wait for the mike and give your name affiliation. Ilene thanks. My first question is for kathy does the realization that sharon is active have implications for the origin theory of being splat off others . I dont know yet. So off the top of my head the first thing is that i was thinking we would see like craters and that would tell us something about how long ago it cratered. The fact we dont so the craters