She is patricks daughter and tremendous supporter of our organization and this initiative from the beginning. I would like to thank sage publications. Sage in the publishing world is present eminent Publishing House and publish the title we run out of my organization. And they are the principal cosponsor of this lecture, having given just generous funding. So thank you to them. And thank you to the willard staff and to my staff at the American Academy. They have been terrific in getting all this started. We are going to have a brief time for question and answer after ambassador talk. It is going to be brief. There will only have time for several questions. And i would ask you to keep your questions to the point, do your level best not to make mini lecture of your own or position statements. Please wait for a microphone to come to you. We are very pleased to know that cspan is covering this today and we have our inhouse tech staff so wait to be able to be heard before you speak. I welcome ken pruitt to the stage. Ken is the carnegie professor of Public Affairs at Columbia University and political scientist and former director of the United States crens us. More of the point to todays proceedings he has been a past president or director of most every organization that has been influential in this country to improve the social sciences and advance their interests on the National Stage and he is currently the president of the American Academy of american political and social science. So ken, if you please. [applause] thanks. And welcome. And i will say just a few words about the academy itself. 130e years old. And founded by people of the earliest generation of the modern social scientists which didnt come along until the 1880s and the earliest were trained in germany. It was to train them but they did come in and helped our Research Universities get established for the social sciences. They were compared to the humanities and the natural scientists. They were immature as scientists. And the idea that they should have their own academy was an idea that came out of the university of pennsylvania and launched it. And launched it with the journal. And so it became the earliest journal in the social sciences that have the responsibility that tom just mentioned of doing more than just reporting our research and research in such a way that it would make a difference. And it has been very successful since. We dont make a lot of noise about ourselves except about 12 years ago, the idea was why dont we do one thing a year publicly. We elect fellows. And that became the moynihan award. And everyone knows this was an unusual man. I have a quote that someone asked me to read so im going to do it. The nations best their among politicians and best politician among thirst. And thats true. He went back and forth without any hesitancy. Always carried his deep commitment to social sciences and getting the story right. And as i say, we started about 12 years ago with this award and the event. And alice was our first awardey. She has passed away this last year. And so we do recognize that and she was a great i think i saw becky blank walk in, who is also a moynihan award ee. Did i miss anyone who is here today . Orry, ron. My immediate task is to get somebody else up here who can speak more whats the right ord eloquently than i can about our speaker, about ambassador susan power. I would say the 12th year of doing this and for about half of those years we were looking for somebody out of the International World and wanted to recognize ambassadorships to the u. N. Competition is very strong for these events. And we never came up with somebody who was in the International Sector who we felt was senior enough and so forth to merit the award. And so you have done us a big favor, because i have been under lots of pressure from that contingent. She wille world but be introduced by margaret. You wont recognize her to have physics degree and law agree from georgetown. And Columbia University. That is just an accident not extremely e she is active in a number of initiatives that Columbia University is engaged in and so forth. A word or two about her own she is out of the National Security system under obama and make sure i get it right. Deputy director of the c. I. A. Was a real player and modest person and wouldnt know that was true of her. She was a major player in the last goaround and remains very active. So would you please take over. [applause] thank you so much. Honestly, im incredibly grateful for the opportunity to briefly introduce samantha this afternoon for her lecture as the winner of the Daniel Patrick moynihan prize. Its an opportunity to have sam in a ballroom full of people to hear what i think because she would never stand for the smoke im about to blow. In large part because i really believe this prize suits her. There are the obvious parallels between moynihan and samantha. They both have irish roots and she was born in ireland and is a proud immigrant and they are both authors. Sam, i have to say she won a pull itser prize for her book in her 20s after spending as a war reporter in the balkans. And they were both harvard professors and still is and is u. S. Ambassador to united nations. And like moynihan, samantha is an ideas person and someone who is intell electly insasheable and believes that the biggest problems causing human suffering in the world today can and should be solved and they are both char as matic as people. But that wasnt as when i thought she was well suited for this particular prize and for giving this lecture. Samantha ex emapply fisa leader of informed judgment to advance the public good and someone who consistently thought as i know ken has and to further communication between the academy and the policy world, between scientific thought and practical thought. And i have no doubt that you will see that today in her lecture. The importance she placed on evidencebased policy making and value of social science and Academic Research and rigor was obvious in her approach to Decision Making and a memorandum she wrote for the president and interventions and meetings and who she selected to have on her staff when she was in the united nations. She is an intellectual who real issues doing so no matter how ard the truthsr no complex those delems are but combines that drive with an equally if not powerful drive to be effective and produce impact. And in my experience that is a rare combination. The first time i met sam, she isnt going to remember this, she was chairing a meeting in the white house in the white house and i was a lawyer at the time of the state department and the scene was quite striking. Here was this incredibly tall, redheaded woman who was a well known human rights advocating chairing a discussion in arms control in a room full of male military officers. And people made a number of assumptions about her how she would run the meeting were not the impression they left with that day. She had done her homework, as she always did, but she made clear she wasnt here to advocate for the treaty even though her position was clear. She studied the report and what she had were penetrating questions that made clear she was listening and wanted to understand what they thought about this but wasnt going to accept peoples view on faith. She wanted to be sure that the discussion surrounding it would be rigorous and moreover, she knew and assumed that everyone had noble intentions and trying to achieve the objectives that were critically important to the National Security of the United States. She was focused on the means for achieving those objectives and the human consequences and forcing an examination of those issues in anyone in that room had done in that issue. As a colleague, you cant help to see she is fierce, brilliant and selfreflective, sometimes to a fault, she is occasionally stubborn but kind, generous and tough as nails when it comes to protecting people and a better society. Something that makes her suited to be a leader today and having a dialogue is the focus of consequences of governmental action. If you read her book, you will see this reflected in spades. She is constantly asking herself as ambassador to the u. N. Whether and how we are effectively integrating concern for human consequences into our thought processes and interNational Security. And this may sound obvious, for someone who is working for years, i can tell you its not. Even if you recognize it as being critically important, its ot easy to do when you the traditional lenses that ignore the statetostate interactions and the human beings they touch. And i think in part, it makes it easier to sit in the sit room and make these hard decisions to do that but also true its challenging to find ways on the time lines ta you are making decisions and in the institutional structures that we have to actually tap into outside sources that give you a sense of what those human consequences in the moment that are so critical. Yet, today, giving the increasing interconnected world where nonstate actors if powerful if not more powerful than states, Decision Making that actually brings together and breaks down the barriers between those sort of governmental actors and the communities that they are working with across borders is more and more critical. And the human consequences we need to be taking into account is not the potential harms that people may suffer as a consequence of government objection on particular portions of the population but it is the opportunities that we can reveal and promote but also how authoritarian societies can affect the societies, the people that are living in those societies. And i think in short, samanthas approach about thinking of these issues is not only preferable and more likely to be sustainable and pragmatic but something we need today and democratic societies have a comparative advantage on. And im so proud and honored to introduce Samantha Power for her lecture for this wonderful prize and i appreciate the society has done this. Its remarkable. So thank you very much. [applause] ms. Power thank you so much. Im so grateful to be here. Thanks to the American Academy of political and social science and ken pruitt for serving as president and leading this important academy and im looking forward to our discussion after. To tom who hounded me all summer to get a topic for this lecture and never did. So it will be a big surprise to everyone here. Nd to jessica for organizing this, which is no easy feat. Of rule, i have to say more than a record about my former colleague and dear friend, she brought to every governmental debate that i saw her participate in and this is at the highest levels of government, the freshest eyes of anyone i saw working in government. There were no taboos and no dumb questions and talk about rare, it turns out that one of the things that constrains informed and rigorous policy debate is the sense that some questions are off limits or certain things must be done a certain way. And while the position of National Security adviser is famously the most stressful position there is in the National Security establishment, the secret, best kept secret, one of the best kept secret is the deputy National Security secretary is more and mikie in the old cer emp al commercial, everything that is hard comes to you. And she ran the most fairest and ost intensively determined and inclusive National Security process i ever saw. And made her way to the c. I. A. Where she brought her background in International Humanitarian law and her regard for human consequences into that institution and not only i think changed many dimensions of how things were done in the Intelligence Community but won the fierce loyalty of intelligence professionals just as she has everywhere she has worked in the government. And the unfailing decency that she offers as a human being, person and a friend is what she wants to see reflected in American Public policy. I couldnt be more honored that she was the one to introduce me. Another word about maura moynihan. Thank you, maura, for your support for this enterprise. She is here. Nice to see you, maura, and could not be more honored to be receiving this awart in your dads honor and could not be more pleased and proud as an american and as a person who also lives in the broader world that there is an award named for your dad and every year we come together to think about your dad and his legacy. Im incredibly proud to be here. There were a few alleged parallels between me and senator moynihan. I dont flatter myself to believe that i necessarily belong in his league despite how pleased i am to be associated with him, but there are a few parallels that i do acknowledge. So both senator moynihan and i take pride in our irishness, but part of that is that we and im going to speak about him in the pretense because he is a large force in our world today, but we carry with it an expectation, an irish expectation that good things may not last and you all remember after president kennedy was shot, moynihan famously saying, i dont think there is any point being irish if you know the world is going to break your heart eventually and he paused and added, i thought we had more time. I spend my days with that same sense of worry about the world, especially these days, but im hoping we have a lot more time and not just a little more time. We both have the experiences of to goling between academics where we were each professors and stints in Public Service but he in a far more diverse range of government in roles and disciplines than i did. Serving in the white house and sensing skepticism about insights i might have drawn from social science or behavioral science or Political Science, i often wished that i could mobilize a retort as lively as moynihan could when he was being challenged. And the incident that comes most quickly to mind is that in 1976 when he was challenging the new york incumbent senator James Buckley and moynihans First Political race and when senator buckley referred to in one of the debates professor moynihan, from harvard and then moynihan ex claimed with mock indignation, the mud shrinking has begun. The mud shrinking has begun. [laughter] ms. Power no dirtier mud than to be called professor in a political debate. We both believe in the essential role for ideas in the shaping of Public Policy and also in the power of words. Never to diminish just the power of words. Mauras overlap but mother, senator moynihans spouse, the senators wife of 48 years, elizabeth, she said she married her husband because he was the funniest man she ever met. And i feel the same way about my husband. You know about his books, but you dont know about his humor. Some of those books have a little humor in them. When one attempts to take the measure of moynihan, senator, ambassador, veteran, author of 18 books, nine of which he wrote while serving in the u. S. Senate, president ial counselor, cabinet member, sociologyist, professor and public intellectual, what is the most striking of all in our era of intense polarization is his fierce independence of mind and spirit which persisted throughout his decades of public life, how inson eveable would it be today for someone to do what moynihan did, to be appointed to cabinet and subcabinet positions in four consecutive, kennedy, johnson, nixon and ford. Bill chris toll out of bounds of moynihan, he is never in anybodys camp, a rarity today. On the occasion of being recognized with this honor, i would like to address a problem that greatly concerned moynihan when he served as u. S. Ambassador to the u. N. Under president ford and that challenge was the future of democracy. So today, i would like to examine first the contemporary state of democracy and its relative appeal around the world. I would like to discuss the rise of china and its implications for the future of democracy and thirdly, i will add, facing a different future in the democratic model and china model will coexist on this earth, i would like to look at what we can and should do to enhance democracys prospects. First on the state of democracy. Back in the fall of 1975 with the american bicentennial approaching, moynihan having recently left his role as ambassador to india spelled out his pest mimple about the democratic model for an article in the public interests. What he wrote was quote, liberal democracy on the american model increasingly contends to the condition of monarchy in the 19th september try, a holdover form of government which which persists here and there and even serve well enough for special circumstances but which has no relevance to the future, end quote. Moynihan continued, quote, it is where the world was, not where it is going, end quote. Now for context, we should recall the world as it was when moynihan offered this present dick shon. Across the globe, only 30 of the countries in the world were democracies at that point. From the middle of the 20th century until he became u. N. Ambassador in 1975, the number of so, maybe it is understandable why moynihan went on to observe in the article that increasingly, democracy is seen that kill yournt to a handful of north atlantic countries and a few other olonies. Moynihans views had been particularly influenced by his experiences as u. S. Ambassador to india. 1973. Ived in new delhi in during his two years in the country, he experienced painful backsliding of the democracy. As he prepared to leave india and return to the u. S. To become the u. N. Ambassador, he wrote here in india, liberty displays and an easy presence, and an endangered that endangered species. That indian democracy should struggle to maintain itself is the National Condition of its